scholarly journals Mediterranean diet and overall mortality differences in the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Trichopoulos ◽  
Pagona Lagiou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Overall Mortality

AbstractObjective:To assess whether the Mediterranean diet contributes to overall mortality differences and trends between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean European Union (EU) countries.Design:Routinely recorded adjusted overall mortality and food availability data in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean EU countries. A Mediterranean diet score designed a priori was used as instrument.Setting:Fifteen EU countries in the 1960s and the 1990s.Subjects:The general population in the 15 EU countries.Results:The difference between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean EU countries in a 7-point Mediterranean diet score was reduced from 2.9 in the 1960s to 1.6 in the 1990s. This reduction may underlie the reduction in the difference in general mortality between these countries, from about 100 deaths per 100 000 person-years in the early 1970s to about 50 deaths per 100 000 person-years in the 1990s.Conclusions:The decline in overall mortality in the 15 EU countries over the last 25 years is probably unrelated to diet. However, the gradual loss of the survival advantage of Mediterranean EU citizens, compared with other EU citizens, may be linked to the gradual abandonment by the former of their dietary traditions.

scholarly journals Measuring Entrepreneurial Orientation of University Employees in Developing Countries Using the ENTRE-U Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Tatarski ◽  
Sandra Brkanlić ◽  
Javier Sanchez Garcia ◽  
Edgar Breso Esteve ◽  
Ivana Brkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

This research examines the difference in the level of entrepreneurial orientation among university employees within the European Union compared to university employees in non-EU countries. The EU Member States included in the research are the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, and the non-EU countries include the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Northern Macedonia. In the sample of 1474 respondents, the ENTRE-U scale was used to measure the entrepreneurial orientation of universities, and multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance was used for data processing. The ENTRE-U scale has proven applicable not only to developed countries but also developing countries. Moreover, it proved that being a member of the European Union in this part of Eastern Europe does not significantly affect the entrepreneurial orientation of universities.

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood respiratory and atopic outcomes: birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1901215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Bédard ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
A. John Henderson ◽  
Seif O. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Diet Score

Evidence for associations between Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergy and related outcomes is conflicting. Few cohorts have followed children to school age, and none have considered lung function.In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we analysed associations between maternal Mediterranean diet score during pregnancy (estimated by a food frequency questionnaire, using an a priori defined score adapted to pregnant women; score ranging from 0 (low adherence) to 7 (high adherence)) and current doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheeze, eczema, hay fever, atopy and lung function in 8907 children at 7–9 years. Interaction between maternal Mediterranean diet and maternal smoking in pregnancy was investigated.The maternal Mediterranean diet score was not associated with asthma or other allergic outcomes. Weak positive associations were found between maternal Mediterranean diet score and childhood maximal mid-expiratory flow (forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25–75%)) after controlling for confounders. Higher Mediterranean diet scores were associated with increased FEF25–75% z-scores adjusted for age, height and sex (β 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.12; p=0.03, comparing a score of 4–7 versus a score of 0–3). Stratifying associations by maternal smoking during pregnancy showed that associations with FEF25–75% were only seen in children of never-/passive-smoking mothers, but no evidence for a statistically significant interaction was found.Results suggest adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy may be associated with increased small airway function in childhood, but we found no evidence for a reduced risk of asthma or other allergic outcomes.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF THE ABBREVIATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL AND PAEDAGOGICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
N. V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Important Means ◽  
The Difference ◽  
English Competence ◽  
The Eu

Translation of professional vocabulary forms the basis of scientific translation, is an important means of intercultural communication, and constantly attracts the attention of researchers, actualization of the issue of foreign language scientific communication and cooperation. Of particular relevance is the acquisition of the process of comparative studies that provide an analytical component in the description and description of two or more educational systems, and therefore an important role is played by the English competence of the researcher. The study presents the peculiarities of the translation of abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations and institutions of the EU countries. The author established that the abbreviations of pedagogical subjects can be divided into three main groups: the names of organizations, structures, documents; abbreviations used to indicate the educational process and related methodological and methodological terms; reductions used in professional communication between educators, academics and practitioners. Since the uniqueness of stable phrases. The study also found that the main features of the translation of abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations of the European Union are: transformation by adding or lowering words, differences in the use of singular and plural in the English and Ukrainian languages, the difference between the translation of individual abstract concepts, the names of individual educational organizations , names of some organizations that carry out educational policy and influence the specifics of the functioning of educational institutions, differences in the expression of collective concepts. The author determines that the best ways of translating abbreviations of educational and pedagogical organizations of the European Union into the Ukrainian language are: translation of the corresponding full form of a word or phrase, direct borrowing method, descriptive method, transcoding of the abbreviation.

scholarly journals The geographic distribution of Knowledge Economy (KE) within the European Union (EU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrazad Hadad
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries

Abstract The business environment is reshaped by knowledge economy which has taken both competitiveness and doing business to a whole new level. Because knowledge economy plays a key role in the creation of welfare it has been classified as an important reliable indicator for comparing world’s economies. The present paper highlights the geographic distribution of knowledge economy at the level of the European Union by means of factorial analysis. Factor analysis, a well-known statistical clustering technique, has been applied on the 28 EU countries (seen in our study as random variables) with an a priori fixed number of two factors. On each variable, the realisations are given by the scores (normalized between 0 and 1) registered for year 2012 on 12 key Knowledge Economy (KE) indices. The resulting factor structure is compared to the standard geographical grouping of EU countries (NorthWest-SouthEast) in present KE literature. SPSS software has been used for the statistical analysis. The highest correlations attained were in terms of the Global Competitiveness Index, World Happiness Index, R&D expenses signifying that they could also act as predictors in evaluating the status of the knowledge economy of a particular country, whereas weaker correlations can be spotted for enterprises selling online, electric energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and others. In the future, the same relationship can be tested to see whether the influences have changed, in the light of new available data.

