scholarly journals Combined effects of a dietary portfolio of plant sterols, vegetable protein, viscous fibre and almonds on LDL particle size

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
David J. A. Jenkins ◽  
Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽  
Augustine Marchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Dietary Portfolio ◽  
Combined Impact

Studies conducted in the last 20 years have led to the identification of small dense LDL as an important risk factor for CVD. Consumption of plant sterols, soyabean proteins, viscous fibre and nuts are known to modulate the risk of CVD favourably through their cholesterol (Chol)-lowering properties, both independently and more recently in combination. Nevertheless, their combined impact on the LDL particle size phenotype has never been tested. In the present study, we assessed the effect of incorporating concurrently plant sterols (1 g/4·2 MJ), soyabean protein (23 g/4·2 MJ), viscous fibre (9 g/4·2 MJ) and almonds (15 g/4·2 MJ) into a diet very low in saturated fat in twelve patients with mildly elevated plasma LDL-Chol levels. Fasting blood lipids were obtained at the start of the study and at 2-week intervals during the 4-week study. The diet-induced reduction in plasma LDL-Chol of 30·0 (SE 3·0) % (P<0·0001) was attributed to concurrent reductions in the serum Chol concentrations of large (>26.0 nm−30 (SE 8) %,P<0·001), medium (25·5–26·0 nm−29 (SE 3) %,P<0·001) and small (<25·5 nm − 21 (SD 6) %,P<0·01) LDL particles, with near maximal reductions seen by week 2. These results indicate that foods and dietary components advocated for their potential to reduce the risk of CVD are effective in reducing serum concentrations of all LDL fractions including small dense LDL, thus potentially further contributing to an overall lower risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Stan ◽  
Emile Levy ◽  
Edgard E Delvin ◽  
James A Hanley ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Ldl Size ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Smaller, denser LDL particles are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In youths, data on the distribution of LDL particle size and on its association with other CVD risk factors are limited. Methods: We determined LDL peak particle size by nondenaturing 2%–16% gradient gel electrophoresis in a representative sample of 2249 youths 9, 13, and 16 years of age who participated in a school-based survey conducted in 1999 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Standardized clinical measurements and fasting plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations were available. Results: The LDL peak particle size distribution was gaussian. The 5th, 50th (median), and 95th percentiles by age and sex were 255.5–258.6, 262.1–263.2, and 268.1–269.5 Å, respectively. The prevalence of the small, dense LDL phenotype (LDL peak particle size ≤255 Å) was 10% in participants with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), in contrast to 1% in those without IRS. In a multiple regression analysis, the association of LDL size with other CVD risk factors [apolipoprotein B, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin concentrations, and body mass index] was strongest with TG and HDL-C concentrations: a 1 SD increase in loge-transformed TG concentration was associated with a 1.2 Å reduction in LDL size, and a 1 SD increase in HDL-C was associated with a 1.1 Å increase in LDL size. Conclusions: Although the small, dense LDL phenotype is less prevalent in youths than adults, its prevalence is clearly increased in childhood IRS. Metabolic correlates of LDL size are similar in youths and adults.

scholarly journals Dietary Saturated Fat Is Associated with Larger LDL Particle Size and Reduced CVD Risk in Framingham Offspring Study (P08-128-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Yuan ◽  
R Taylor Pickering ◽  
Martha Singer ◽  
Lynn Moore
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Ldl Particles

