scholarly journals Postprandial lipaemia is exacerbated in fat-cholesterol-fed rabbits: relationship to atheroma deposition

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Juhel ◽  
Christophe Dubois ◽  
Michele Senft ◽  
Emile Levy ◽  
Huguette Lafont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Intake ◽  
Atheroma Plaque ◽  
Chronic Ingestion

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the links between chronic fat-cholesterol intake, postprandial lipaemia and atherogenesis in New Zealand White rabbits. Adult rabbits were fed on either a low-fat control diet (LF) or a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HF). Rabbits received a test meal containing [3H]cholesterol and [14C]triolein on days 0 and 63 for the LF group and days 14,28, 42,63 and 84 for the HF group. Blood was collected 24h post-absorptively and 10,24,34 and 48h after test-meal intake. Post-absorptive as well as postprandial lipoproteins and lipaemia were not modified in the LF rabbits, who did not show any atheroma deposition on day 119. In HF rabbits, postprandial plasma triacylglycerols peaked 24–34h after meal intake. The 0-48 h areas under the curves of triacylglycerol andtriacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRL) steadily increased with time of chronic lipid feeding with values significantly higher than those in the LF rabbits. The postprandial plasma and TRL concentrations of dietary radiolabelled lipids were significantly higher in HF than LF rabbits. Post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (EC3.1.1.34) and hepatic lipase (EC3.1.1.3) activities were twofold higher in HF rabbits than in LF rabbits at day 105. In HF rabbits, a marked atheroma plaque deposition in the aorta was observed (30·9 (SE 3·9) % of total surface). The extent of atheroma deposition was positively correlated to the postprandial responses of plasma total triacylglycerols and dietary-derived lipids as well as total cholesterol and dietary-derived cholesterolin HF rabbits. In conclusion, chronic ingestion of a HF diet led to marked increases in postprandial lipaemia and TRL particles, and atheroma deposition.

scholarly journals Isocaloric Walnut Inclusion in a Palm-Based High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Stabilizes Advanced Atheroma Plaque in ApoE-Deficient Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 693-693
Author(s):  
Iolanda Lázaro-López ◽  
Montserrat Cofán ◽  
Joaquín Surra ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Guerrero ◽  
Jesús Osada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Atheroma Plaque ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Objectives The presence of lipid-rich, unstable atheroma plaques in the vascular tree is the harbinger of cardiovascular events. There is a low prevalence of unstable atheroma plaques in Mediterranean countries. This might explain in part the lower rates of cardiovascular disease in Southern Europe compared to Northern Europe and US. Consumption of certain foods paradigmatic of the Mediterranean Diet delays atherosclerosis progression. In a mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis, we investigated whether the inclusion of walnuts within an atherogenic diet stabilizes advanced atheroma plaque. Methods Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (male, 10-week old) were randomized to receive either regular chow (9.6% of energy as fat, n = 14); a palm oil-based high-fat diet (43% of energy as fat, n = 15); or an isocaloric high-fat diet in which palm oil was partially replaced by walnuts in a dose equivalent to 30 g/d in humans (n = 14). All diets contained 0.2% cholesterol. After 15 weeks of intervention, we evaluated changes in aortic atherosclerotic lesions (size and composition) and markers for inflammation, oxidative stress, necrosis and autophagy. Results There were no among-group differences in atherosclerotic size and extension, or oxidative stress. Compared to control diet, palm oil-diet induced plaque instability (higher lipid and necrosis, and lower collagen-to-lipid ratio). Walnut inclusion attenuated these features and decreased macrophage infiltration. Palm oil-based diet increased expression of chemokines, cytokines, inflammasome, and M1-macrophage marker compared to control diet. Such response was not observed in walnut group. Findings for walnut group could be explained by the differential aortic activation of NF-kB (down-regulated) and Nrf2 and autophagy (up-regulated). Conclusions Isocaloric inclusion of walnuts within an unhealthy high-fat diet stabilizes advanced atheroma plaque. This contributes novel mechanistic evidence for the cardiovascular benefits of sustained walnut consumption. Funding Sources Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain. California Walnut Commission.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in a hypercholesterolaemic (RICO) strain of rat. Effect of dietary cholesterol

1990 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Sultan ◽  
L E Cardona-Sanclemente ◽  
D Lagrange ◽  
C Lutton ◽  
S Griglio
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Rate Limiting

Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were assayed in heparinized plasma from male normocholesterolaemic (SW) and genetically hypercholesterolaemic (RICO) rats. Both strains were fed on either a semi-purified control diet or the same diet enriched with 0.5% or 1% cholesterol. HL activity was similar in both groups of rats fed on the control diet. LPL activity was found to be significantly lower in RICO rats (35% decrease, P less than 0.05). Feeding with a high-cholesterol diet led to a decrease in HL activity (15-23%) in both groups of rats but no change was detected in LPL activity, which remained consistently lower in the RICO rats. Thus, with the control diet, LPL activity is lower in RICO rats but presumably is not rate-limiting for their triacylglycerol clearance, given the normal triacylglycerol levels present. After cholesterol feeding, however, the lower LPL activity may become rate-limiting together with the decrease in HL activity, as in these circumstances hypertriacylglycerolaemia was evident and the hypercholesterolaemia of this strain was further increased.

scholarly journals Ethanol with a mixed meal increases postprandial triacylglycerol but decreases postprandial non-esterified fatty acid concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Guy Reid Michelle Grady ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Kevin Evans ◽  
Keith N. Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid

Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations increase after the acute ingestion of alcohol (specifically ethanol). However, the effect of ethanol when consumed with a mixed meal has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the perturbations of lipid metabolism that occur after ingestion of ethanol in combination with a mixed meal of specific fatty acid composition. Blood samples were taken from seven healthy male subjects before and after a mixed meal, with and without ethanol. The specific fatty acid composition of the test meal allowed the fatty acids to be traced into the plasma non-esterified fatty acid pool during the postprandial period. Statistical analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of ethanol. For example, postprandial lipaemia was enhanced after the ethanol test meal compared with the control (P< 0·05), mainly due to increases in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the flotation range Sf60–400 (VLDL1) (P< 0·05); those in the range Sf20–60 (VLDL2) and also Sf> 400 (chylomicrons) were not significantly affected. The later postprandial increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations was reduced after the ingestion of ethanol (P< 0·001), but the proportions of palmitoleic acid (a marker of fatty acid content of the test meal) and of linoleic acid (a marker of endogenous lipolysis) were not affected. The results suggest a primary effect of ethanol on the stimulation of secretion of large VLDL particles, which then compete for clearance with chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase. The results do not support an effect of ethanol on the release of non-esterified fatty acid into the plasma. The suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during the postprandial period may contribute towards the beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption.

scholarly journals Impulsivity and test meal intake among women with bulimia nervosa

Appetite ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
Rachel Ojserkis ◽  
Janet Schebendach ◽  
Suzette M. Evans ◽  
Tom Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Meal Intake

scholarly journals Plasma cortisol levels in response to a cold pressor test did not predict appetite or ad libitum test meal intake in obese women

Appetite ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Geliebter ◽  
Charlisa D. Gibson ◽  
Dominica B. Hernandez ◽  
Deniz Atalayer ◽  
Anne Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Is the effect of prior exercise on postprandial lipaemia the same for a moderate-fat meal as it is for a high-fat meal?

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Hurren ◽  
Frank F. Eves ◽  
Andrew K. Blannin
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Fat Meal

Moderate-intensity exercise can lower the TAG response to a high-fat meal; however, the British diet is moderate in fat, and no study to date has compared the effect of such exercise on responses to high-fat and moderate-fat meals. The present work investigated the effect of brisk walking performed 13 h before intake of both high-fat and moderate-fat meals on postprandial plasma TAG concentrations. Eight inactive, overweight men completed four separate 2 d trials, i.e. rest (Con) or a 90-min treadmill walk (Ex) on the evening of day 1, followed by the ingestion of a moderate-fat (Mod) or high-fat (High) meal on the morning of day 2. High-fat meals contained 66 % of total energy as fat, while the percentage was 35 % for moderate-fat meals; both the meals were, however, isoenergetic. On day 2, venous blood was sampled in the fasted state, 30 and 60 min after ingesting the test meal and then hourly until 6 h post-meal. Exercise reduced plasma TAG concentrations significantly (P < 0·001), with no exercise × meal interaction (P = 0·459). Walking reduced the total TAG response to a high-fat meal by 29 % (relative to High Con); the same bout of exercise performed before ingesting a moderate-fat meal lowered total TAG by 26 % (compared with Mod Con). The ability of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bout to lower postprandial TAG concentrations is just as great, in percentage terms, when the test meal ingested is of a moderate rather than a high fat content.

scholarly journals Hepatic lipase function and the accumulation of β-very-low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chang ◽  
J Borensztajn
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins