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet in pregnancy is protective for wheeze and atopy in childhood

Thorax ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Chatzi ◽  
M Torrent ◽  
I Romieu ◽  
R Garcia-Esteban ◽  
C Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diet Score

Introduction:Dietary intake of specific nutrients or food groups during pregnancy could play a role in the risk of asthma and atopy in offspring, but specific dietary patterns have not been implicated. The authors evaluated the impact of maternal (during pregnancy) and child adherence to a Mediterranean diet on asthma and atopy in childhood.Methods:Women presenting for antenatal care at all general practices in Menorca, a Mediterranean island in Spain, over a 12 month period starting in mid-1997 were recruited. 460 children were included in the analysis after 6.5 years of follow-up. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and children’s dietary intake at age 6.5 years were assessed by food frequency questionnaires, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet was evaluated by a priori defined scores. During follow-up, parents completed questionnaires on the child’s respiratory and allergic symptoms. Children underwent skin prick tests with six common aeroallergens.Results:The prevalence rates of persistent wheeze, atopic wheeze and atopy at age 6.5 years were 13.2%, 5.8% and 17.0%, respectively. One-third (36.1%) of mothers had a low quality Mediterranean diet during pregnancy according to the Mediterranean Diet Score, while the rest had a high score. A high Mediterranean Diet Score during pregnancy (at two levels, using “low” score as the reference) was found to be protective for persistent wheeze (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58), atopic wheeze (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.90) and atopy (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.97) at age 6.5 years after adjusting for potential confounders. Childhood adherence to a Mediterranean diet was negatively associated with persistent wheeze and atopy although the associations did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion:These results support a protective effect of a high level of adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy against asthma-like symptoms and atopy in childhood.

scholarly journals POVERTY AS A HETEROGENEITY FACTOR IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Vesna Janković-Milić ◽  
Vinko Lepojević ◽  
Jelena Stanković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

Measuring poverty is of utmost importance for any economy in order to look at the extent and causes of the vulnerability of the population, but also to formulate social and economic policy measures and measure their effects. The multidimensionality of poverty makes it difficult to quantify and measure it. The subject of research is the components of the AROPE (At risk of poverty and social exclusion) indicator in the countries of the European Union (EU). Using the cluster analysis, the EU countries were grouped into homogeneous units, after which the significance of the difference in the average values of the analyzed indicators was tested. Based on the obtained results, the hypothesis of pronounced heterogeneity of EU countries from the aspect of poverty was confirmed.

scholarly journals Are the advantages of the Mediterranean diet transferable to other populations? A cohort study in Melbourne, Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigone Kouris-Blazos ◽  
Charalambos Gnardellis ◽  
Mark L. Wahlqvist ◽  
Dimitrios Trichopoulos ◽  
Widjaja Lukito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Traditional Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Overall Mortality

A prospective cohort study, involving 141 Anglo-Celts and 189 Greek-Australians of both sexes aged 70 years or more, was undertaken in Melbourne, Australia. The objective was to evaluate whether adherence to the principles of the Mediterranean diet affects survival of elderly people in developed non-Mediterranean countries. Diet was assessed using an extensive validated questionnaire on food intake. A one unit increase in a diet score, devised a priori on the basis of eight key features of the traditional common diet in the Mediterranean region, was associated with a 17 % reduction in overall mortality (two-tailed P value 0·07). Mortality reduction with increasing diet score was at least as evident among Anglo-Celts as among Greek-Australians. We conclude that a diet that adheres to the principles of the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with longer survival among Australians of either Greek or Anglo-Celtic origin.

scholarly journals Factors of uneven progress of the European Union countries towards a circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-344
Author(s):  
Maxim Polyakov ◽  
Igor Khanin ◽  
Vladimir Bilozubenko ◽  
Maxim Korneyev ◽  
Gennadij Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
Harmonic Means ◽  
The Eu

The increased final consumption exacerbates the problem of the scarcity of natural resources and leads to environmental pollution. The concept of circular economy, which implies the formation of closed-loop chains of production and consumption with maximum regeneration and recycling of materials, is considered as an alternative to the firmly established “linear economy” (take-make-dispose). As a part of sustainable development strategy, the European Union adopted a general policy on the transition to a circular economy. However, for objective reasons, such transition is quite uneven at the level of member countries, which adversely affects the total progress. Therefore, the need arises to assess the positions of individual countries and identify major reasons for the uneven transition to support the countries that are lagging.The goal of the study is to identify the factors of uneven progress of the EU countries towards a circular economy. For that reason, a set of empirical data (20 indicators) has been compiled; cluster, classification, and parametric analyses have been conducted. As a result, three clusters of the EU countries have been obtained and six indicators, included into combinations that make all clusters different, have been identified. These indicators can be interpreted as the key factors contributing to the uneven progress of the EU countries towards a circular economy. The difference in harmonic means by clusters allowed quantitatively estimating a “circular gap”. It is of practical value for the EU policy aimed at bridging the gaps between member countries during the transition to a circular economy.

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document