scholarly journals Globalisation and income growth promote the Mediterranean diet

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Regmi ◽  
Nicole Ballenger ◽  
Judy Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To examine global food demand patterns and how changing diets may stimulate demand for and trade of Mediterranean diet products.Design:Literature review. Trends in global and US food consumption patterns are examined and trade data are reviewed to evaluate the impact of changing diets on trade of Mediterranean diet products. Market access issues are also addressed briefly to highlight the role of policy in the trade of Mediterranean diet products.Results:Diets are shifting towards higher-value products such as meats, fruits and vegetables, and a wider array of packaged food products. Trade in these products has also grown in the past two decades, with several non-traditional importers and exporters becoming increasingly active in the global market.Conclusions:Income-driven demands for quality and variety are likely to increase the demand for Mediterranean diet products globally. While the middle-income countries appear to be the best growth prospects, the USA remains a potential growth market if these products can meet the growing consumer demand for variety, quality and convenience. Although consumer trends globally indicate growth in demand for Mediterranean diet products, the additional demand may not be reflected by a corresponding growth in trade. Trade in Mediterranean diet products continues to be hampered by higher than average trade barriers and high transportation costs for perishables.

scholarly journals Comparison of food and beverage products’ availability, variety, price and quality in German and US supermarkets

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 3387-3393
Author(s):  
Nanette Stroebele-Benschop ◽  
Kerstin Wolf ◽  
Katharine Palmer ◽  
Casey J Kelley ◽  
Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To assess availability, variety, price and quality of different food products in a convenience sample of supermarkets in Germany and the USA.Design:Cross-sectional study using an adapted version of the Bridging the Gap Food Store Observation Form.Setting:Information on availability, quality, price and variety of selected food products in eight German and seven US supermarkets (discount and full service) was obtained and compared by country.Results:A general tendency for lower prices of fruits and vegetables in Germany was observed, while produce quality and variety did not seem to differ between countries, with the exception of the variety of some vegetables such as tomatoes. Chips and cereals did not differ significantly in variety nor price. In both countries, high energy-dense foods were lower in energy costs than lower energy-dense foods.Conclusions:The influence of food prices and availability on consumption should be further explored, including the impact of country differences.

Logistics Cost Dynamics in International Business: A Causal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-495
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kar ◽  
Pratyay Ranjan Datta
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Logistics Cost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The cost of logistics plays a vital role in the pricing of goods in international trade. Besides, the recent imposition of additional tariff by even upper-middle income countries such as the USA, China etc., has led to an increase in the total landed cost of goods. However, a seller has no option but to adapt to changing tariff requirements and can articulate only the logistics cost to a certain extent. This aspect requires an understanding of the logistics cost dynamics in international business. Since a higher volume of goods moves by marine transportation, this study focusses on the same. In this article, authors have attempted to establish a statistically significant relationship between prices and other factors like fuel, number of vessels, freight, and weight value ratio. The paper introduces a logistics-coefficient to indicate the extent of integration of logistics activities to keep the total-landed-cost (TLC) unchanged. Finally, the author proposes the system dynamics model to study the impact of changes in any one or some or all these factors on the price of the product. This model will enable the global firm to decide the entry and exit in the market. JEL Codes: F23

scholarly journals The TEAM (Trauma Evaluation and Management) course: medical student knowledge gains and retention in the USA versus Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E Berndtson ◽  
Martin Morna ◽  
Samuel Debrah ◽  
Raul Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Care ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Knowledge Gains ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionTrauma and injury are significant contributors to the global burden of disease, with 5 million deaths and 250 million disability-adjusted life years lost in 2015. This burden is disproportionally borne by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Solutions are complex, but one area for improvement is basic trauma education. The American College of Surgeons has developed the Trauma Evaluation and Management (TEAM) course as an introduction to trauma care for medical students. We hypothesized that the TEAM course would be an effective educational program in LMICs and result in increased knowledge gains and retention similar to students in high-income countries (HICs).MethodsThe TEAM course was taught and students evaluated at two sites, one LMIC (Ghana) and one HIC (USA), after obtaining approval from the HIC Institutional Review Board and medical schools at both sites. Participation was optional for all students and results were de-identified. The course was administered by a single educator for all sessions. Multiple-choice exams were given before and after the course, and again 6 months later.ResultsA total of 62 LMIC and 64 HIC students participated in the course and completed initial testing. Demographics for the two groups were similar, as was participant attrition over time. LMIC students started with a relative knowledge deficit, scoring lower on both pre-course and post-course tests than HIC students, but gained more knowledge during the initial teaching session. After 6 months, the LMIC students continued to improve, whereas the HIC students’ knowledge had regressed. Most students recommended course expansion.ConclusionThe TEAM course is a useful tool to provide the basic principles of trauma care to students in LMICs, and should be expanded. Further study is needed to determine the impact of TEAM education on patient care in LMICs.Level of evidenceLevel III; Care Management

Market Access of OECD Donor Countries and Their Supply of Aid for Trade

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tariff Liberalization ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bilateral Donor

This paper assesses the impact of the tariffs faced by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) donors’ exports on their supply of Aid for Trade (AfT). The analysis is conducted on the basis of both a donor/year framework and a bilateral donor–recipient framework over the period 2002–2009. Results suggest that donors as a whole could reduce AfT budget supply when they face higher tariffs on their exports. However, low-income and lower-middle-income countries appear to be protected by donors from AfT decline, even if they impose higher tariffs on donors’ exports. Further multilateral tariff liberalization would certainly be conducive to higher AfT.

