Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany).

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1079/fc.22843.20210115194 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽

Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerant ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Paper Making ◽

Large Tree ◽

Cool Temperate ◽

Plantation Species ◽

Shelter Belts ◽

The Usa ◽

Water Catchment

Abstract E. robusta is a medium to large tree and is capable of rapid early growth in suitable environments. This species has a broad environmental amplitude, and is planted widely outside of Australia in equatorial to cool temperate regions. E. robusta is best known as a plantation species in the Madagascar highlands, but also in the USA (Hawaii, Florida, California) and Central America (Puerto Rico). E. robusta may tolerate adverse conditions and is especially useful on sites subject to prolonged flooding. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is often used as a shade tree, an ornamental, in shelter belts and in water catchment rehabilitation. The wood of E. robusta is a good fuel and is commonly used for charcoal production. It is durable and is used in the round for posts and poles. Sawn timber can be used for general construction but requires kiln-seasoning to avoid degradation during drying. It is possible to use E. robusta as a source of pulpwood for paper making but other eucalypts are usually preferred.

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Plays from a Marxist Perspective: Interpretations and Misinterpretations of Dario Fo

New Theatre Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0266464x17000094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 188-193

Author(s):

R. G. Davis

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Bertolt Brecht ◽

The Political ◽

Accidental Death ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Political Situation ◽

Dario Fo ◽

The Usa ◽

Epic Theatre ◽

The 1960S

R. G. Davis directed the first commercial productions of Dario Fo's Accidental Death of an Anarchist and We Won't Pay We Won't Pay!, both in Canada and the USA. In the context of the original close relevance of the plays to the political situation in Italy, he looks at how in the USA especially their force has been diluted if not extinguished by the imperative to conform to the inherent anti-communsm of American culture. R. G.Davis founded and directed the San Francisco Mime Troupe in the 1960s, and the Epic West Center for the Study of Bertolt Brecht and Epic Theatre at Berkeley in 1975. Later he returned to academia to study science and ecology, and visited Cuba to examine the culture of organic farming. He has contributed previously to New Theatre Quarterly and its predecessor, specifically on Fo in two articles for the original Theatre Quarterly: ‘Seven Anarchists I Have Known: American Approaches to Dario Fo’, in TQ 8 (1986), and ‘Dario Fo Off-Broadway: the Making of Left Culture under Adverse Conditions’, in TQ 40 (1981).

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Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum).

10.1079/fc.22680.20210113789 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Praciak

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Plantation Species ◽

Timber Products ◽

Heavy Construction ◽

Blue Gum

Abstract Eucalyptus globulus varies from a multi-stemmed shrub on exposed sites to a very tall forest tree, 70-80 m tall, with a large open crown or a medium-sized woodland tree to 20 m. Although found mainly in Tasmania, it also occurs in southern Victoria. The wood is strong and moderately durable and is used for light and heavy construction and regarded as being excellent for cellulose and paper manufacture. It is slightly to moderately salt-tolerant (Marcar et al., 1995). Production from plantation-grown trees is mainly for pulpwood, but also for other timber products. It is an important plantation species in Australia and has experienced outstanding success as an exotic in many countries, with over 1 million ha of plantations established (Eldridge et al., 1993). The species is grown extensively on the Iberian Peninsula, Yunnan province in China and in Chile, for timber, pulp and oil production. The essential oil of E. globulus has dominated the market for cineole-rich oils since soon after the inception of the industry in 1852 (Doran and Saunders, 1993).

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Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar).

10.1079/fc.11975.20210114102 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nick Pasiecznik

Keyword(s):

Cedrela Odorata ◽

Natural Distribution ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Large Tree ◽

Ornamental Tree ◽

Plantation Species ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Spanish Cedar ◽

The Tropics

Abstract C. odorata is a large tree up to 40 m tall and 2 m in diameter which produces a light-weight timber. Its natural distribution range is confined to the New World, extending from northern Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean. It is widely planted throughout the tropics and its timber is well known for its use in cigar boxes and a broad range of other products, including musical instruments. It is also occasionally planted for shade and used as an ornamental tree on roadsides and in parks. C. odorata has great potential as a plantation species, due to its fast growing and timber producing characteristics. It is also used as an agroforestry species in cocoa and coffee plantations (Lemmens et al., 1995). C. odorata is highly vulnerable to attack by shoot borers (Hypsipyla spp.), whose larvae damage seedlings and saplings. There is some evidence that infestation can be controlled by planting C.odorata with other species, such as Leucaena leucocephala, Neolamarckia cadamba or (under light shade) with Eucalyptus deglupta (Lemmens et al., 1995).

