scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its relationship with parathyroid hormone and bone mineral status in older adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Bone Mineral Status ◽  
25Ohd Concentration

Osteoporosis is an important contributor to the global burden of disease, and in the UK alone results in one in three women and one in twelve men aged >50 years experiencing a fragility fracture. Optimising peak bone mass in early adulthood is thought to reduce osteoporosis risk by offsetting bone losses in later life. Ensuring sufficient vitamin D status (measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in plasma), among other factors, is believed to facilitate the achievement of optimum peak bone mass. Lower 25OHD is associated with a higher plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH). As PTH is associated with increased bone turnover and bone loss, maintenance of sufficient 25OHD is thought to have a protective effect on bone health. However, there is a lack of consensus internationally on what constitutes an optimum 25OHD concentration, and values between 30 and 80 nmol/l have been suggested. These values have been based on findings from various studies in adults in which PTH has been observed to plateau at a 25OHD concentration of >30 nmol/l; however, not all studies have found such a plateau. Although studies in younger adolescents (14–16 years) have shown an inverse relationship between PTH and 25OHD, the concentration of 25OHD required for achievement of optimum peak bone mass is unknown. The present review examines the evidence defining vitamin D insufficiency thresholds, and the relevance of such thresholds to adolescent bone health.

scholarly journals Tracking of vitamin D status from childhood to early adulthood and its association with peak bone mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Wendy H Oddy ◽  
Patrick Holt ◽  
Wendy Chan She Ping-Delfos ◽  
Jenny Mountain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals Biochemical and Dietary Indicators of Bone Health in Rural Adolescent Girls from Konkan Region of Maharashtra, India (DERVAN-5)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patil SN ◽  
◽  
Patil N ◽  
Bhat P ◽  
Jadhav D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Rural Adolescent

Adolescent period is marked by bone modeling and remodeling and leads to accrual of peak bone mass. Ideal peak bone mass depends on diet, hormones, genetic influence and environment and has consequences on bone health in adulthood. We measured biochemical indicators of bone health in rural adolescent girls. Methods: Five hundred fifty adolescent girls from longitudinal DERVAN cohort study from Indian state of Maharashtra underwent anthropometry. Biochemical parameters (intact parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase) were measured. Results: Prevalence of underweight & stunting was 28.8%, 30.7% respectively. More than 56% were thin & only 5% were obese. Median body fat% & bone mass measured by bio-impedance were 23.3 and 1.6 Kg respectively. More than 80% were vitamin D deficient and 12.0% were calcium deficient. Median dietary calcium intake was 158.5mg/day which was far below recommended 850 mg/day. Median parathyroid hormone concentration was 8.49pmol/L and 66.7% had elevated concentrations (> 6.89pmol/L). Elevated phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were observed in 23.3% and 23.0%. Parathyroid hormone was inversely associated with age (p<0.001) and vitamin D (p<0.001) and directly with phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05) for both. On multivariate analysis elevated parathyroid hormone was associated with low vitamin D (p<0.001). Conclusion: The adolescent girls of KONKAN are undernourished and vitamin D deficient. Despite poor dietary calcium intake the serum calcium levels were maintained at the cost of elevated parathyroid hormone. Thus parathyroid hormone may be used as a marker of bone health. This could be useful in planning early interventions to improve bone health.

scholarly journals Differences in vitamin D status and calcium metabolism in Saudi Arabian boys and girls aged 6 to 18 years: effects of age, gender, extent of veiling and physical activity with concomitant implications for bone health

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam A Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Susan A Lanham-New ◽  
Jalal A Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveFew data exist looking at vitamin D status and bone health in school-aged boys and girls from Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to determine the extent of poor vitamin D status in school boys and girls aged 6–18 years and to examine if there was any difference in status with age, physical activity and veiling and concomitant effects on bone.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingJeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.SubjectsA total of 150 boys (7–16 years) and 150 girls (6–18 years) from local schools were divided into age categories: 6–9 years (elementary school); 10–12 years (secondary school); 13–14 years (middle years); 15–18 years (high school).ResultsVitamin D status was significantly lower in girls than boys in all age groups (P < 0·01), with the 15–18-year-old girls having the lowest level (22·0 (sd 9·4) nmol/l) in comparison to the 15–18-year-old boys (39·3 (sd 14·0) nmol/l) and the 6–9-year-old girls (41·2 (sd 9·3) nmol/l). Parathyroid hormone status was highest in the 15–18-year-old girls in comparison to boys of the same age. A total of 64 % of 15–18-year-old girls had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status <25 nmol/l in comparison to 31 % in the 13–14 years age category, 26 % in the 10–12 years category and 2·5 % in the 6–9 years category. No boys had 25OHD status <25 nmol/l. Fully veiled girls had lower 25OHD status than partly veiled or unveiled girls (P < 0·05). Low 25OHD and high parathyroid hormone was associated with lower bone mass in the 6–9 years and 13–14 years age groups (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThese data suggest significant hypovitaminosis D in older adolescent females, which is a cause for concern given that there is currently no public health policy for vitamin D in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Vitamin K status is associated with childhood bone mineral content

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J. H. van Summeren ◽  
Silvia C. C. M. van Coeverden ◽  
Leon J. Schurgers ◽  
Lavienja A. J. L. M. Braam ◽  
Florence Noirt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Body

