The effects of low dietary concentrations of saponin on liver lipid accumulation and performance in laying hens

Saturated fatty acid is one of the important nutrients, but contributes to lipotoxicity in the liver, causing hepatic steatosis. Aqueous pepino leaf extract (AEPL) in the previous study revealed alleviated liver lipid accumulation in metabolic syndrome mice. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of AEPL on saturated long-chain fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the phytochemical composition of AEPL was identified in the present study. HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used for exploring the effect of AEPL on lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ER stress, and antioxidant response. The chemical composition of AEPL was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. AEPL treatment reduced PA-induced ROS production and lipid accumulation. Further molecular results revealed that AEPL restored cytochrome c in mitochondria and decreased caspase 3 activity to cease apoptosis. In addition, AEPL in PA-stressed HepG2 cells significantly reduced the ER stress and suppressed SREBP-1 activation for decreasing lipogenesis. For defending PA-induced oxidative stress, AEPL promoted Nrf2 expression and its target genes, SOD1 and GPX3, expressions. The present study suggested that AEPL protected from PA-induced lipotoxicity through reducing ER stress, increasing antioxidant ability, and inhibiting apoptosis. The efficacy of AEPL on lipotoxicity was probably concerned with kaempferol and isorhamnetin derived compounds.

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Bayesian inference of genetic parameters for reproductive and performance traits in White Leghorn hens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/116/2017-cjas ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 230-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.O. Rosa ◽

G.C. Venturini ◽

T.C.S. Chud ◽

B.C. Pires ◽

M.E. Buzanskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Inference ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Egg Production ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

A Posteriori ◽

White Leghorn ◽

Performance Traits ◽

And Performance

This study estimated the genetic parameters for reproductive and performance traits and determined which ones can be used as selection criteria for egg production in laying hens using the Bayesian inference. The data of 1894 animals from three generations of White Leghorn laying hens were analyzed for fertility (FERT), hatchability (HATC), and birth rate measurements at 60 weeks of age (BIRTH), body weight at 16 and 60 weeks of age (BW16 and BW60), age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg height/width ratio, weight, and density at 28, 36, and 40 weeks of age (RHW28, RHW36, RHW40, WEGG28, WEGG36, WEGG40, DENS28, DENS36, and DENS40, respectively) traits. The genetic parameters were estimated by the Bayesian inference method of multi-trait animal model. The model included the additive and residual genetic random effects and the fixed effects of generation. The a posteriori mean distributions of the heritability estimates for reproductive traits ranged from 0.14 ± 0.003 (HATC) to 0.22 ± 0.005 (FERT) and performance from 0.07 ± 0.001 (RHW28) to 0.42 ± 0.001 (WEGG40). The a posteriori mean distributions of the genetic correlation between reproductive traits ranged from 0.18 ± 0.026 (FERT and HACT) to 0.79 ± 0.007 (FERT and BIRTH) and those related to performance ranged from –0.49 ± 0.001 (WEGG36 and DENS36) to 0.75 ± 0.003 (DENS28 and DENS36). Reproductive and performance traits showed enough additive genetic variability to respond to selection, except for RHW28. This trait alone would have little impact on the genetic gain because environmental factors would have a higher impact compared to those from the additive genetic factors. Based on the results of this study, the selection applied on the BIRTH trait can be indicated to improve FERT and HATC of eggs. Furthermore, the use of the WEGG40 could improve egg quality in this population.

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Abstract 037: Role of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) Specific PTP1B in Differential Regulation of Blood Pressure, Liver Lipid Accumulation and Glucose Tolerance in Response to a High Fat Diet

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.037 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Aberdein ◽

Jussara M do Carmo ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Taolin Fang ◽

