scholarly journals Plasma alkaline ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) and nitrogen retention in low-birth-weight infants

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Scott ◽  
H. M. Berger ◽  
Caroline Kenward ◽  
P. Scott ◽  
B. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Alkaline Ribonuclease ◽  
Biochemical Measurements

1. Nitrogen retention was determined by classical N balance techniques in fourteen rapidly growing low-birth-weight infants receiving 3 g protein/kg body-weight and during their 3rd week of life. This was compared with plasma free alkaline ribonuclease (EC3.1.4.22; RNase) activity and other biochemical measurements of protein nutrition.2. Plasma RNase showed a significant positive correlation with N retention and a corresponding negative correlation with urine urea-N. These results were unexpected and suggest a different relationship between RNase and N retention in infants compared with that found by other workers in children and adults.3. The most likely explanation of this apparent anomaly is that in all instances high activities of plasma RNase are associated with a need to conserve N. In the infants studied this may indicate some measure of ‘protein economy’ and they could therefore benefit from a higher protein intake.

Post-natal thyroid function in low birth weight infants; a longitudinal assessment of free thyroxine and thyroid hormone binding globulin

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeki Hirano ◽  
Jaideep Singh ◽  
Gopal Srinivasan ◽  
Rosita Pildes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract. Because the concentrations of serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG) have not been fully evaluated in preterm infants at the immediate post-natal period, we studied the longitudinal changes of serum FT4 and TBG, along with thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), at birth (cord blood), 2 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of age in 7 infants with birth body weight ≦ 1000 g, 7 infants with body weight 1001 to 1350 g, 11 infants with body weight 1351 to 2499 g, and 11 full-term infants. Free T4 concentrations were measured by Corning Medical radio-immunoassay (RIA) kit. The infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (body weight ≦ 1000 g) showed precipitous declines of total T4 and, to a lesser extent, of FT4 concentrations at 1 and 2 weeks of age. These post-natal T4 and FT4 decreases in ELBW neonates have not previously been reported. The clinical significance of this finding remains, speculative, but it may be due to metabolic or nutritional problems related to extreme prematurity itself. This study suggests that measurement of FT4 is a useful adjunct to the assessment of ELBW infants with wery low T4 values, if done between 1 to 2 weeks af age, and could be used as a primary hypothyroid screening tool instead of T4 measurements, provided that an FT4 assay is developed that uses the elute of blood spotted on filter paper.

Eleven Plasma Proteins as Indicators of Protein Nutritional Status in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan K. T. Polberger ◽  
Göran A. Fex ◽  
Irene E. Axelsson ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Concentrations of 11 plasma proteins were measured in 28 healthy, growing, very low birth weight, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants fed varying levels of human milk protein intake (range 1.7 to 3.9 g/kg per day). Significant positive correlations were found between ween mean protein intake and concentrations of 7 of the plasma proteins studied (transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin: P < .001; vitamin D-binding protein and apolipoprotein B: P < .01; albumin and apolipoprotein A I: P < .05). A weak negative correlation with mean protein intake was seen for the plasma level of orosomucoid, whereas no significant correlations were found for the plasma concentrations of fibronectin and α1-antichymotrypsin. Protein intake, not energy intake, constituted the main contribution to the changes in the concentrations of transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin. The levels of plasma transthyretin and transferrin were also strongly correlated with weight and length growth of the infants during the study as well as with other indicators of protein nutritional status such as preprandial concentrations of plasma amino acids and serum and urine urea. These data indicate that of the 11 plasma proteins studied, transthyretin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein are the most suitable to evaluate protein nutritional status in very low birth weight infants.

TrophAmine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-390
Author(s):  
WILLIAM C. HEIRD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

In Reply.— The purpose of the study reported in the paper1 to which Zlotkin refers was to evaluate the efficacy of a new parenteral amino acid mixture (ie, TrophAmine) with respect to maintaining "normal" plasma amino acid concentrations and promoting nitrogen retention in low birth weight infants. Because the study was not a controlled trial in which this amino acid mixture was compared with another mixture, a concerted effort was made to avoid drawing conclusions or stating claims regarding the efficacy of this amino acid mixture relative to other mixtures.

Nutritional Balance Studies in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Role of Soy Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant P. Shenai ◽  
Banoo M. Jhaveri ◽  
John W. Reynolds ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
S. Gorham Babson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Accretion Rates

Although a soy-based lactose-free infant formula is sometimes used for feeding very low-birth-weight infants, the nutritional adequacy of this diet has not been thoroughly investigated. This study used the metabolic balance technique to compare nutrient retention rates in 19 very low-birth-weight (<1,530 gm) infants fed either a soy-based formula or a conventional milk-based formula. Serum chemistries and anthropometric measurements were assessed serially. The soy isolate supplemented with methionine as the sole dietary protein appeared to be adequately utilized, and nitrogen retention rates comparable to fetal accretion rates could be achieved in soy-fed infants in the limited period of study. The absence of lactose in the diet of soy-fed infants did not interfere with calcium metabolism. However, phosphorus absorption was diminished with the feeding of soy formula, which resulted in relative hypophosphatemia. Although the soy-fed infants showed increased renal conservation of phosphorus during the study period, the lesser absorption may, over time, stress phosphorus homeostatic control mechanisms. It is concluded that routine use of soy formula without specific therapeutic indications is undesirable in feeding very low-birth-weight infants. Extended use of such a formulation needs to be monitored for potential adverse effects on skeletal mineralization.

Protein intake for low-birth-weight infants

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren M. Cox ◽  
L.J. Filer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

scholarly journals Does enteral protein intake affect renal glomerular and tubular functions in very low birth weight infants?

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayriye Gozde Kanmaz ◽  
Banu Mutlu ◽  
Omer Erdeve ◽  
Fuat Emre Canpolat ◽  
Serife Suna Oguz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Tubular Functions

TrophAmine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
STANLEY H. ZLOTKIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions

To the Editor.— Heird et al1 recently described the use of a new parenteral amino acid mixture for low birth weight infants which included a peptide of tyrosine (N-acetyl-l-tyrosine). They concluded that infants tolerated the new mixture well and stated that it was "more efficacious with respect to nitrogen retention and weight gain than other available mixtures." It is my contention that their results do not substantiate their claims. First, the efficiency of nitrogen retention with TrophAmine (70% retention) is not superior to older amino acid solutions.

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