In adult bone, vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as co-factor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. In children, the significance of vitamin K in bone-mass acquisition is less well known. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether biochemical indicators of vitamin K status are related to (gains in) bone mineral content (BMC) and markers of bone metabolism in peripubertal children. In 307 healthy children (mean age 11·2 years), BMC of the total body, lumbar spine and femoral neck was determined at baseline and 2 years later. Vitamin K status (ratio of undercarboxylated (ucOC) to carboxylated (cOC) fractions of osteocalcin; UCR) was also measured at both time points. Markers of bone metabolism, sex steroids, vitamin D status and growth hormones were measured at baseline only. Large variations in the levels of the UCR were found at both time-points, indicating a substantial interindividual difference in vitamin K status. Improvement of vitamin K status over 2 years (n281 children) was associated with a marked increase in total body BMC (r− 49·1,P < 0·001). The UCR was associated with pubertal stage, markers of bone metabolism, sex hormones and vitamin D status. A better vitamin K status was associated with more pronounced increase in bone mass in healthy peripubertal children. In order to determine the significance of these findings for childhood bone health, additional paediatric studies are needed.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship to Body Fat, Final Height, and Peak Bone Mass in Young Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kremer ◽  
Patricia P. Campbell ◽  
Timothy Reinhardt ◽  
Vicente Gilsanz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status as a Determinant of Peak Bone Mass in Young Finnish Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville-Valtteri Välimäki ◽  
Henrik Alfthan ◽  
Eero Lehmuskallio ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Timo Sahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Severe vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, but scarce data are available about the extent to which vitamin D status determines the development of the peak bone mass in young adults. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) less than the lower limit of the reference range of 20–105 nmol/liter] and the relationship between vitamin D status and peak bone mass among young Finnish men. A cross-sectional study of determinants of peak bone mass with data on lifestyle factors collected retrospectively was performed in 220 young men, aged 18.3–20.6 yr. One hundred and seventy men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their military service for reasons not related to health. Bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and scan area were measured in lumbar spine and upper femur by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum 25-OHD concentrations were followed prospectively for 1 yr. In July 2000, only 0.9% of the men had vitamin D deficiency, but 6 months later, in the winter, the respective percentage was 38.9%. After adjusting for age, height, weight, exercise, smoking, calcium, and alcohol intake, there existed a positive correlation between serum 25-OHD and bone mineral content at lumbar spine (P = 0.057), femoral neck (P = 0.041), trochanter (P = 0.010), and total hip (P = 0.025). The correlation coefficients for the bone mineral densities at the four measurement sites were 0.035, 0.061, 0.056, and 0.068, respectively. No correlation was found to scan area. We conclude that vitamin D deficiency is very common in Finnish young men in the winter, and it may have detrimental effects on the acquisition of maximal peak bone mass. As in Finland vitamin D supplementation to infants is now stopped at the age of 3 yr, it can be asked whether at our latitude it should be continued from that age onward, not for the prevention of rickets, but as prophylaxis for osteoporosis.

Better Bones Buddies: An Osteoporosis Prevention Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Schrader ◽  
Rebecca Blue ◽  
Arlene Horner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
School Year ◽  
Key Factor

Although osteoporosis typically surfaces in later life, peak bone mass attained before age 20 is a key factor in its prevention. However, most American children’s diets lack sufficient calcium during the critical growth periods of preadolescence and adolescence to achieve peak bone mass. Better Bones (BB) Buddies is an educational program targeting children ages 9–15 years in an effort to improve their knowledge of bone health and to increase their intake of calcium-rich foods, thereby reducing the risk for osteoporosis later in life. In the 1998–1999 school year, Better Bones Buddies was given to more than 2,200 school children in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Posttest results ( N = 900) indicate participants improved in their knowledge of osteoporosis, and half reported modifications in their dietary habits to increase calcium consumption. Implications of the Better Bones Buddies program are discussed, with recommendations for future use of this program to increase children’s knowledge about bone growth and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick John Fredman ◽  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
Rachel Louise Duckham ◽  
Darci Green ◽  
Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionThere is now substantial evidence of a social gradient in bone health. Social stressors, related to socioeconomic status, are suggested to produce an inflammatory response marked by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we focus on the particular role in the years before the achievement of peak bone mass, encompassing childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. An examination of such associations will help explain how social factors such as occupation, level of education and income may affect later-life bone disorders. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review of existing literature regarding associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in those aged 6–30 years.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, OVID and CINAHL databases to identify articles that examine associations between socioeconomic factors and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, known to influence bone health, during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. The findings of this review have implications for the equitable development of peak bone mass regardless of socioeconomic factors. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of studies according to predetermined criteria, and studies will be assessed for methodological quality using a published scoring system. Should statistical heterogeneity be non-significant, we will conduct a meta-analysis; however, if heterogeneity prevent numerical syntheses, we will undertake a best-evidence analysis to determine whether socioeconomic differences exist in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines from childhood through to young adulthood.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be a systematic review of published data, and thus ethics approval is not required. In addition to peer-reviewed publication, these findings will be presented at professional conferences in national and international arenas.

Risk factors of low vitamin D status in adolescent females in Kuwait: implications for high peak bone mass attainment

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khulood Alyahya ◽  
Warren T. K. Lee ◽  
Zaidan Al-Mazidi ◽  
Jane Morgan ◽  
Susan Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Vitamin D Status
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