scholarly journals Paraoxonase 1 Q192R (PON1-192) polymorphism is associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in healthy young men on a low-carotenoid diet supplemented with tomato juice

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Bub ◽  
Stephan W. Barth ◽  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
Karlis Briviba ◽  
Gerhard Rechkemmer
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

The HDL-bound enzyme paraoxonase (PON) protects LDL from oxidation and may therefore attenuate the development of atherosclerosis. We examined the effect of tomato and carrot juice consumption on PON1 activity and lipid peroxidation in healthy young volunteers with different PON1-192 genotypes (Q/R substitution at position 192). In this randomized cross-over study twenty-two healthy, non-smoking men on a low-carotenoid diet received 330 ml/d tomato juice (37·0 mg lycopene, 1·6 mg β-carotene) or carrot juice (27·1 mg β-carotene, 13·1 mg α-carotene) for 2 weeks. Intervention periods were preceded by 2-week low-carotenoid intake. We determined the PON1-192 genotype by restriction fragment length polymorphism–polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and measuredex vivoLDL oxidation (lag time), plasma malondialdehyde and PON1 activity at the beginning and end of each intervention period. At baseline, lag time was higher (P<0·05) in QQ (111 (sd 9) min) than in QR/RR subjects (101 (sd 8) min). Neither tomato nor carrot juice consumption had significant effects on PON1 activity. However, tomato juice consumption reduced (P<0·05) plasma malondialdehyde in QR/RR (Δ: −0·073 (sd 0·11) μmol/l) as compared to QQ subjects (Δ:+0·047 (sd 0·13) μmol/l). Carrot juice had no significant effect on malondialdehyde irrespective of the PON1-192 genotype. Male volunteers with the QR/RR genotype showed an increased lipid peroxidation at baseline. Although tomato and carrot juice fail to affect PON1 activity, tomato juice intake reduced lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers carrying the R-allele of the PON1-192 genotype and could thus contribute to CVD risk reduction in these individuals.

PON1 arylesterase activity, HDL functionality and their correlation in malnourished children

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Mukund Ramchandra Mogarekar ◽  
Mahendrakumar Gajanan Dhabe ◽  
Mayuri Madhukarrao Palmate
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Phenyl Acetate ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Hdl Functionality

Abstract Background The study was done to assess high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and to correlate this with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in malnourished children. It aimed to find the effect of malnutrition on changes in PON1 activity, HDL functionality, lipid profile and lipid hydroperoxide formation. Methods This case control study included 30 malnourished children (up to age 5 years) and 30 healthy controls in the paediatric inpatient department of SRTR Government Medical College Ambajogai, India. Clinically diagnosed cases depending on anthropometric indices were selected. Serum PON1 activity by using phenyl acetate as a substrate, HDL functionality by haemin by its protection on H2O2 and haemin induced LDL oxidation, lipid profile by routine enzymatic methods and lipid hydroperoxide using the FOX2 assay were measured. Results Malnourished children had significantly decreased PON1 activity (106.6 ± 12.74** vs. 132.23 ± 28.49 IU/L), HDL functionality (116.55 ± 8** vs. 132.29 ± 10.9%), total cholesterol (TC) (102.5 ± 16** vs. 116.4 ± 12.65 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (C) (33.41 ± 9.74** vs. 40.55 ± 5.85 mg/dL) and reduced total protein level (5.56 ± 0.91* vs. 6.06 ± 1.055) higher triglycerides (TG) (146.76 ± 34.97* vs. 125.96 ± 17.21 mg/dL) level and total hydroperoxide (TPX) levels (5.568 ± 1.70** vs. 3.22 ± 1.52 μM/L). *p < 0.05 **p < 0.001. PON1 activity (r2 = 0.576) and TC (r2 = 0.567) shows significant positive correlation with HDL functionality. PON1 activity, HDL-C, HDL functionality and TPX shows independent contribution towards malnutrition in children in multivariate and univariate logistic regression. TC lost its significance in multivariate regression. Conclusions Malnutrition leads to decrease in HDL functionality and increase in hydroperoxide levels with a decrease in PON1 activity.

