scholarly journals Myths about linear and monotonic associations: Pearson’s r, Spearman’s ρ, and Kendall’s τ

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Edwin van den Heuvel ◽  
Zhuozhao Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

scholarly journals The CEFR-J Hierarchy and its Relationship with TOEIC Listening and Reading

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Richard
Keyword(s):  
Partial Replication ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Pearson’S R

Runnels (2016) investigated the CEFR-J self-assessment sublevel hierarchy and its relationship with TOEIC Listening and Reading (TOEIC L&R). Runnels (a) found learners did not distinguish between adjacent sublevels, and (b) observed mostly small-to-negligible Pearson’s r correlations between CEFR-J and TOEIC L&R, with slightly stronger correlations for listening. In the current study, participants (N = 53) completed a questionnaire (k = 36) with statements representing CEFR-J sublevels A1.1 to B2.2. Groups (i.e., A>B) and levels (i.e., A1>A2≧B1>B2) performed as predicted; however, participants mostly did not differentiate between adjacent sublevel items. Small-to-moderate Kendall’s τ correlations between CEFR-J and TOEIC L&R were observed, with stronger correlations for reading. Despite the lack of clarity regarding sublevels, learners might interpret the levels as coherent sets (Negishi, 2020). More experiences with reading likely resulted in more robust reading correlations (Ross, 1998). One contribution of this paper is its partial replication of Runnels, with potentially improved methodological tools. Runnels（2016）は、学習者が隣接するCEFR-Jサブレベルを区別しなかったことを発見し、CEFR-JとTOEIC L&Rの間のピアソンの相関係数がほとんど無視できる程度であり、リスニングではわずかに強くなることを見いだした。本論において、参加者（N = 53）はCEFR-Jサブレベル（A1.1～B2.2）を表すアンケート（k = 36）に回答した。 CEFR-Jのグループ（AとB）とレベル（A1, A2, B1, B2）は予測どおりに実行されたが、 参加者は隣接するサブレベルをほとんど区別しなかった。 CEFR-JとTOEIC L&Rの間には、小から中程度のケンドールのτ相関係数が見られ、リーディングではやや強い相関が見られた。 サブレベルに関する明確さの欠如にもかかわらず、学習者はレベルを一貫したセットとして解釈する可能性があり（Negishi,2020）、読書の経験が多いほど、相関がより強固になると考えられる（Ross,1998）。 本論の学術的な貢献は、、Runnelsの研究の一部を方法論的に改善した形で再現したところにある。

CODEM Instrument

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kuemmel (This author contributed eq ◽  
Julia Haberstroh (This author contributed ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Communication and communication behaviors in situational contexts are essential conditions for well-being and quality of life in people with dementia. Measuring methods, however, are limited. The CODEM instrument, a standardized observational communication behavior assessment tool, was developed and evaluated on the basis of the current state of research in dementia care and social-communicative behavior. Initially, interrater reliability was examined by means of videoratings (N = 10 people with dementia). Thereupon, six caregivers in six German nursing homes observed 69 residents suffering from dementia and used CODEM to rate their communication behavior. The interrater reliability of CODEM was excellent (mean κ = .79; intraclass correlation = .91). Statistical analysis indicated that CODEM had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .95). CODEM also showed excellent convergent validity (Pearson’s R = .88) as well as discriminant validity (Pearson’s R = .63). Confirmatory factor analysis verified the two-factor solution of verbal/content aspects and nonverbal/relationship aspects. With regard to the severity of the disease, the content and relational aspects of communication exhibited different trends. CODEM proved to be a reliable, valid, and sensitive assessment tool for examining communication behavior in the field of dementia. CODEM also provides researchers a feasible examination tool for measuring effects of psychosocial intervention studies that strive to improve communication behavior and well-being in dementia.

scholarly journals Pre-Planned and Non-Planned Agility in Patients Ongoing Rehabilitation after Knee Surgery: Design, Reliability and Validity of the Newly Developed Testing Protocols

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Ivan Peric ◽  
Miodrag Spasic ◽  
Dario Novak ◽  
Sergej Ostojic ◽  
Damir Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Type Of Surgery ◽  
Pearson’S R