Cecilia P de Lara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

High Fat

Obese subjects are often resistant to leptin’s metabolic effects although blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nervous system responses appear to be preserved. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of leptin signaling, may play a role in promoting this selective leptin resistance and causing metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Our previous studies suggest that the chronic BP responses to leptin are mediated via activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. The goal of this study was to determine if PTP1B in POMC neurons differentially controls metabolic functions and BP in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male mice with POMC specific PTP1B deletion (POMC/PTP1B -/- ) and littermate controls (PTP1B flox/flox ) were fed a HFD from 6 to 22 wks of age. Baseline BP after 16 weeks of a HFD (95±2 vs. 95±3 mmHg) and BP responses to acute stress (Δ32±0 vs. Δ32±6 mmHg), measured by telemetry, were not different in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to control mice, respectively. Heart rate (HR) was not different in POMC/PTP1B -/- and control mice during acute stress (699±4 vs. 697±15 bpm, respectively). Total body weight (TBW) and fat mass were reduced at 20 weeks of age in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to controls (36.7±0.1 vs. 42.0±1 g TBW and 12.7±0.4 vs. 16.1±1.0 g fat mass, respectively). Liver weight of POMC/PTP1B -/- mice was less than in controls, and this was evident even when liver weight was normalized as % of TBW (4.5±0.2 vs. 5.0±0.2 %). POMC/PTP1B -/- males had reduced liver lipid accumulation compared to controls as measured by EchoMRI (0.08±0.03 vs. 0.15±0.03 g/g liver weight). Glucose tolerance was also improved by 46% in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to controls as measured by AUC, 25856±1683 vs. 47267±5616 mg/dLx120min, respectively. These findings indicate that PTP1B signaling in POMC neurons plays a crucial role in regulating liver lipid accumulation and glucose tolerance but does not appear to mediate changes in BP or BP responses to acute stress in mice fed a high HFD (supported by NHLBI-PO1HL51971 and NIGMS P20GM104357)

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Effects of Feed Supplementations for Fermented Apple Pomace and Cinnamon on Egg Quality and Performance in Laying Hens

Korean Journal of Poultry Science ◽

10.5536/kjps.2010.37.1.063 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hwan-Ku Kang ◽

Ok-Suk Seo ◽

Hee-Chul Choi ◽

Hyun-Seok Chae ◽

Jae-Cheon Na ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

And Performance

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Effect of leucine and valine supplementation on liver lipid accumulation and proinflammation in diet-induced obese mice

International Journal of Human Culture Studies ◽

10.9748/hcs.2017.140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (27) ◽

pp. 140-145

Author(s):

Haruka Kudo ◽

Chiemi Yamanaka ◽

Seiichiro Aoe

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Obese Mice

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Effects of Caffeine on Egg Quality and Performance of Laying Hens

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.545359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Mailson da Silva Teixeira ◽

Marcela Viana Triginelli ◽

Thaís de Ataíde Costa ◽

Leonardo José Camargos Lara ◽

Benito Soto-Blanco

Keyword(s):

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

And Performance

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The effects of space allowance on egg yield, egg quality and plumage condition of laying hens in battery cages

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/349-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Sarica ◽

S. Boga ◽

U.S. Yamak

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Body Parts ◽

Battery Cages ◽

And Performance

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cage stocking density on egg yield, some egg quality traits and plumage condition in laying hens. Eighteen weeks-old 264 ISA-Brown pullets were divided into four cage density groups. The densities were 2 000, 1 000, 667 and 500 cm2 per hen (by allocating 1, 2, 3 and 4 hens per cage; floor area 40 × 50 cm) with 48, 30, 24 and 21 replicate cages, totally 123 three-tier battery cages. During the experimental period from 18 to 53 weeks of age, all birds were provided illumination for 16 hours a day. The hens were fed a diet containing 11.7 MJ ME/kg and 180 g CP during the period of 18 to 40 weeks of age and 11.3 MJ ME/kg and 170 g CP during the period of 41 to 54 weeks of age. Feed and water were available for ad libitum. Egg yield, mortality, live weights at 50% egg production age and at the end of experiment, pecking related mortalities, some egg quality traits and plumage condition were recorded weekly. Hen-housed egg production, egg mass, viability, and live weights were significantly decreased by higher densities. Most of the egg quality traits were not affected by cage densities. Pecking related mortalities increased in cage densities of 667 cm2 and 500 cm2 per hen compared to the other densities (P < 0.05) while plumage scores were higher in all body parts of hens kept in cages of 2 000 cm2 and 1 000 cm2 densities compared to the higher densities. The results showed that brown laying hens should be kept in cages having 1 000–2 000 cm2 densities in order to improve their welfare and performance.

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