Low paraoxonase activity in type II diabetes mellitus complicated by retinopathy

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti MACKNESS ◽  
Paul N. DURRINGTON ◽  
Bashir ABUASHIA ◽  
Andrew J. M. BOULTON ◽  
Michael I. MACKNESS
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serum Pon1 Activity

Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is located on high-density lipoprotein and has been implicated in the detoxification of organophosphates, and possibly in the prevention of lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein. PON1 has two genetic polymorphisms, both due to amino acid substitutions: one involving glutamine (Q genotype) and arginine (R genotype) at position 192, and the other involving leucine (L genotype) and methionine (M genotype) at position 55. We investigated the effects of these polymorphisms, and of a polymorphism of the PON2 gene at position 310 (Cys/Ser; C and S genotypes respectively), on serum PON1 activity and concentration, plasma lipids and lipoproteins and glycaemic control in 93 individuals with type II diabetes with no complications and in 101 individuals with type II diabetes with retinopathy. Serum PON1 activity in the group with no complications [median 164.1 nmol·min-1·ml-1 (range 8.0–467.8)] was significantly higher than in the group with retinopathy [113.4 nmol·min-1·ml-1 (3.0–414.6)] (P< 0.001), but the serum PON1 concentration was not different between the groups. The gene frequencies of the PON1-55 and PON1-192 polymorphisms and of the PON2-310 polymorphism were not different between the study populations. The PON1-55 and PON1-192 polymorphisms affected PON1 activity in the way described in a previous study of a control group and subjects with type II diabetes. The PON2-310 polymorphism also significantly affected serum PON1. PON1 activity was significantly higher in individuals with the PON2-310 CC genotype in both groups with type II diabetes, and the PON1 concentration was significantly higher in PON2-310 CC homozygotes with no complications than in the group with retinopathy. Neither the PON1-55 nor the PON1-192 polymorphism was correlated with the serum lipid or lipoprotein concentration in either group. In the group with retinopathy (but not the group with no complications), all three PON polymorphisms were correlated with glycaemic control, which was worse for the PON1-55 genotypes in the order MM > LM > LL (P = 0.0032), for the PON1-192 genotypes in the order RR > QR > QQ (P = 0.011) and for the PON2-310 genotypes in the order CC > CS > SS (P = 0.010). Low serum PON1 activity in retinopathy may be related to an increased tendency for lipid peroxidation. Our findings thus raise the possibility that, in retinopathy, the PON2 gene may influence PON1, and that an inter-relationship between the PON1 and PON2 genes may influence glycaemic control in subjects with type II diabetes complicated by retinopathy.

scholarly journals Serum Cystatin C Is a Determinant of Paraoxonase Activity in Hemodialyzed and Renal Transplanted Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Varga ◽  
Ildikó Seres ◽  
Mariann Harangi ◽  
Ferenc Sztanek ◽  
László Asztalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) inhibits LDL-oxidation and atherogenesis, and possesses lactonase activity. Decreased PON1 activity was found in hemodialyzed and renal transplanted patients. Cystatin C plays a protective role in atherosclerosis, and is a new, sensitive marker of renal function. The relationship between these two markers in renal failure has not been investigated.Aims: The goal of this study was to clarify the relationship between PON1 activity, cystatin C and homocysteine in chronic renal failure. We also determined the levels of oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) to characterize lipid peroxidation.Patients and methods: 74 hemodialized (HD), 171 renal transplanted patients (TRX), and 110 healthy controls (C) were involved in the study. PON1 activity and TBARS levels were measured spectrophotometrically. OxLDL level was determined with sandwich ELISA.Results: There was a negative correlation between PON1 activity and cystatin C level. Homocysteine level correlated negatively with PON1 activity, and positively with cystatin C level. OxLDL and TBARS levels were significantly higher in the HD and TRX groups compared to C.Conclusions: Cystatin C may be a good predictive factor not only for homocysteine levels but for the antioxidant status in patients with renal failure and renal transplantation.