Background: Due to its association with the risk of falling and consequent injury, the importance of agility is widely recognized, but no study so far has examined the different facets of agility in an untrained/clinical population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and correlates of newly developed tests of non-planned agility (NPA) and pre-planned agility (PPA) in an untrained/clinical sample. Methods: The sample comprised 38 participants older than 40 years (22 females, age: 56.1 ± 17.3 years, height: 170.4 ± 10.8 cm, mass: 82.54 ± 14.79 kg) who were involved in a rehabilitation program following total knee arthroplasty and knee arthroscopy. Variables included age, gender, type of surgery, history of fall, anthropometrics/body composition, and newly developed tests of NPA and PPA. Results: The results showed the high inter-testing- (ICC > 0.95, CV < 9%), and intra-testing-reliability (ICC > 0.96, CV < 9) of the newly developed tests. PPA and NPA were found to be valid in differentiation between age groups (>50 yrs. vs. <50 yrs.), and genders, with better performance in younger participants and males. Only NPA differentiated participants according to type of surgery, with better performance in those who had arthroscopic surgery, than those who had total knee arthroplasty. No differences in NPA and PPA were established between groups based on fall-history. In females, the body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.58 and 0.59, p < 0.001) and body fatness (Pearson’s r = 0.64 and 0.66, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated, while the lean body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.70 and 0.68, p < 0.001) was positively correlated with PPA and NPA. The NPA and PPA were highly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.98, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that the proposed tests are reliable when evaluating agility characteristics in an untrained/clinical population after knee arthroplasty/arthroscopy. Further evaluation of the specific validity of the proposed tests in other specific subsamples is warranted.

scholarly journals Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Bekerja dalam Pemberian ASI berhubungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Bayi Usia 1 Tahun di Desa Bedewang Kecamatan Songgon Banyuwangi Tahun 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Ayuk Naimah
Keyword(s):  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan ISPA adalah menyelimuti berlebihan, pemberian makanan tambahan terlalu dini, kurangnya pemberian ASI, imunisasi, polusi udara, tempat tinggal yang padat, kurangnya ventilasi dan sosial ekonomi. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik survey sampai peneliti memenuhi target yang diinginkan dalam waktu satu bulan secara bertahap dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada 35 responden. Subyek yang diteliti ditarik dari populasi dengan cara Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian menggunakan total sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2017 yang ditabulasi silang diperoleh hasil hampir seluruhnya responden tingkat pengetahuan kurang sejumlah 32 responden (91.4%) terjadi ISPA, dan sebagian kecil responden tingkat pengetahuan cukup sejumlah 3 responden (8.6%) tidak terjadi ISPA. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji Krusskal Wallis didapatkan interprestasi hasil Pearson's R = 1.000, sehingga dibanding dengan Krusskal-Wallis Correlation = 1.000. Dari hasil data tersebut dikatakan ada hubungan jika Pearson's R = Kruskal-Wallis Correlation maka H1 diterima. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan SPSS maka didapatkan hubungan koefisien korelasi 0,80 – 1,000 korelasi sangat kuat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa tingkat pengetahuan ibu bekerja dalam pemberian ASI dengan kejadian ISPA pada bayi usia ? 1 tahun berhubung sangat kuat. Pada ibu bekerja tingkat pengetahuan dalam pemberian ASI kurang maka akan terjadi ISPA. Dalam pemberian ASI pada waktu ibu bekerja tidak dapat dijadikan alasan untuk tidak memberikan ASI pada bayinya, banyak upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh ibu dan yang terpenting adalah perubahan pikiran serta komitmen sebagai orang tua untuk mengutamakan kesehatan dan tumbuh kembang pada bayinya.Kata Kunci : Kejadian ISPA, Pengetahuan Ibu Bekerja, Pemberian ASI

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN EFIKASI DIRI DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN TBC DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PARONGPONG KECAMATAN PARONGPONG KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Mella Yusef Fintiya ◽  
Imanuel Sri Mei Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit infeksi paru yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Di Indonesia kasus tuberkulosis setiap tahunnya semakin meningkat. Indonesia menepati urutan ke-6 penderita tuberkulosis tertinggi di dunia, sedangkan Jawa Barat menepati urutan pertama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat adanya hubungan anatar efikasi diri dengan kepatuhan minum obat OAT. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan melibatkan 23 responden yang sedang menjalani pengobatan di puskesmas parongpong, responden dipilih dengan menggunakan Purposive sampling. Variabel independen adalah efikasi diri, variabel dependent adalah kepatuhan minum obat. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner yang dianalisis menggunakan pearson’s r . Hasil dan analisis Efikasi Diri dengan Kepatuhan Minum obat mempunyai hubungan  dengan nilai  p-value 0,030 atau (p ≤ 0,05) dengan tingkat hubungan sedang (0,454). Efikasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan minum obat pasien tuberkulosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Parongpong. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengetahui peran kader kesehatan dalam kepatuhan minum obat.