Abstract Objectives Small dense LDL particles have been shown to promote atherogenic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fat type may impact LDL particle size, but few studies have examined the association between fatty acid intake and LDL particle size and CVD risk. Our goal was to examine the association of saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake with LDL particle size and CVD risk in subjects in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). Methods LDL particle profiles were measured by NMR spectroscopic assay during exam visit 4 in the prospective FOS. Dietary fat, carbohydrate and food groups were assessed using 3-day diet records at exams 3 and 5; intakes were adjusted for body weight using the residuals from linear regression models. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and generalized linear modeling (GLM) were used to adjust for sex, age, height, pack-years of smoking, fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes, dairy, LDL particle size, and prevalent hypertension. Results Subjects were classified into 6 categories using the combined intakes of carbohydrates (<48% vs. ≥48% of calories) and weight-adjusted SFA (<20, 20-<30, ≥30 g/day). Among those with higher carbohydrate intake, increasing levels of dietary SFA were associated with reduced risk of CVD. Specifically, those with the highest SFA intake and higher energy-adjusted carbohydrate intakes had a 56% (CI: 0.24–0.82) lower risk of CVD compared with those who had both low SFA and lower carbohydrate intakes. Moreover, increasing SFA intake among those with higher carbohydrate intakes was also associated with larger LDL particle sizes (P = 0.04, highest SFA intake vs. lowest SFA intake). Among low-carbohydrate consumers, SFA intake was not associated with risk of CVD, but was still positively associated with larger LDL particle size (P = 0.0003, highest SFA intake vs. lowest SFA intake). Conclusions SFA intake was associated with larger LDL particle sizes regardless of carbohydrate intakes. However, a higher SFA intake was only associated with reduced CVD risk among those with higher carbohydrate intakes. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.

scholarly journals Smaller Mean LDL Particle Size and Higher Proportion of Small Dense LDL in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwan Suh ◽  
Hyung-Doo Park ◽  
Se Won Kim ◽  
Ji Cheol Bae ◽  
Alice Hyun-Kyung Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Korean Type ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Improvements in LDL particle size and distribution by short-term alternate day modified fasting in obese adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista A. Varady ◽  
Surabhi Bhutani ◽  
Monica C. Klempel ◽  
Benoît Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Obese Subjects

Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) beneficially modulates several indicators of CHD risk, but its effects on LDL particle size have never been tested. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ADMF on LDL particle size and distribution in obese adults. Sixteen obese subjects participated in a 10-week trial with three consecutive phases: (1) 2-week control phase; (2) 4-week ADMF controlled feeding phase; (3) 4-week ADMF self-selected feeding phase. After 8 weeks of diet, body weight and waist circumference were reduced (P < 0·05) by 5·6 (sem0·9) kg and 4·0 (sem0·9) cm, respectively. LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations decreased (P < 0·05) by 25 (sem10) % and 32 (sem6) %, respectively. Peak LDL particle size increased (P < 0·05) from 266 (sem1) to 268 (sem1) Å. Additionally, the proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0·05) from 13 (sem2) % to 9 (sem3) %, while the proportion of large LDL particles increased (P < 0·05) from 68 (sem4) % to 76 (sem4) % post-treatment. These findings suggest that ADMF is an effective diet strategy for increasing LDL particle size and decreasing the proportion of small, dense LDL particles in obese adults.

scholarly journals Comparison of a dietary portfolio diet of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL particle size phenotype in hypercholesterolaemic participants

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Gigleux ◽  
David J. A. Jenkins ◽  
Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽  
Augustine Marchie ◽  
Dorothea A. Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ldl Size ◽  
Dietary Portfolio ◽  
The Impact

The effect of diet v. statins on LDL particle size as a risk factor for CVD has not been examined. We compared, in the same subjects, the impact of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL size electrophoretic characteristics. Thirty-four hyperlipidaemic subjects completed three 1-month treatments as outpatients in random order: a very-low saturated fat diet (control); the same diet with 20 mg lovastatin; a dietary portfolio high in plant sterols (1 g/4200 kJ), soya proteins (21·4 g/4200 kJ), soluble fibres (9·8 g/4200 kJ) and almonds (14 g/4200 kJ). LDL electrophoretic characteristics were measured by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of fasting plasma at 0, 2 and 4 weeks of each treatment. The reductions in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels with the dietary portfolio and with statins were comparable and were largely attributable to reductions in the estimated concentration of cholesterol within the smallest subclass of LDL (portfolio − 0·69 (se 0·10) mmol/l, statin − 0·99 (se 0·10) mmol/l). These were significantly greater (P < 0·01) than changes observed after the control diet ( − 0·17 (se 0·08) mmol/l). Finally, baseline C-reactive protein levels were a significant predictor of the LDL size responsiveness to the dietary portfolio but not to the other treatments. The dietary portfolio, like the statin treatment, had only minor effects on several features of the LDL size phenotype, but the pronounced reduction in cholesterol levels within the small LDL fraction may provide additional cardiovascular benefit over the traditional low-fat diet of National Cholesterol Education Program Step II.

