Liver Lipid Accumulation and Performance of Hens as Affected by Cage Density and Initial Body Weight

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.

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The effects of low dietary concentrations of saponin on liver lipid accumulation and performance in laying hens

British Poultry Science ◽

10.1080/00071688108447887 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 281-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. C. Whitehead ◽

J. M. McNab ◽

H. D. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

And Performance

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088 Evaluation of initial body weight and supplementation levels on health and performance of newly received stocker calves

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/ssasas2015-088 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 43-44

Author(s):

W. C. Wilkins ◽

B. B. Karisch ◽

T. Smith ◽

D. R. Smith

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

And Performance

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Aqueous Extract of Pepino Leaves Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Lipotoxicity via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 903

Author(s):

Jen-Ying Hsu ◽

Hui-Hsuan Lin ◽

Charng-Cherng Chyau ◽

Zhi-Hong Wang ◽

Jing-Hsien Chen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Er Stress ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Target Genes ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Nrf2 Expression

Saturated fatty acid is one of the important nutrients, but contributes to lipotoxicity in the liver, causing hepatic steatosis. Aqueous pepino leaf extract (AEPL) in the previous study revealed alleviated liver lipid accumulation in metabolic syndrome mice. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of AEPL on saturated long-chain fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the phytochemical composition of AEPL was identified in the present study. HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used for exploring the effect of AEPL on lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ER stress, and antioxidant response. The chemical composition of AEPL was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. AEPL treatment reduced PA-induced ROS production and lipid accumulation. Further molecular results revealed that AEPL restored cytochrome c in mitochondria and decreased caspase 3 activity to cease apoptosis. In addition, AEPL in PA-stressed HepG2 cells significantly reduced the ER stress and suppressed SREBP-1 activation for decreasing lipogenesis. For defending PA-induced oxidative stress, AEPL promoted Nrf2 expression and its target genes, SOD1 and GPX3, expressions. The present study suggested that AEPL protected from PA-induced lipotoxicity through reducing ER stress, increasing antioxidant ability, and inhibiting apoptosis. The efficacy of AEPL on lipotoxicity was probably concerned with kaempferol and isorhamnetin derived compounds.

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Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2195

Author(s):

Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽

Xuemei Zhao ◽

Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽

Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽

Bing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Passive Immunity ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽

Back Muscle ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

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Analysis of growth of broilers with restricting and unrestricting initial body weight in Gompertz-Laird model in different environments

Italian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4081/ijas.2010.e5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyrani Koncagul ◽

Sahin Cadirci

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Initial Body Weight

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Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.10.027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (3-4) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab ◽

Mohammad H. Ahmad ◽

Yassir A.E. Khattab ◽

Adel M.E. Shalaby

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

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Abstract 037: Role of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) Specific PTP1B in Differential Regulation of Blood Pressure, Liver Lipid Accumulation and Glucose Tolerance in Response to a High Fat Diet

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.037 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Aberdein ◽

Jussara M do Carmo ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Taolin Fang ◽

Cecilia P de Lara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

High Fat

Obese subjects are often resistant to leptin’s metabolic effects although blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nervous system responses appear to be preserved. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of leptin signaling, may play a role in promoting this selective leptin resistance and causing metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Our previous studies suggest that the chronic BP responses to leptin are mediated via activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. The goal of this study was to determine if PTP1B in POMC neurons differentially controls metabolic functions and BP in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male mice with POMC specific PTP1B deletion (POMC/PTP1B -/- ) and littermate controls (PTP1B flox/flox ) were fed a HFD from 6 to 22 wks of age. Baseline BP after 16 weeks of a HFD (95±2 vs. 95±3 mmHg) and BP responses to acute stress (Δ32±0 vs. Δ32±6 mmHg), measured by telemetry, were not different in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to control mice, respectively. Heart rate (HR) was not different in POMC/PTP1B -/- and control mice during acute stress (699±4 vs. 697±15 bpm, respectively). Total body weight (TBW) and fat mass were reduced at 20 weeks of age in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to controls (36.7±0.1 vs. 42.0±1 g TBW and 12.7±0.4 vs. 16.1±1.0 g fat mass, respectively). Liver weight of POMC/PTP1B -/- mice was less than in controls, and this was evident even when liver weight was normalized as % of TBW (4.5±0.2 vs. 5.0±0.2 %). POMC/PTP1B -/- males had reduced liver lipid accumulation compared to controls as measured by EchoMRI (0.08±0.03 vs. 0.15±0.03 g/g liver weight). Glucose tolerance was also improved by 46% in POMC/PTP1B -/- compared to controls as measured by AUC, 25856±1683 vs. 47267±5616 mg/dLx120min, respectively. These findings indicate that PTP1B signaling in POMC neurons plays a crucial role in regulating liver lipid accumulation and glucose tolerance but does not appear to mediate changes in BP or BP responses to acute stress in mice fed a high HFD (supported by NHLBI-PO1HL51971 and NIGMS P20GM104357)

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171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 61-61

Author(s):

Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽

Jose A Soto ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Random Effect ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

N Retention ◽

Biological Value ◽

Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P < 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P < 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

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