scholarly journals Effects of carrot and tomato juice consumption on faecal markers relevant to colon carcinogenesis in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schnäbele ◽  
Karlis Briviba ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
Silvia Roser ◽  
Beatrice L. Pool-Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Β Carotene

High intakes of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of various cancers including colon cancer. A human intervention study with carrot and tomato juice should show whether a diet rich in carotenoids, especially high in β-carotene and lycopene, can modify luminal processes relevant to colon carcinogenesis. In a randomised cross-over trial, twenty-two healthy young men on a low-carotenoid diet consumed 330 ml tomato or carrot juice per d for 2 weeks. Intervention periods were preceded by 2-week depletion phases. At the end of each study period, faeces of twelve volunteers were collected for chemical analyses and use in cell-culture systems. Consumption of carrot juice led to a marked increase of β-carotene and α-carotene in faeces and faecal water, as did lycopene after consumption of tomato juice. In the succeeding depletion phases, carotenoid contents in faeces and faecal water returned to their initial values. Faecal water showed high dose-dependent cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29). These effects were not markedly changed by carrot and tomato juice consumption. Neither bile acid concentrations nor activities of the bacterial enzymes β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase in faecal water changed after carrot and tomato juice consumption. Faecal water pH decreased only after carrot juice consumption. SCFA were probably not responsible for this effect, as SCFA concentrations and profiles did not change significantly. In summary, in the present study, 2-week interventions with carotenoid-rich juices led only to minor changes in investigated luminal biomarkers relevant to colon carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Tomato juice decreases LDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL resistance to oxidation

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Leena Silaste ◽  
Georg Alfthan ◽  
Antti Aro ◽  
Y. Antero Kesäniemi ◽  
Sohvi Hörkkö
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Β Carotene

High dietary intakes of tomato products are often associated with a reduced risk of CVD, but the atheroprotective mechanisms have not been established. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increased dietary intake of tomato products on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation. The diet intervention included a baseline period, a 3-week low tomato diet (no tomato products allowed) and a 3-week high tomato diet (400 ml tomato juice and 30 mg tomato ketchup daily). Twenty-one healthy study subjects participated in the study. Total cholesterol concentration was reduced by 5·9 (sd10) % (P = 0·002) and LDL cholesterol concentration by 12·9 (sd17·0) % (P = 0·0002) with the high tomato diet compared to the low tomato diet. The changes in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations correlated significantly with the changes in serum lycopene (r0·56,P = 0·009;r0·60,P = 0·004, total and LDL, respectively), β-carotene (r0·58,P = 0·005;r0·70,P < 0·001) and γ-carotene concentrations (r0·64,P = 0·002;r0·64,P = 0·002). The level of circulating LDL to resist formation of oxidized phospholipids increased 13 % (P = 0·02) in response to the high tomato diet. In conclusion, a high dietary intake of tomato products had atheroprotective effects, it significantly reduced LDL cholesterol levels, and increased LDL resistance to oxidation in healthy normocholesterolaemic adults. These atheroprotective features associated with changes in serum lycopene, β-carotene and γ-carotene levels.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Activity and LDL Oxidation in Wistar Rats during Their Entire Lifespan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Considerable Impact

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL bound enzyme which plays a key role in the protection of LDL and HDL from oxidation by hydrolyzing activated phospholipids and lipid peroxide products. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis by oxidation of LDL. This study was conducted to determine age-dependent changes in plasma PON1 arylesterase activity and LDL oxidation in rats during their entire lifespan. 48 Wistar strain rats were grouped in six different age groups (1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months). We observe a significant (P<0.001) age-dependent decrease in plasma PON1 arylesterase activity correlating with increase in susceptibility of LDL oxidation and increase in plasma MDA level concomitantly with a significant (P<0.001) decrease in plasma radical scavenging activity after 8 months. The reduction of PON1 and free radical scavenging activity with age could have a considerable impact on the increased incidence of atherosclerosis with age. Our observation of a significant decline in PON1 activity which correlates with increased LDL oxidation after 8 months of age is an interesting observation and needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Modulation of human T-lymphocyte functions by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
Birgit R. Brandstetter ◽  
Gerhard Rechkemmer
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Β Carotene

