scholarly journals Mineral excretion of rats fed on diets containing faba beans (Vicia faba L.) or faba bean fractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio ◽  
George Grant ◽  
Susan Bardocz ◽  
Peter Dewey ◽  
A. Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Faba Beans

The effects on faecal mineral excretion of two commercial varieties (local cultivar and Troy cultivar) of raw faba beans (Vicia faba L., minor) meal (VFM) and its fractions have been studied in growing rats. Diets contained local-VFM (dark seed coat) and Troy-VFM (light seed coat) at 474–500 g/kg diet, hull (VFH) from both varieties at 65 g/kg diet, and the insoluble cotyledon residue (VFCR) obtained from the Troy variety at 237 g/kg diet. Rats were pair-fed on diets which had been supplemented with amino acids to target requirements and contained similar amounts of zinc, manganese, iron and copper. With VFM diets the apparent absorption of Zn and Mn was significantly reduced. On the other hand, with hulls the apparent absorption of Fe was reduced while that of Cu slightly increased. As the amounts of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in VFM and VFH diets were higher than in the controls, the increased intake resulted in a significant increase in both the apparent absorption and the faecal excretion of these minerals. The inclusion of VFCR in the diet had no significant effect on the mineral content of faeces. The relatively low concentrations of phytate in the bean seeds of 7.8 and 6.7 g/kg for the local and Troy cultivars respectively, could not adequately account for the increased mineral excretion. The results suggest that other seed constituents, possibly the soluble non-starch polysaccharides, may be involved in the elevated loss of Zn and Mn in rats fed on diets containing faba bean for extended periods, while some insoluble structural hull components may interfere with the absorption of Fe from the gut.Faba bean (Vicia faba): Faecal mineral excretion: Rat.

Quantitative genetic studies of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in spring faba bean

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kao ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Hayman's diallel cross analysis was employed to investigate the nature of the genetic control and heritability of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in F1 and F2 generations of spring faba beans (Vicia faba L.). High-yielding S4 inbred lines from five open-pollinated faba bean cultivars were used as parents to generate complete F1 and F2 diallels. The S5 inbred line parents and the 20 cross combinations were planted in randomized complete block experiments with six replications. All characters in the F1 diallel and in the F2 diallel with the exception of days from planting to maturity met all of the assumptions required for Hayman's diallel analysis. Yield, total dry matter, harvest index, and pods per plant exhibited significant apparent overdominance in both the F1 and F2 diallels. It is concluded that substantial immediate increases in yield and total dry matter could be expected from exploiting the apparent overdominant gene action found for these characters in these crosses via F1 hybrids or synthetics. Key words: total dry matter, harvest index, diallel crosses, inheritance, Vicia faba L.

Screening of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Germplasm Accessions against Grey Mould Disease Caused by Botrytis fabae Sard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elkhalil Benzohra ◽  
Hakima Belaidi
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Botrytis Fabae ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease

Background: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is thirst most important grain legume in the world and the first one in Algeria. The chocolate spot disease caused by Botrytis fabae Sard (BF), is the major constraint of this culture in Algeria when caused a destructive damages.Methods: The aim of this study is to find the sources of resistance for Seven varieties of faba beans (Giza 02, Giza 40, Giza 461, Sakha 02, Sakha 03, Precoce de Seville), by using the detached leaflet inoculation test for resistance to the two isolates from BF represent two different regions of northwest Algeria (Mascara and Relizane). Result: A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in the reaction of the varieties which manifest themselves by a different reaction vis-à-vis the isolates of BF. Total sensitivity was observed in the four (4) varieties Giza02, Sakha01, Sakha02 and Sakha03, two (2) varieties (Giza40 and Ziban), are tolerant, while the variety named ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed significant resistance to both isolates from BF. These results showed a similar pathogenic behavior of two isolates of BF and variability in the level of reactions of the varieties of beans. The variety ‘Precoce de Seville’ showed promising results to be valued and cultivated in order to reduce the damage caused by this disease and reduce the use of chemicals.

