Canine Analogs of Human Personality Factors

1995 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Draper
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Rerin Maulinda ◽  
Wisnu Adi Pratama

A family of liquid literary works an expression of life through a form of language. Literary works were created through the events witnessed and perceived A person about an interesting side of life. Literary works are seen as A container that can present the author's life (Romance and Kusumaningrum, 2018, Hal. 2). One manifestation of the author expression is thought And his imaginative intuition regarding the embodied, which can be observed from In literary works, contained in reference to the ranks, and contained in the main character in the novel's breadth.People whose very different behavior  from the norms prevailing in a society called abnormal. Community norm in one society is different from others. So, something different called abnormal. To study about human behavior requires the science of psychology. For learning about human behaviour, we need a science. It is psychology. Which leaning about human character at all. Learning means that we have an effort to know, understand, elaborate, and describe the expression of human personality based on many aspects. This research aims to describe the personality aspect of Ajo Kawir and factors which influence his character in Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas , a novel authored by Eka Kurniawan. So, this paper aims to show that Ajo Kawir has abnormal behaviour. Research focuses on a leading figure in this novel, Ajo Kawir, in a psychology study. Literary psychology is a study of literary works based on psychological theory. Literary and psychological works are closely related, directly and functionally. Indirect links, due to literary and psychological works, have the same object of human life.This research-based on quantity description method. Data which use in this research are sentences and conversations in the story, who describe his behaviour and personality. The result of this research represents the childhod trauma of Ajo Kawir his behaviour, based on mindful theory, is a personality who has a rational soul function; those are mind and feeling. The unconscious approach consists of the things, personal unconscious and collective unconscious. His acts are personal unconscious due to pressure of himself. Therefore, he is compliant to do anything that pressures himself. Even, unconsciously the pressure starts changing his personality. Factors that changing his character are fundamental nature (endogen factor) and environment (exogen factor). Conflict of Ajo Kawir comes from internal and external conflicts. The growing process of Ajo Kawir's personality unconsciously makes Ajo Kawir has abnormal behaviour in society.   Sebuah karya sastra merupakan suatu ungkapan kehidupan melalui bentuk bahasa. Karya sastra diciptakan melalui kejadian yang disaksikan dan dirasakan seseorang mengenai sisi kehidupan yang menarik. Karya sastra dipandang sebagai wadah yang dapat merepresentasikan kehidupan pengarang (Asmara dan Kusumaningrum, 2018, p. 2). Salah satu wujud ekspresi pengarang ialah pemikiran dan intuisi imajinatifnya mengenai kepribadian, yang dapat diamati dari tokoh dalam karya sastra, seperti kepribadian yang mengacu pada tingkatan, serta kepribadian pada tokoh utama dalam sebuah novel.Orang yang tingkah lakunya sangat berbeda dari norma yang berlaku dalam suatu masyarakat disebut abnormal. Karena norma-norma tersebut berbeda antara masyarakat satu dengan yang ada di masyarakat lain, suatu perbuatan yang dianggap normal di suatu masyarakat, mungkin dianggap abnormal di masyarakat lain. Untuk mempelajari perilaku manusia membutuhkan ilmu psikologi. Psikologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dan hewan lainnya. Mempelajari perilaku manusia membutuhkan ilmu psikologi. Mempelajari berarti ada usaha mengenal, memahami, menguraikan dan menggambarkan tingkah laku dan kepribadian manusia berdasarkan aspek-aspeknya. Psikologi sastra merupakan pengkajian karya sastra yang berlandaskan oleh teori psikologi. Karya sastra dan psikologi memiliki kaitan yang erat, secara langsung dan fungsional. Kaitan yang tak langsung, karena karya sastra maupun psikologi memiliki objek yang sama yaitu kehidupan manusia. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan unutk mendeskripsikan aspek kepribadian dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kepribadian tokoh Ajo Kawir dalam novel Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas karya Eka Kurniawan sehingga menjadi perilaku abnormal. Penelitian berfokus pada tokoh utama Ajo Kawir dalam kajian psikologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskiptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk kalimat dan percakapan-percakapan tokoh Ajo Kawir dalam novel Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas yang menggambarkan seperti apa perilaku dan kepribadiannya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah aspek kepribadian Ajo Kawir berdasarkan trauma masa kecil Ajo Kawir. Alam Sadar (kesadaran) merupakan pribadi yang memiliki fungsi jiwa  rasional, yakni pikiran dan perasaan. Dalam kesadaran Ajo Kawir juga memiiliki sikap jiwa yang ekstrovert. Berdasarkan Alam Tak Sadar (ketaksadaran) yang dibagi dari ketaksadaran pribadi dan ketaksadaran kolektif. Tindakan- tindakan Ajo Kawir merupakan ketidaksadaran pribadi yang terjadi akibat tekanan yang ada di dalam dirinya sendiri sehingga Ajo Kawir rela melakukan tidakan apapun untuk mencoba melawan tekanan yang ada pada dirinya. Tanpa disadari, tekanan itu bahkan mulai merubah kepribadiannya. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kepribadian Ajo Kawir, yaitu faktor pembawaan dasar (faktor endogen) dan faktor lingkungan (faktor eksogen). Konfik yang dialami Ajo Kawir berasal dari konflik internal dan konflik eksternal. Kata  Kunci: Psikologi Analitis, Kepribadian, Perilaku Abnormal Tokoh Ajo Kawir


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hilger ◽  
Sebastian Markett

Abstract We propose that the application of network theory to established psychological personality conceptions has great potential to advance a biologically-plausible model of human personality. Stable behavioral tendencies are conceived as personality ‘traits’. Such traits demonstrate considerable variability between individuals, and extreme expressions represent risk factors for psychological disorders. Although the psychometric assessment of personality has more than hundred years tradition, it is not yet clear whether traits indeed represent ‘biophysical entities’ with specific and dissociable neural substrates. For instance, it is an open question whether there exists a correspondence between the multi-layer structure of psychometrically-derived personality factors and the organizational properties of trait-like brain systems. After a short introduction into fundamental personality conceptions, this article will point out how network neuroscience can enhance our understanding about human personality. We will examine the importance of intrinsic (task-independent) brain connectivity networks and show means to link brain features to stable behavioral tendencies. Questions and challenges arising from each discipline itself and their combination are discussed and potential solutions are developed. We close by outlining future trends and by discussing how further developments of network neuroscience can be applied to personality research.


Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.


2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Amelang ◽  
Petra Hasselbach ◽  
Til Stürmer

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.


Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars

Summary: Older adults consistently have the highest rates of suicide in most societies. Despite the paucity of studies until recently, research has shown that suicides in later life are best understood as a multidimensional event. An especially neglected area of research is the psychological/psychiatric study of personality factors in the event. This paper outlines one comprehensive model of suicide and then raises the question: Is such a psychiatric/psychological theory applicable to all suicides in the elderly? To address the question, I discuss the case of Sigmund Freud; raise the topic of suicide and/or dignified death in the terminally ill; and examine suicide notes of the both terminally ill and nonterminally ill elderly. I conclude that, indeed, greater study and theory building are needed into the “suicides” of the elderly, including those who are terminally ill.


2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.


1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 990-990
Author(s):  
Rae Carlson
Keyword(s):  

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