Market integration and transformation of business politics: diverging trajectories of corporatisms in Mexico and Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işik D Özel
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Business Politics ◽  
Major Variation ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Transformation of interest politics in the context of globalization has been widely studied with respect to advanced countries. In a similar vein, this article examines the recent transformations and diverging national trajectories against the backdrop of global market integration, focusing on business politics in upper-middle-income countries. Tackling the ways in which domestic political arrangements refract the impact of global forces, the article indicates that the market integration process engenders diverging effects in national settings contingent upon executive–legislative relations. Where power is concentrated in the executive, market integration upholds a form of corporatism; and where legislative power increases, it promotes a form of pluralism. Based on the empirics of Mexico and Turkey, this article shows the links between increasing legislative power and emerging legislative lobbying in Mexico in contrast to increasing executive power and centralization and concentration of interest politics in Turkey. It delineates a major variation in national trajectories in business politics in the age of globalization—the rise of ‘elite-pluralism’ dominated by large firms in the former, and ‘competitive corporatism’ vastly controlled by the executive branch in the latter.

scholarly journals The impact of preferential trade agreements on bilateral trade: A structural gravity model analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249118
Author(s):  
Xing Yao ◽  
Yongzhong Zhang ◽  
Rizwana Yasmeen ◽  
Zhen Cai
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Trade agreements are thought to raise trade integration, but existing preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are insufficient in measuring market access of products. This study develops a product-based coverage index of PTAs using the World Trade Organization (WTO) preferential trade agreements and calculates bilateral trade measures using the EORA multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables covering 189 countries worldwide over the period 1990–2015; the structural gravity model is employed to test how PTAs affect bilateral trade. Our findings show that countries sharing a common PTA could boost the trade volume compared to those without PTAs, supporting the trade creation effect. However, the trade promotion effect of the product-based coverage index of PTAs is significant only if the member countries are low-and middle-income countries. Further, the wide range of product liberalization brought by PTAs can promote global production networks by stimulating the trade of intermediate goods. Our results are important for understanding the market access effect of PTAs with the increasing development of trade integration and global value chains (GVCs).

scholarly journals Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Norman Lamprecht ◽  
Aletta Sophia Tolmay
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020.  However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale.  Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.

scholarly journals GDP Development of China and USA in terms of mutual sanctions and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07061
Author(s):  
Petr Šuleř ◽  
Jaromír Vrbka
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Currency Exchange Rate ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Research background: China’s share in the global economy has experienced a swift growth since opening up and reforming the country’s foreign policy in 1978. USA sanction on China has so far concentrated on a heap of issues including China’s enormous exchange shortfall with the U.S., currency control, constrained market access, licensed innovation robbery and security issues identified with Huawei. Also, USA sanction on China has so far lead to a decrease in exports and outflow of FDI, reduce in the inflow trade and investment, and apparently hinders the Chinese GPD growth and diminished its currency exchange rate. Purpose of the article: The aim is to predict the future development of the GDP of the China and the USA and to estimate their further development through the prism of mutual trade sanctions and COVID-19. Methods: The data collection demonstrates the course of a time series of a daily RMB exchange rate development from the beginning of 1992 to June 2020. Furthermore, it represents the time series of a quarterly development of the Chinese GDP for the same time period. Using neural networks, a regression for different variants of the time series delay in connection with the analysis of the USA sanctions is conducted. Findings & Value added: The GDP of both countries has developed over the last two years, as if sanctions had not been imposed. However, the situation is changing with COVID-19. In this case, it is clear that the impact will be more significant. US GDP will stagnate. PRC GDP will fall.

scholarly journals Simulating the impact of sodium reduction from packaged foods on population sodium intake in US adults and children

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K Dunford ◽  
Jennifer M Poti
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Nutrition Facts Panel ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To simulate the impact that Na reductions in food categories that are the largest contributors to dietary Na intake would have on population Na intake from packaged foods among US adults and children.Design:24 h Dietary recall data were used. For each store-bought packaged food product reported by participants, we generated sales-weighted Na content at the median and 25th percentile using Nutrition Facts Panel data from 193 195 products purchased by US households. The impact that Na reductions would have on population Na intake, overall and by sociodemographic subgroup, was examined.SettingsUS households.Participants:Children aged 2–18 years (n 2948) and adults aged >18 years (n 4878), 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Results:Na intake from packaged foods was 1258 (se 21) mg for adults and 1215 (se 35) mg for children. Top-ten packaged food group sources contributed 67 % of Na intake. For adults and children, there was a decrease of 8·7 % (109 mg) and 8·0 % (97 mg), respectively, in Na intake if the top-ten sources reduced Na from the median to the 25th percentile. Although absolute reduction in intake varied between sociodemographic subgroups, significant differences were not observed.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that if Na reduction shifted the top-ten packaged food group sources of dietary Na intake from the median to 25th percentile, population Na intake would be reduced by 9 % in US adults and children. These findings will help inform the US government’s Na reduction targets, as well as policy makers’ understanding of differences in intake of critical sub-populations in the USA.

An overview of soybean derived products for sportsmen

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Leguminous Crop ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
The Impact

Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. is a major leguminous crop of global importance with widespread applicability and economic value of its products in the national as well as the global market. The aim of the presented investigations was to review the experimental articles and patents referring to the application of soybean-based products for sportsman published in the period 1970-2019. The greatest number of papers and patents were published in the years 2010-2019 by researchers affiliated in the USA, China and Japan. Altogether, 64 patents and 39 experimental articles were recorded. The inventors patented the food supplements (in a majority), sportswear and devices enhancing protection of athletes during their sport activities. The greatest number of experimental articles was devoted to the impact of soy-based products use on athletes’ health, the evaluation of the quality of the products, as well their acceptability by sportsmen.

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