The accumulation of cholesterol-rich beta-very-low-density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) in the plasma of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is due to a defect in the clearance of these lipoprotein remnants from circulation by the liver. In view of the evidence that hepatic lipase participates in the process of rapid removal of remnants from circulation, and considering that rabbits are naturally deficient in hepatic lipase, we examined whether this defect in the clearance of beta-VLDL could be reversed by exogenous hepatic lipase. We report that treatment in vitro of [3H]cholesterol-labelled beta-VLDL, or rat chylomicrons, with hepatic lipase resulted in the formation of particles that were rapidly cleared from circulation by the liver when injected intravenously into hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. These results are consistent with the notion that, in addition to the well-established requirement for lipoprotein lipase activity, the generation of remnants capable of being efficiently taken up by the liver also requires the action of hepatic lipase. Lipoprotein lipase acts on triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to transform them into particles (remnants) which bind to the surface of liver cells, where they become accessible to hepatic lipase. Hepatocyte endocytosis of these remnants occurs only after further modification by hepatic lipase. According to this scheme, the results presented suggest that the accumulation of beta-VLDL in the circulation of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is the result of the saturation of the available hepatic lipase by abnormally high levels of lipoprotein-lipase-generated chylomicron remnants.

scholarly journals Olive Biophenols Reduces Alzheimer’s Pathology in SH-SY5Y Cells and APPswe Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Omar ◽  
Christopher Scott ◽  
Adam Hamlin ◽  
Hassan Obied
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Candidate Drug ◽  
Copper Zinc

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease, associated with the hallmark proteinacious constituent called amyloid beta (Aβ) of senile plaques. Moreover, it is already established that metals (particularly copper, zinc and iron) have a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. In order to reduce the Aβ plaque burden and overcome the side effects from the synthetic inhibitors, the current study was designed to focus on direct inhibition of with or without metal-induced Aβ fibril formation and aggregation by using olive biophenols. Exposure of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells with Aβ42 resulted in decrease of cell viability and morphological changes might be due to severe increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells with olive biophenols were able to attenuate cell death caused by Aβ42, copper- Aβ42, and [laevodihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)] l-DOPA-Aβ42-induced toxicity after 24 h of treatment. Oleuropein, verbascoside and rutin were the major anti-amyloidogenic compounds. Transgenic mice (APPswe/PS1dE9) received 50 mg/kg of oleuropein containing olive leaf extracts (OLE) or control diet from 7 to 23 weeks of age. Treatment mice (OLE) were showed significantly reduced amyloid plaque deposition (p < 0.001) in cortex and hippocampus as compared to control mice. Our findings provide a basis for considering natural and low cost biophenols from olive as a promising candidate drug against AD. Further studies warrant to validate and determine the anti-amyloid mechanism, bioavailability as well as permeability of olive biophenols against blood brain barrier in AD.

Dietary fenugreek seed regresses preestablished cholesterol gallstones in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.R. Reddy ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds

An animal study was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary fenugreek seeds on regression of preestablished cholesterol gallstones (CGS). CGS was induced by feeding a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. After CGS induction, the animals were maintained for a further 10 weeks on experimental diets of high cholesterol, 6% fenugreek powder, 12% fenugreek powder, or basal control. Incidence of CGS and its severity were evaluated at the end of this feeding regimen. The incidence of CGS was significantly lowered as a result of dietary fenugreek seeds, the extent of regression being 61% and 64% in the low and high dose groups compared with 10% regression in the basal control group. The antilithogenic influence of dietary fenugreek was accompanied by significant reductions of more than 35% in serum cholesterol concentration. Hepatic cholesterol concentration was also profoundly lowered by dietary fenugreek, being 53%–63% lower than that of the basal control diet. Biliary cholesterol concentration was significantly lower as a result of dietary fenugreek during the post-CGS induction period, resulting in a decreased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio (0.44 and 0.40 compared with 0.79 in the basal control group). Biliary cholesterol : bile acid ratio was lowered by 67% and 73% upon feeding fenugreek, significantly lower than that in the basal control group. The cholesterol saturation index in the bile was also beneficially lowered by fenugreek treatment during the post-CGS induction period (the index was 0.90 and 0.42 compared with 1.86 in the basal control group). The present study provides evidence of the potency of hypolipidemic fenugreek seeds in regressing preestablished CGS, and this beneficial antilithogenic effect is attributable to its primary influence on cholesterol levels. This finding is significant in the context of evolving a dietary strategy to address CGS, which could help in preventing the incidence and regression of existing CGS and controlling possible recurrence.

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