Phytophthora austrocedri.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Green
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Abstract Phytophthora austrocedri is a soil and water-borne oomycete pathogen of woody species residing within the Cupressaceae. Its centre of origin is unknown. It was first reported causing widespread dieback and mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis in southern Argentina in 2007 and subsequently reported causing extensive dieback and mortality of Juniperus communis in northern Britain. The pathogen is considered to be invasive in both regions due to the clonal nature of the populations and recently observed disease epidemics. In addition to the two established wider-environment epidemics in Argentina and Britain, P. austrocedri has been isolated from a young Juniperus horizontalis growing in a plant nursery in Germany and from an ornamental Cupressus sempervirens located in a public park in northern Iran. P. austrocedri infects phloem in the roots and stem bases of affected hosts, with aerial infections also reported on J. communis in Britain. Natural spread is likely to occur via movement in water and soil, and possibly via animal and/or human activity. The presence of water courses and areas of standing water are likely to favour pathogen spread at a site. In Britain, DNA of P. austrocedri has been confirmed as present in traded plants of various Cupressaceae species, including those imported from continental Europe. The pathogen is a regulated pest in the plant trade in the UK.

scholarly journals Phytophthora austrocedri.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Green
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Abstract Phytophthora austrocedri is a soil and water-borne oomycete pathogen of woody species residing within the Cupressaceae. Its centre of origin is unknown. It was first reported causing widespread dieback and mortality of Austrocedrus chilensis in southern Argentina in 2007 and subsequently reported causing extensive dieback and mortality of Juniperus communis in northern Britain. The pathogen is considered to be invasive in both regions due to the clonal nature of the populations and recently observed disease epidemics. In addition to the two established wider-environment epidemics in Argentina and Britain, P. austrocedri has been isolated from a young Juniperus horizontalis growing in a plant nursery in Germany and from an ornamental Cupressus sempervirens located in a public park in northern Iran. P. austrocedri infects phloem in the roots and stem bases of affected hosts, with aerial infections also reported on J. communis in Britain. Natural spread is likely to occur via movement in water and soil, and possibly via animal and/or human activity. The presence of water courses and areas of standing water are likely to favour pathogen spread at a site. In Britain, DNA of P. austrocedri has been confirmed as present in traded plants of various Cupressaceae species, including those imported from continental Europe. The pathogen is a regulated pest in the plant trade in the UK.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

scholarly journals Deploying a new realtime XRootD-v5 based monitoring framework for GridPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02052
Author(s):  
Robert Currie ◽  
Wenlong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
Site Administrators ◽  
Distributed Caching ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
New Framework

To optimise the performance of distributed compute, smaller lightweight storage caches are needed which integrate with existing grid computing workflows. A good solution to provide lightweight storage caches is to use an XRootD-proxy cache. To support distributed lightweight XRootD proxy services across GridPP we have developed a centralised monitoring framework. With the v5 release of XRootD it is possible to build a monitoring framework which collects distributed caching metadata broadcast from multiple sites. To provide the best support for these distributed caches we have built a centralised monitoring service for XRootD storage instances within GridPP. This monitoring solution is built upon experiences presented by CMS in setting up a similar service as part of their AAA system. This new framework is designed to provide remote monitoring of the behaviour, performance, and reliability of distributed XRootD services across the UK. Effort has been made to simplify ease of deployment by remote site administrators. The result of this work is an interactive dashboard system which enables administrators to access real-time metrics on the performance of their lightweight storage systems. This monitoring framework is intended to supplement existing functionality and availability testing metrics by providing detailed information and logging from a site perspective.

scholarly journals Urban Dendroflora of the Macedonia Park in the City of Skopje, North Macedonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Martina Shotaroska ◽  
Bojan Simovski ◽  
Tomcho Nikolovski ◽  
Katerina Chonevska ◽  
Ivan Minčev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum

Subject of research in this article is the urban dendroflora of the Macedonia Park, situated on about 50,000 m2 in the Macedonian capital city of Skopje, i.e., identification and presence of the recent woody plants. Thus, observed are morphological and ecological features of the woody plants and their current state in this urban environment. The investigation relates to a seven-year period (since the establishment of the Park in 2012 up to late 2019). After the field research and the inventorisation of the woody plants in the Park, 82 taxa were identified, represented in 1,318 individuals. Most represented tree species is the hybrid Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. with 103 individuals (7.81% of the overall urban dendroflora). Most frequent tree including infraspecific taxa is Fraxinus excelsior L. (including F. e. ‘Globosa’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’, and F. e. ‘Pendula’) with a total number of 146 individuals (11.08%). Concerning other growth form, the mini and small tree roses of hybrid Rosa Floribunda Group outnumber all ornamental woody species with 225 bushes (17.07%). Climbers are represented with 3 taxa (3.66% of identified taxa) in pergolas (Wisteria sinensis /Sims/ Sweet, Parthenocissus quinquefolia /L./ Planch.), and wire cage topiary (Hedera helix L.). Likewise, 87 individuals (6.60%) of 10 species (12.19%) occur as remnants of the greening in the past of which 3 species are used as a green core of a small sacral architecture: Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon (with 10 trees), Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (3), and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (1). In general, the urban dendroflora is properly selected and used for greening, although certain species and individuals are withering (e.g. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’, Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’) or unsuitably used for avenue and in small alpine-like garden.

scholarly journals Re-Assembling Anti-Oppressive Practice (1): The Personal, the Political, the Professional

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Janet Batsleer
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
Work Spaces ◽  
Informal Educators ◽  
Paolo Freire ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site ◽  
Uk Higher Education

This essay offers a broken narrative concerning the early history of anti-oppressive practice as an approach in the U.K. to youth and community work and the struggles over this in the context of UK higher education between the 1960′s and the early 2000’s. Educating informal educators as youth and community workers in the UK has been a site of contestation. Aspects of a genealogy of that struggle are presented in ways which link publicly available histories with personal memories and narratives, through the use of a personal archive developed through collective memory work. These are chosen to illuminate the links between theory and practice: on the one hand, the conceptual field which has framed the education of youth and community workers, whose sources lie in the academic disciplines of education and sociology, and, on the other hand, the social movements which have formed the practice of informal educators. Six have been chosen: (1) The long 1968: challenging approaches to authority; (2) the group as a source of learning; (3) The personal and political: experiential learning from discontent; (4) Paolo Freire and Critical Praxis; (5) A critical break in social education and the reality of youth work spaces as defensive spaces; (6) New managerialism: ethics vs. paper trails. The approach taken, of linking memory work with present struggles, is argued to be a generative form for current critical and enlivening practice.

scholarly journals Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Ctenophora, Mollusca

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diva Amon ◽  
Amanda Ziegler ◽  
Jeffrey Drazen ◽  
Andrei Grischenko ◽  
Astrid Leitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Threatened Habitat ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

There is growing interest in mining polymetallic nodules from the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Despite having been the focus of environmental studies for decades, the benthic megafauna of the CCZ remain poorly known. To predict and manage the environmental impacts of mining in the CCZ, baseline knowledge of the megafauna is essential. The ABYSSLINE Project has conducted benthic biological baseline surveys in the UK Seabed Resources Ltd polymetallic-nodule exploration contract area (UK-1). Prior to ABYSSLINE research cruises in 2013 and 2015, no biological studies had been done in this area of the eastern CCZ. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (as well as several other pieces of equipment), the megafauna within the UK Seabed Resources Ltd exploration contract area (UK-1) and at a site ~250 km east of the UK-1 area were surveyed, allowing us to make the first estimates of megafaunal morphospecies richness from the imagery collected. Here, we present an atlas of the abyssal annelid, arthropod, bryozoan, chordate, ctenophore and molluscan megafauna observed and collected during the ABYSSLINE cruises to the UK-1 polymetallic-nodule exploration contract area in the CCZ. There appear to be at least 55 distinct morphospecies (8 Annelida, 12 Arthropoda, 4 Bryozoa, 22 Chordata, 5 Ctenophora, and 4 Mollusca) identified mostly by morphology but also using molecular barcoding for a limited number of animals that were collected. This atlas will aid the synthesis of megafaunal presence/absence data collected by contractors, scientists and other stakeholders undertaking work in the CCZ, ultimately helping to decipher the biogeography of the megafauna in this threatened habitat.