OUTLOOK FABA BEAN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1044
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
R. A. A. MORRALL
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Faba Beans

Outlook is the second Canadian-bred cultivar of faba beans (Vicia faba) to be licensed. It is small-seeded like Ackerperle, but is intermediate in maturity compared to available cultivars. Outlook is adapted to western Canada and is slightly lower yielding than Aladin on dryland but is the highest yielding cultivar under irrigation testing.

FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. FRAZER ◽  
D. RAWORTH ◽  
T. GOSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.

RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS IN CHICK DIETS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Antinutritional Factor ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Two experiments were conducted with male Leghorn chicks over 20- and 21-day periods to study the influence of heat treatment (autoclaved 15 min at 121 C) on the antinutritional factor(s) of the faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor). Pancreas size decreased and efficiency of feed utilization was improved in chicks fed diets containing heated as compared with raw faba beans (P < 0.01). The most pronounced effect of heat treatment occurred in diets of high (85%) faba bean content. The decreases in pancreas size and feed:gain ratio were 25 and 12%, respectively. Heat treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) growth response (7.3%) in chicks fed the diet containing 85% faba beans. Weight gain in chicks, however, was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected with diets containing 57 or 28% faba beans and was the same as for chicks fed the 85% heated faba bean diet. The results of the second experiment showed that most of the antinutritional factor(s) in faba beans is associated with the hulless portion of the faba bean. It was also shown that the weight of the hull was approximately 13% of that of the whole bean and that it had a high (45%) content of crude fiber and a low (6%) content of crude protein.

Low Concentrations of Phytoalexins Correlate with Resistance in Regenerated Plants from Meristem Cultures of Vicia faba L

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thynn ◽  
A. Wolff ◽  
E. Gorge ◽  
D. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
General Production ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Level

Abstract In tissue cultures from shoot apex meristems with leaf primordias of Vicia faba cv. TP667, addition of low concentration of auxins (0.01 mg ・1-1) induced regeneration of whole plants at high frequency (100%). The combination of NAA and kinetin or GA , also induced a high yield of plant regeneration. Regenerated plants from various cultivars on a medium with 2 ,4 D (0.01 mg ・1-1) were infected with Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora megasperma and R hizoctonia solani. Accumulation of phytoalexins, ethylene production and the resistance to fungal diseases were studied. In general, production of phytoalexins occurred at a high level in all cultivars infected with B. cinerea. Ethylene production varied more in the seven cultivars studied than phytoalexin accumulation. No cultivar was resistant to B. cinerea. The highest resistance and the low est concentration of phytoalexin was found after infection by R. solani, and phytoalexin accumulation and resistance were interm ediate in plants infected by P. megasperma. The data suggest that only low to medium concentrations of phytoalexin in faba beans are correlated with resistance of regenerated plants.

scholarly journals Carbohydrates digestibility and faecal nitrogen excretion in rats fed raw or germinated faba bean (Vicia faba)- and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-based diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Legume Seeds

Raw or germinated faba bean (Vicia fabaminor var. Alameda) and chickpea(Cicer arietinumkabuli var. Athenas) seed meals were incorporated in essential amino acid-supplemented and energy-equalized diets for growing (65 (SD 1) g) male Wistar rats as the only sources of dietary protein. A lactalbumin-based diet was used as the control. Faecal dry weight and N excretion of animals fed legume-containing diets were greater (P<0·01) and DM digestibility lower (P<0·01) than controls. Apparent faecal digestibilities of amino acids were found to be not different or lower (P<0·01) than controls in rats fed diets containing legume seeds, either germinated or not. Total diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and purine bases excretion were significantly (P<0·01) higher than controls in rats fed both legume seed meals. Faecal bacterial N calculated according to DAPA or purine bases values was similar and significantly higher (P<0·01) than controls in rats fed legume seed meals. Bacterial N accounted for 50 to 80 % of total faecal N in rats fed legume diets. Apparent faecal N digestibility values (53–65 %) of rats fed legume-based diets were lower (P<0·01) than controls, but became substantially higher (85–92 %) when calculated taking into account bacterial N values. Faecal NSP digestibility values for legume diets were 40–57 g/100 g ingested. Germination decreased starch faecal excretion (P<0·05) and increased (P<0·05) faecal starch and NSP digestibilities of faba bean seeds.

