scholarly journals Voluntary food intake of growing pigs given diets containing rapeseed meal, from different types and varieties of rape, as the only protein supplement

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Lee ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

1. The voluntary food intake, during 30 min periods after morning and afternoon feeds and during 24 h, by growing pigs given diets containing rapeseed meal (Rsm) or soya-bean meal (Sbm) as the only protein supplement was determined. One diet was offered at a time and a daily changeover sequence of feeding was followed.2. Four rapeseed meals were compared, one from seeds of British-grown winter Brassica napus varieties (Brsm) and the others from seeds of the var7ieties Tower (Trsm), Erglu (Ersm) and Span (Srsm). The effects on feed intake of adding flavouring substances to the Brsm diet were also determined. The flavouring substances were molassine meal, sucrose and four commercially-available substances: P, pig nectar; H, hog nectar; S, sow nectar and A, apple.3. Intake of the Brsm diet was significantly less than those of the Sbm, Trsm and Ersm diets.4. Addition to the Brsm diet of molassine meal or sucrose at 50 or 100 g/kg did not improve voluntary feed intake. None of the commercial flavouring substances raised the intake of the Brsm diet to the level of the Sbm diet but they improved intake of the Brsmdiet to varying extents. Flavourings H, S and A gave similar improvements which were substantial.5. The Sbm, Brsm and Trsm diets were each fed ad. lib. to groups of growing pigs continuously for 4 weeks. Weekly feed intakes and weight gains were determined. Feed intakes and weight gains followed closely the intake values obtained in the changeover experiments. The highest values were for the Sbm diet; those for the Trsm diet were slightly lower and those for the Brsm diet were substantially and significantly lower.6. The glucosinolate, sinapine and tannin contents of the rapeseed meals were determined and the results suggested that voluntary feed intake of diets containing these meals was related to their glucosinolate content, but not to their sinapine or tannin contents.

Voluntary food intake in a limited time of lambs and calves given diets containing rapeseed meal from different types and varieties of rape, and rapeseed meal treated to reduce the glucosinolate concentration

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stedman ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Limited Period ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTThe voluntary food intake in a limited period, 30 or 60 min after morning and afternoon feeds, and during 24 h, by lambs and calves given diets containing rapeseed meal (RSM) or soya bean meal (SBM) as the only protein supplement was determined. Four rapeseed meals were compared, one from seed of British-grown winter Brassica napus varieties (BRSM), and the others from seeds of the varieties Tower (TRSM) and Loras (LRSM), or from seeds of Canadian spring sown varieties (Canola; CRSM). The effects on food intake of treating BRSM with heat and ammonia, steam, steam and ammonia, or calcium hydroxide and ammonia were also determined.In lambs, intakes in a limited period of BRSM and CRSM were significantly lower than that of SBM, and there were no differences between intakes of BRSM and CRSM. In calves, intake in a limited period of BRSM was significantly lower than intake of SBM, TRSM and LRSM: those of TRSM and LRSM were lower, but not significantly so, than that of SBM. Treatment of BRSM with steam, steam and ammonia or calcium hydroxide and ammonia, increased food intake significantly but by small amounts: intakes of the treated meal diets were markedly lower than that of the control SBM diet. The glucosinolate concentration of untreated RSM influenced intake in calves but not in lambs. The effects of treatment of RSM on intake were not closely related to changes in glucosinolate concentration.

scholarly journals Differential effects of feeding fermentable carbohydrate to growing pigs on performance, gut size and slaughter characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThirty-five gilts grown between 18 and 55 kg live weight were used to examine the effects of feeding fermentable carbohydrate on voluntary food intake, performance, carcass characteristics, and large intestinal growth. Five diets were used. The first diet contained steam-flaked sorghum and a supplement based on animal protein sources and 40 g/kg soya-bean meal (diet SAP). Using this diet as a base, three other diets contained either (i) guar gum, a source of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) (diet SAP + S-NSP), (ii) Novelose™, a source of resistant starch (RS) (diet SAP + RS), and (Hi) a combination of both S-NSP and RS (diet SAP + S-NSP + RS). The final diet (diet WBL) was based on wheat, barley and Australian sweet lupins. Diets (i), (ii) and (Hi) were formulated such that the concentrations of soluble NSP, oligosaccharide and RS were similar to those contained in diet WBL. There was no relationship (F > 0·05) between voluntary food intake and indices of hind-gut fermentation, although pigs given diets SAP + S-NSP and SAP + S-NSP + RS took longer to reach the slaughter weight of 55 kg (F < 0·001) and converted food less efficiently than pigs given other diets (F < 0·001). An increased intake of S-NSP (R2 = 0·842, P < 0·05) and S-NSP + RS (R2 = 0·805, F < 0·05) was positively correlated to an increased (empty) weight of the large intestine. A significant negative relationship (R2 = 0·78, F < 0·05) existed between the daily intake of S-NSP + RS and dressing proportion, such that each gram increase caused a 0·25 g/kg decrease in the dressing proportion of pigs. No such relationships existed between the daily intake of soluble NSP, insoluble NSP, or RS (P > 0·05) with dressing proportion. These data suggest that the sources of fermentable carbohydrate used in this study, i.e. soluble NSP and RS, may not significantly depress voluntary food intake but can affect performance and have a significant effect on large intestinal growth and dressing proportion.

scholarly journals The voluntary food intake by growing pigs of diets containing ‘treated’ rapeseed meals or extracts of rapeseed meal