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Screening of protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase from the salt-tolerant and thermostable marine Bacillus subtilis strain SR60

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16542.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1704 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bruno Oliveira de Veras ◽

Yago Queiroz dos Santos ◽

Katharina Marquez Diniz ◽

Gabriela Silva Campos Carelli ◽

Elizeu Antunes dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

High Salinity ◽

Subtilis Strain ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Brazil Strain

Background:The marine environment harbours different microorganisms that inhabit niches with adverse conditions, such as temperature variation, pressure and salinity. To survive these particular conditions, marine bacteria use unique metabolic and biochemical features, producing enzymes that may have industrial value.Methods:The aim of this study was to observe the production of multiple thermoenzymes and haloenzymes, including protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase, from bacterial strains isolated from coral reefs Cabo Branco, Paraiba State, Brazil. Strain SR60 was identified by the phylogenetic analysis to beBacillus subtilisthrough a 16S ribosomal RNA assay. To screening of multiples enzymesB. subtilisSR60 was inoculated in differential media to elicit the production of extracellular enzymes with the addition of a range of salt concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 M NaCl).Results:The screening showed a capacity of production of halotolerant protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase and thermostable by the isolate (identified asB. subtilisSR60). Protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase production were limited to 1.5, 1.5, 1.0 and 1.25 M NaCl, respectively.Conclusions:Bacillus subtilisSR60 was shown in this study be capable of producing protease, cellulase, amylase and xylanase when submitted to a high salinity environment. These data demonstrate the halophytic nature of SR60 and its ability to produce multiples enzymes.

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The effect of winter length on duration of dormancy and survival of specialized herbivorous Rhagoletis fruit flies from high elevation environments with acyclic climatic variability

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485317000979 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 461-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Rull ◽

E. Tadeo ◽

R. Lasa ◽

M. Aluja

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

High Elevation ◽

Species Group ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Fruiting Phenology ◽

The Usa ◽

Northeastern Mexico ◽

Prolonged Dormancy

AbstractDormancy can be defined as a state of suppressed development allowing insects to cope with adverse conditions and plant phenology. Among specialized herbivorous insects exploiting seasonal resources, diapause frequently evolves as a strategy to adjust to predictable plant seasonal cycles. To cope with acyclic and unpredictable climatic events, it has been found for some insects that a proportion of the population undergoes prolonged dormancy. We compared the response of three species in the Rhagoletis cingulata species group exploiting plants differing in fruiting phenology from environments varying in frequency and timing of acyclic climatic catastrophic events (frost during flowering and fruit set) and varying also in the time of the onset of the rainy season. Small proportions (<2%) of Central and Northeastern Mexico R. cingulata and Rhagoletis turpiniae, and a few associated adult parasitoids, emerged without becoming dormant. Pupae exposed to 5°C for different periods of time (0–16 weeks) became dormant and emerged as adults in proportions <30%, compared with other studied species in the group from the USA (up to 80%). Large proportions (19–55%) of exposed pupae entered prolonged dormancy (>10 months), and large proportions of pupae died without emerging as adults. The number of days elapsed from the end of artificial winter and adult eclosion was longer for R. cingulata exploiting late fruiting Prunus serotina in Northeastern Mexico than for flies recovered from earlier fruiting plants in the central Altiplano. Rhagoletis turpiniae and northeastern R. cingulata pupae suffered high proportions of parasitism. Large proportions of R. cingulata from central Mexico engaging in prolonged dormancy may be explained by the fact that flowering and fruit set for its host, P. serotina var capuli, driven by the timing of maximum precipitation, matches a period of highest probability of frost often resulting in large areas with fruitless trees at unpredictable time intervals. As a consequence of differences in host plant fruiting phenology, central and northeastern Mexican R. cingulata were found to be allochronically isolated. Prolonged dormancy may have resulted in escape from parasitism.

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New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. L. GRAEFF ◽

J.P. KOCIOLEK ◽

S.R. RUSHFORTH

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Genera ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Pennate Diatom ◽

Additional Species ◽

Blue Lake ◽

The Usa ◽

Diatom Genus ◽

Warm Springs ◽

Recreational Scuba

Blue Lake Warm Springs is a system of brackish lakes and marshes in western Utah, USA with a unique diatom flora that has been previously documented. Here we reexamine select taxa in greater detail, erecting two new genera and six new species from this system, and describing two additional species not observed in prior studies of the Blue Lake flora. Naviculonema stagnora gen. nov., sp. nov. and Williamsella angusta gen. nov., sp. nov are a new naviculoid genus and new pennate diatom genus lacking a raphe, respectively. Other new species of diatoms from Blue Lake Warm Springs, representing a broad range of diatom diversity, are Cyclotella utahensis sp. nov., Ulnaria tooelensis sp. nov., Pseudostaurosira moralesii sp. nov., Envekadea vanlandinghamii sp. nov., Mastogloia variabilis sp. nov., and Lunella excentrica sp. nov. The report of Envekadea is the first of the genus from inland USA waters, and the report of Lunella is the first from the USA. In addition to describing new taxa in this study, we also closely examine two known taxa, Fallacia pseudolitoricola and Nitzschia vitrea, with scanning electron microscopy, in order to better understand their morphology and biogeography. Presence of euryhaline or salt tolerant taxa in this inland ecosystem may be due to introductions by humans, either via escaped aquaculture species or transport by recreational SCUBA diving.

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