scholarly journals Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Ayane S. Resende ◽  
Geovana S. F. Leite ◽  
Antonio H. Lancha Junior
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness and gut bacteria composition of non-obese men with the same nutritional profile. Twenty-four previously sedentary men (age 25.18 [SD 4.66] years, BMI 24.5 [SD 3.72] kg/m2) were randomly assigned into Control (CG; n = 12) or Exercise Groups (EG; n = 12). Body composition, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood markers, dietary habits and gut bacteria composition were evaluated. EG performed 150 min per week of supervised moderate (60–65% of VO2peak) aerobic exercise, while CG maintained their daily routine. The V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and treated using QIIME software. Only EG demonstrated marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, p < 0.05; Effect Size = 0.971) without changes in other gut bacteria-affecting variables. Exercise did not promote clustering based on diversity indices (p > 0.05), although significant variations in an unclassified genus from Clostridiales order and in Streptococcus genus were observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-diversity was correlated with VO2peak (Pearson’s R: 0.47; R2 0.23: 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.74, p = 0.02) and BMI (Pearson’s R: −0.50; R2 0.25: 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12, p = 0.01). Roseburia, Sutterella and Odoribacter genera were associated with VO2peak, while Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium genera were associated with body composition (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity improved VO2peak and affected gut bacteria composition of non-obese men who maintained a balanced consumption of nutrients.

Comment on "The Needless Assumption of Normality in Pearson's r".

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hanly Furfey
Keyword(s):  
Pearson's R ◽  
Pearson’S R

scholarly journals Ultra-low-dose CT detects synovitis in patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Diekhoff ◽  
Sevtap Tugce Ulas ◽  
Denis Poddubnyy ◽  
Udo Schneider ◽  
Sandra Hermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Pearson's R ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Pearson’S R

PurposeTo prove the feasibility and measure the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultra-low-dose CT (ULD-CT) for the depiction of inflammatory soft-tissue changes (synovitis, tenosynovitis and peritendonitis) in patients with arthritis of the hand.Materials and methodsIn this institutional review board–approved study, 36 consecutive patients over the age of 50 with suspected rheumatoid arthritis underwent ULD-CT (estimated radiation exposure <0.01  mSv) and MRI of the hand with weight-adapted intravenous contrast administration. ULD-CT subtraction and MR images were assessed for synovitis, tenosynovitis and peritendonitis by three readers using a modified Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score (RAMRIS). Patients were asked which modality they would prefer for future examinations. Sensitivity and specificity of ULD-CT for detection of inflammatory changes were calculated using MRI as standard of reference. The sum scores were correlated using Pearson’s r.ResultsAll 36 patients showed synovitis in MRI. ULD-CT had 69% sensitivity on the patient level and 65% on the joint level with 87% specificity. Sensitivity was higher in patients with more severe inflammation (80% for MRI RAMRIS >1). There was almost perfect correlation between the modified RAMRIS sum scores of ULD-CT and MRI (Pearson’s r=0.94). Regarding preferences for future examinations, 85% preferred ULD-CT over MRI. ULD-CT detected more differential diagnoses than MRI (8 vs 2/12).Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ULD-CT of the hand allows for depiction of soft-tissue inflammation at the hand and can be achieved using very low radiation exposure (<0.01 mSv). ULD-CT may evolve to a fast and comfortable alternative to MRI, although it is not as sensitive as MRI for detecting mild disease.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA REGULASI DIRI DENGAN KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI UJIAN PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Pearson's R ◽  
Item Data ◽  
Pearson’S R

AbstrakKecemasan merupakan sebuah permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh peserta didik di sekolah. Banyak siswa yang mengalami persoalan akademik salah satunya kecemasan saat  akan menghadapi ujian. Siswa mengaku mengalami gangguan kecemasan secara psikis misalnya saat mengikuti kegiatan do’a bersama ( istigosah ), mereka merasakan ketakutan dan kekhawatiran akan gagal ketika mengikuti ujian. Kemudian siswa juga mengaku mengalami gangguan secara fisik seperti detak jantung menungkat, sebagian tubuh gemetar dan sebagian tubuh berkeringat dingin ketika mengikuti kegiatan Try Out soal-soal ujian  karena mereka seolah-olah sedang mengikuti Ujian Nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan menghadapi ujian pada siswa kelas XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 175 orang. Sampel diambil sebanyak 20 % dari jumlah populasi, yaitu sebanyak 35 orang. Data diambil melalui pengadministrasian skala tentang regulasi diri sebanyak 31 item, dan skala tentang kecemasan menghadapi ujian sebanyak 25 item. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil nilai Pearson’s r adalah -0,209 dan nilai signifikansi ( 2-tailed ) adalah 0,229. Karena sig. > 0,05 maka dalam hal ini berarti hipotesis penelitian ditolak atau tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara regulasi diri dengan kecemasan menghadapi ujian pada siswa kelas XI SMK ESA PRAKARSA Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Bagi peneliti lain yang tertarik melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang Regulasi Diri dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian , maka disarankan untuk menyertakan variabel-variabel lain, misalnya seperti : pengetahuan diri, perilaku serta kondisi lingkungan.

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