A human intervention study was conducted to determine the effect of the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables on the immune system. Subjects, (twenty-three men), who were non-smokers, were not restricted in their daily diet, except that they had to abstain from fruit and vegetables high in carotenoids throughout the whole study period. The study was divided into four periods, each lasting 2 weeks: weeks 1–2: low-carotenoid period; throughout weeks 3–8: daily consumption of 330 ml tomato juice (40 mg lycopene/d, 1·5 mg β-carotene/d) (weeks 3–4), 330 ml carrot juice (21·6 mg β-carotene/d, 15·7 mg α-carotene/d, 0·5 mg lutein/d) (weeks 5–6), 10 g dried spinach powder (11·3 mg lutein/d, 3·1 mg β-carotene/d) (weeks 7–8). Blood was collected weekly from subjects after a 12 h fast. T-lymphocyte functions were assessed by measuring proliferation and secretion of immunoreactive cytokines. The consumption of a low-carotenoid diet resulted in a significantly reduced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with concanavalin A. After 2 weeks of tomato juice consumption and until the end of the intervention period lymphocyte proliferation was not significantly changed compared with proliferation at the end of the depletion period. Secretion of cytokines by T-helper-1-like lymphocytes (interleukin (IL)-2) and by T-helper-2-like lymphocytes (IL-4) was influenced by the dietary intervention. IL-2 and IL-4 secretion values were significantly suppressed after the low-carotenoid diet (P <0·001 and P < 0·05 respectively compared with baseline). Tomato juice consumption significantly enhanced IL-2 (P < 0·001) and IL-4 secretion (P < 0·05) compared with the end of depletion period. After carrot juice and spinach powder consumption the cytokine secretion capacity of PBMC was not significantly different from that at the end of the depletion period. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that a low-carotenoid diet reduces T-lymphocyte functions and addition of tomato juice restores these functions. This modulation could not be explained by changes in the plasma carotenoid concentrations. The active constituents in tomato juice as well as the biological significance of this immunomodulation remain to be determined.

Capacity of peroxyl radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β-carotene, lycopene, and commercial tomato juice

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Takashima ◽  
Mototada Shichiri ◽  
Yoshihisa Hagihara ◽  
Yasukazu Yoshida ◽  
Etsuo Niki
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Β Carotene

Participation of singlet oxygen in ultraviolet-a-induced lipid peroxidation in mouse skin and its inhibition by dietary β-carotene: an ex vivo study

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1854-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Bando ◽  
Hiroki Hayashi ◽  
Saori Wakamatsu ◽  
Takahiro Inakuma ◽  
Mariko Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Β Carotene

Spectral in vivo signature of carotenoids in visible light diffuse reflectance from skin in comparison to ex vivo absorption spectra

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Andree ◽  
Carina Reble ◽  
Jürgen Helfmann
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Thermal Light ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Reflectance Data ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractTo increase the carotenoid concentration in skin by drinking carrot juice to generate an optical response and to determine anThe first author of the presented study consumed carrot juice over a period of several weeks and during this time regularly performed optical reflection measurements on his palm. The spectroscopic measurements were carried out with a fiber-based sensor using a thermal light source. Absorption coefficients have been deduced from the diffuse reflectance data. Measurements were also performed on a β-carotene solution, on carrot juice and its extracted carotenoids. The correlation coefficient between carrot juice intake in liters and the optical skin signal was used to select an optimal wavelength for carotenoid detection (493 nm).AnDetection of carotenoids in skin is possible by diffuse reflectance measurements with a simple spectroscopic optical setup, as it is described in this article. As found by comparing different publications, several geometries for illumination and detection support carotenoid quantification. However, the fiber probe described here is not limited to carotenoid detection and it does not need arrangement of several optical elements such as lenses, mirrors or apertures and therefore requiring less effort for development. To eliminate the interference of hemoglobin, the authors suggest the combination of pressure and the described software method. Other publications have reported hemoglobin interference with respect to

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