A laboratory study of the erosion and transport of cohesive-like sediment mixtures in sewers

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Tait ◽  
Peter J. Rushforth ◽  
Adrian J. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sediment Mixtures ◽  
Initial Results

Surveys of sewers in the UK have indicated that many sewer systems have significant in-sewer deposits. Many of these existing combined sewers have been constructed at such a gradient and experience such a range of hydraulic conditions that over a period of time they experience repeated phases of sediment deposition, erosion and transport. Deposition of sediment in sewers with its consequent loss of discharge capacity can lead to the surcharging of sewerage systems and the premature operation of combined sewer overflows. The sudden erosion and transport of large quantities of deposited in-sewer sediments during periods of increased flow can significantly contribute to the pollution load imposed on receiving water courses and sewerage treatment plants. It is therefore important not only to be able to estimate the hydraulic performance of sewers but also the conditions under which significant erosion of deposited sediments occur. This paper reports on the rationale behind and the initial results from a laboratory study which aims to investigate the erosion and transport of “cohesive-like” sediment mixtures in controlled laboratory conditions. The choice of the sediments used was aimed at representing the characteristics of sewer sediment mixtures found in the field. These deposits have been found to exhibit a significant degree of cohesion not found in previously studied granular sediment beds.

scholarly journals From influence to impact: The multifunctional land use in Mediterranean prehistory emerging from palynology of archaeological sites (8.0-2.8 ka BP)

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Francesc Burjachs ◽  
Marco Giardini ◽  
Katerina Kouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Multifunctional Land Use ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mixed Systems

Archaeobotany is used to discover details on local land uses in prehistoric settlements developed during the middle and beginning of late Holocene. Six archaeological sites from four countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey) have pollen and charcoal records showing clear signs of the agrarian systems that had developed in the Mediterranean basin during different cultural phases, from pre-Neolithic to Recent Bronze Age. A selected list of pollen taxa and sums, including cultivated trees, other woody species, crops and annual or perennial synanthropic plants are analysed for land use reconstructions. In general, cultivation has a lower image in palynology than forestry, and past land uses became visible when oakwoods were affected by human activities. On-site palynology allows us to recognise the first influence of humans even before it can be recognised in off-site sequences, and off-site sequences can allow us to determine the area of influence of a site. Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites show similar land use dynamics implying oak exploitation, causing local deforestation, and cultivation of cereal fields in the area or around the site. Although a substantial difference makes the Neolithic influence quite distant from the Bronze Age impact, mixed systems of land exploitation emerged everywhere. Multiple land use activities exist (multifunctional landscapes) at the same time within the area of influence of a site. Since the Neolithic, people have adopted a diffuse pattern of land use involving a combination of diverse activities, using trees–crops–domesticated animals. The most recurrent combination included wood exploitation, field cultivation and animal breeding. The lesson from the past is that the multifunctional land use, combining sylvo-pastoral and crop farming mixed systems, has been widely adopted for millennia, being more sustainable than the monoculture and a promising way to develop our economy.

Introduction: Exploring Parent Abuse – Building Knowledge across Disciplines

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hunter ◽  
Judy Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Parent Abuse ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Academic Recognition ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

There is an extensive body of literature on the ways in which the family home is often a site of conflict and discord rather than security and safety. Much of this work has focussed on the problem of domestic violence perpetrated by adults and how the state should respond to it (Home Office, 2009). Another form of family violence however, that of the abuse of parents (or those occupying a parental role) by their adolescent children, has not received such public (or academic) recognition (Hunteret al., 2010). In the UK, the issue of parent abuse remains one of the most unacknowledged and under-researched form of family violence.

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