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Lee ◽  
Sharon Pittam ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Anion Exchange Column ◽  
Exchange Column ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Cation Exchange Column ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. The intake by growing pigs of a diet containing British rapeseed meal (Brsm) extracted once with water was greater than that of a similar diet containing untreated Brsm, and a diet containing Brsm extracted twice with water was eaten more readily than one containing Brsm extracted once with water. Treatment of Brsm with slaked lime increased slightly its acceptability by growing pigs.2. The addition of a water extract of Brsm to a soya-bean meal (Sbm) diet reduced voluntary intake compared with the voluntary intake of the same Sbm diet with water added. Addition to the diet of a water extract passed through an anion exchange column increased food intake but if a cation exchange column was used there was no effect on intake.3. Treated rapeseed meals and extracts were analysed for glucosinolates, sinapine and tannins; the results indicated that glucosinolates rather than sinapine or tannin were associated with low feed intake.

The voluntary feed intake and weight gain of lambs given compound concentrate feeds containing rapeseed meal with a range of glucosinolate contents

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 142-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C Vincent ◽  
J Thompson ◽  
R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum

Lambs given ad, libitum, a compound concentrate feed containing a high proportion of a high glucosinolate rapeseed meal gained weight at a significantly lower rate than similar lambs given a concentrate feed based on soyabean meal (Stedman et al, 1983). The glucosinolate content of the concentrate feed containing rapeseed meal was just over 20 µmol/g. In the experiment described here the effects on lamb weight gain and concentrate intake were determined from a range of compound feeds containing the same proportion of rapeseed meal but different glucosinolate contents, to a maximum approaching 20 µmol/g.Two rapeseed meals were used, one of low glucosinolate content (Dolar-DRSM), about 3.5 µmol/g, and the other of high glucosinolate content (autumn UK sown variety - BRSM), about 85 µmol/g. Eight compound concentrate feeds were prepared (Table 1), all containing 0.20 rapeseed meal but having calculated glucosinolate contents of 0 to 17.5 µmol/g. Their ME value was 12.5 MJ and CP 200 g/kg DM. The mineral and vitamin supplement provided 0,8 mg I/kg concentrate feed.

Voluntary food intake in the young pig

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Fowler ◽  
B. P. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractDuring the 1st week of life the energy contained in the body of the average piglet increases by a factor between four and five. To achieve this increase the piglet must ingest metabolizable energy (ME) at a rate which is about four times its maintenance requirement. Well over half the ME supplied in the milk of the sow is in the form of emulsified fat. Whilst the piglet is being suckled, its intake is controlled by litter size, availability of teats and productiveness of the mammary gland. At 3 weeks of age the normal piglet requires about 7.8 MJ digestible energy to sustain a live growth rate of 280 g/day. At this stage the growth comprises about 40 g protein and about 68 g fat. This means that the required intake for a newly weaned piglet on a typical starter diet should be about 475 g/day. In practice such intakes are rarely achieved for several days, therefore weaning causes severe disruption of intake and of the growth curve and there are other factors involved including social disturbance and stress. Further problems are caused by the provision of diets which are unsuited to the physiology of the piglet's immature digestive tract. The sudden loss of the IgA component and indeed other protective factors contained in the dam's milk can be extremely serious, and the reduction in food intake is effectively a defence strategy by the piglet to cope with its new circumstances and try to maintain physiological homoeostasis. In some circumstances the use of antibacterial agents, organic acids or probiotics may be beneficial, but the approach is less reliable than careful formulation of the diet to avoid provocative ingredients such as soya-bean and rapeseed meal.

The effects on feed intake in weaned calves of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal as the sole protein supplement

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 141-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C Vincent ◽  
J Thompson ◽  
R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Concentrate feed with high-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (BRSM) as the sole protein supplement was eaten less readily by weaned calves than a similar feed based on soyabean meal (Stedman et al, 1983), and this was so whether intake was measured during continuous ad libitum feeding, or for short periods, 0.5 h, after twice-daily feeding with changes of feed each day. In these and other experiments with calves (Stedman and Hill, 1987), concentrate feeds based on low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal were eaten more readily than those based on high-glucosinolate meal, but intake of the low-glucosinolate feeds rarely matched that of the corresponding feed containing soyabean meal.

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
T. Kiener
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

Growth and herbage consumption of grazing Merino and Border Leicester lambs reared by their mothers or fostered by ewes of the other breed

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYEight Border Leicester castrated male lambs (wethers) were fostered on to 8 Merino ewes (MB) at birth, and 10 Merino wethers were fostered on to Border Leicester ewes (BM). Two additional groups of 10 wethers consisted of Border Leicester lambs (BB) and Merino lambs (MM) reared by their natural mothers. The lambs and ewes grazed together and growth rate, and milk and herbage consumption of the lambs were recorded.Live-weight gains to weaning at 74 days were 275, 245, 204 and 184 g/day for groups BB, MB, BM and MM respectively. Lambs reared by Border Leicester ewes received more milk and consumed less grass than lambs of similar genotype reared by Merinos, but BM lambs consumed less milk than BB lambs. Merino lambs also consumed less grass than Border Leicester lambs.It was concluded that Merinos grew more slowly than Border Leicester lambs primarily because of their lower voluntary food intake. The lower milk production of Merino ewes was considered to be of secondary significance since if herbage is available ad libitum, lambs with high voluntary intakes will compensate for the lack of milk by consuming more forage.

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