Abstract 127: The Mediterranean Diet With and Without Weight Loss Improves Several Features of Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Men With Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Richard ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
Benoît Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Ldl Particle Size ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
The Impact

Objective To assess the impact of a Mediterranean type diet (MedDiet), without weight loss (-WL) and with weight loss (+WL), on features of LDL and LDL- apolipoprotein (apo) B metabolism in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods and Results The diet of 19 men with MetS (NCEP-ATP III, age 24-62 years) was first standardized to a typical North American control diet that they consumed for 5 weeks under isoenergetic feeding conditions (all foods and beverages provided). Subjects were then fed a MedDiet for 5 weeks also under isoenergetic conditions (MedDiet-WL), after which they underwent a 20-week weight loss period in free-living conditions (average weight loss -10.2 ± 2.9% body weight, P<0.01). This was followed by consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under isoenergetic conditions (MedDiet+WL). Features of LDL and apo B kinetics were assessed at the end of the three controlled feeding periods. MedDiet-WL reduced VLDL-apoCIII (-41.5%), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (-7.0%) and hepatic lipase concentrations (-7.1%), reduced the proportion of small LDL (LDL<255 å, -11.7%) and increased LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD, +0.7%) as well as the proportion of medium size LDL (LDL255-260 å, +11.1%) vs. control diet (all P<0.05). MedDiet-WL also decreased LDL-apoB pool size (PS, -14.2%) and increased the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL-apoB (+30.4%) vs. the control diet (both P<0.05), with no change in LDL-apoB production rate (PR). MedDiet+WL was associated with further increase in LDL-PPD (0.2%) and further reduction in VLDL-apoCIII concentrations (-28.7%) compared with MedDiet-WL (both P<0.05) but had no further impact on LDL-apoB PS and on LDL-apoB FCR. Conclusion Data from this controlled feeding study suggest that consumption of MedDiet, even in the absence of weight loss, decreases LDL-C concentrations and LDL-apoB pool size primarily by enhancing the clearance of LDL particles in men with MetS. This is accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of small dense LDL and an increase in LDL particle size. Combining weight loss to MedDiet has no additional impact on LDL-apoB pool size and catabolism but may have further beneficial effects on the LDL particle size phenotype in men with MetS.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein atherogenicity: an overview of current mechanisms

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Dense Ldl ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tissue Matrix

Raised serum cholesterol does not adequately explain the increased risk of CHD within populations or the relationship between diet and CHD. Nevertheless, the principal transport vehicle of cholesterol in the circulation, LDL, must still be regarded as the most atherogenic lipoprotein species, but not because of its contribution to serum cholesterol. The atherogenic potential of LDL in the majority of individuals arises from an increase in the number of small dense LDL particles and not from its cholesterol content per se. There is now a wealth of evidence from cross-sectional and prospective studies to show that LDL particle size is significantly associated with CHD and predictive of increased coronary risk. Moreover, there are a number of credible mechanisms to link small dense LDL with the atherogenic process. The rate of influx of serum lipoproteins into the arterial wall is a function of particle size, and will thus be more rapid for small dense LDL. Components of the extracellular tissue matrix in the intima, most notably proteoglycans, selectively bind small dense LDL with high affinity, sequestering this lipoprotein in a pro-oxidative environment. The oxidation of LDL promotes the final deposition of cholesterol in the arterial wall, and numerous studies have shown small dense LDL to be more susceptible to oxidative modification than its larger and lighter counterparts. An increase in the number of small dense LDL particles may originate from a defect in the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. One mechanism may involve the overproduction and increased residence time of large triacylglycerol-rich VLDL in the postprandial phase, a situation thought to arise through pathways of insulin resistance.

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