scholarly journals The utilization of raw and autoclaved faba beans (Vicia faba L., var. minor) and faba bean fractions in diets for growing broiler chickens

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rubio ◽  
Agustin Brenes ◽  
María Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Faba Beans

The effects of the inclusion of raw and autoclaved whole faba beans (Vicia faba; RFB and AFB respectively) or faba bean fractions (cotyledons and hulls) in diets for growing broiler chickens (0–4 weeks of age) on performance, intestinal physiology and jejunal histological structure have been studied in three experiments. Significant decreases in body-weight as well as lower food consumption and higher food intake:weight gain ratio were observed in those animals fed on diets containing 250, 350 and 500 RFB'kg in the diet. Birds fed on AFB diets (500 g/kg) had significantly greater body-weights than chicks fed on RFB or raw faba bean cotyledons (RC). Significant increases in the relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caeca, pancreas relative weight, and intestinal transit time of birds fed on diets containing 250,350 and 500 g RFB/kg compared with control birds were observed. Including AFB (500 g/kg) in the diet significantly increased body-weight and significantly decreased pancreas weight compared with RFB (500 g/kg)-fed birds. The inclusion of RFB hulls had no effect on these variables. Dehulling or autoclaving of faba beans, or both, proved to have no significant effect on relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caeca, nor on caecal volatile fatty acid concentration in birds fed on 500 g faba beans/kg diet. Electron microscopy of the jejunal mucosa revealed discrete hyperplasia of polysomes and mitochondria1 swelling in those animals fed on AFB (500g/kg) or AC (4264g/kg). Pronounced strangulations were also observed along the microvilli, whose length was similar to that of control birds. The inclusion of RFB hulls, either autoclaved or raw, led to no ultrastructural changes in the enterocytes, as detected by electron microscopy. Birds fed on diets containing the cotyledons of RFB (RC, 426 4 g/kg) rather than whole RFB showed the same ultrastructural disorders as RFB (500 g'kg)- fed birds. The present study shows that factors other than those usually claimed, i.e. protease inhibitors, phytates, tannins and lectins, may be contributing to the low nutritional value of V. faba seeds for growing chickens.

scholarly journals Effects of the whole seed and a protein isolate of faba bean (Vicia faba) on the cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Macarulla ◽  
César Medina ◽  
M. Aránzazu De Diego ◽  
M. Chávarri ◽  
M. Ángeles Zulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Coa Reductase

The aim of the present work was to analyse the hypocholesterolaemic efficiency of aVicia faba-protein isolate in relation to the intact legume. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this isolate were investigated. Hypercholesterolaemic rats were divided into three groups (n 10×3) and fed high-fat diets rich in cholesterol-containing casein, whole seeds ofVicia fabaor the protein isolate of faba beans as protein source, for 2 weeksad libitum. The protein isolate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation and spray dried. Analyses of serum, liver and faeces, as well as of the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, were assessed by enzymatic methods. The rats fed onVicia fabadiets showed significantly lower body weights and energy intakes than rats fed on casein diets. The whole-seed diet induced a significant reduction in plasma triacylglycerol. Feeding rats on diets containing faba bean seeds, or the protein isolate, induced a significant decrease in plasma (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol but not in HDL-cholesterol. Hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol were also reduced. The hypocholesterolaemic effects ofVicia fabawere not the result of a reduction in cholesterol synthesis as assessed from HMG-CoA reductase activity, but the result of an increase in steroid faecal excretion. The faba bean-protein isolate obtained under our experimental conditions was useful in improving the metabolic alterations induced by feeding with a hypercholesterolaemic diet compared with casein. The effectiveness of the whole seeds was higher than that of the protein isolate.

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