scholarly journals Compounded inequality: how the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program is failing Los Angeles Latino small businesses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Karina Santellano
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals The value of in-person banking: evidence from U.S. small businesses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Liang Han ◽  
Konstantinos Kallias ◽  
Antonios Kallias
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Soft Information ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Treatment Effect Models ◽  
The U.S

AbstractWe produce the first systematic study of the determinants and implications of in-person banking. Using survey data from the U.S., we show that firms which are informationally opaque or operate in rural areas are liable to contact their primary bank in-person. This tendency extends to older, less educated, and female business owners. We find that a relationship based on face-to-face communication, on average, lasts 17.88 months longer, spans a wider range of financial services, and is more likely to be exclusive. The associated loans mature 3.37 months later and bear interest rates which are 11 basis points lower. For good quality firms, in-person communication also relates to less discouraged borrowing. These results are robust to multiple approaches for endogeneity, including recursive bivariate probits, treatment effect models, and instrumental variables regressions. Overall, our findings offer empirical grounding to soft information theory and a note of caution to banks against suppressing channels of interpersonal communication.

“The Magna Carta to Liberate Our Cities”

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Casey D. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Chicano Movement ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Lyndon Johnson ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Starting in 1964, the U.S. federal government under President Lyndon Johnson passed an ambitious reform program that included social security, urban renewal, anti-poverty initiatives, and civil rights legislation. In cities like Los Angeles, these reforms fueled urban revitalization efforts in communities affected by economic decline. These reforms closed the gap between local residents and government officials in California and even subsequently brought the city’s African American and Mexican American population into greater political proximity. Looking closely at the impact of the Chicano Movement on the Model Cities Program, a federal initiative designed specifically for urban development and renewal, this article brings the role of U.S. government policy in shaping social justice priorities in Los Angeles, and the U.S. Southwest more broadly, into sharper view.

Framing the Bomb in the West

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Weapons Testing ◽  
Screen Space ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

Focused on the period of atmospheric (above-ground) nuclear weapons testing in the continental United States, from 1945 to 1963, this chapter, written by Susan Courtney, does two things. First, it describes some of the basic conditions and infrastructure that shaped the proliferation of films of nuclear weapons tests, including the U.S. government’s secret military film studio dedicated to this work in the hills above Los Angeles, known as Lookout Mountain Air Force Station or Lookout Mountain Laboratory. Second, it turns to the representational legacy that resulted, which was by no means limited to films made by or for the military. More specifically, it considers how footage of atomic tests in New Mexico and at the Nevada Test Site helped to shape the filmic record of nuclear weapons—and popular cultural memory—by framing the bomb in the desert West, arguably the screen space of American exceptionalism.

Empathy TV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Trade Books ◽  
Racial Reconciliation ◽  
Reality Show ◽  
Racial Impersonation ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
The U.S

The fourth chapter takes on the televisual rescripting of Sprigle, Griffin, and Halsell with a reading of the FX cable series, Black.White., a 2006 reality television show where two middle class families—one black and one white—“switched” races to experience racial difference. This chapter attends to how Black.White. moves the genealogy of empathetic racial impersonation from the theatrical stage, newspaper, trade books, and film to the visual logics of television. This shift reveals an investment in empathetic racial impersonation at a moment dominated by the changing discourses about race and race relations in the 21st century. Importantly, this chapter expands discussions of racial experimentation beyond the U.S. South. Set in Los Angeles, this “reality” show spuriously reinscribes the black/white binary even though Los Angeles has long been recognized as a multiracial city. By focusing on the fraught relationship between the two families, this chapter contends that Black.White. dramatically exposes the limits of empathetic racial experimentation as a tool of racial reconciliation. Ultimately, it evidences an empathetic failure in the cross-racial promise supposedly demonstrated by this seemingly new, but ultimately decades old, impersonation experiment. It also considers the histories and politics of whiteface.

Not Imprisonment in a Legal Sense

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lytle Hernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

The third chapter is a western tale of national and global import. That tale, which sutures the split between the history of incarceration within the United States and the history of deportation from the United States, swirls around the passage of the 1892 Geary Act, a federal law that required all Chinese laborers in the United States to prove their legal residence and register with the federal government or be subject to up to one year of imprisonment at hard labor and, then, deportation. Chinese immigrants rebelled against the new law, refusing to be locked out, kicked out, or singled out for imprisonment. Launching the first mass civil disobedience campaign for immigrant rights in the history of the United States, Chinese immigrants forced the U.S. Supreme Court to issue a set of sweeping and enduring decisions regarding the future of U.S. immigration control. Buried in those decisions, which cut through Los Angeles during the summer of 1893, lay the invention of immigrant detention as a nonpunitive form of caging noncitizens within the United States. It was then an obscure and contested practice of indisputably racist origins. It is now one of the most dynamic sectors of the U.S. carceral landscape.

Horton, Lester (1906–1953)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Dinerman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
York City ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Social Commentary ◽  
Dance Theater ◽  
Theater Production ◽  
American Modern Dance ◽  
The U.S

Lester Horton, regarded as one of the founders of American modern dance, worked outside the established center of New York City, establishing a permanent dance theater in Los Angeles in 1946. The Lester Horton Dance Theater was a multidisciplinary arts school for children and adults, offering training in all aspects of theater production; both the school and company were multiracial, a rarity at that time. Horton’s broad choreographic range allowed him to work in films, nightclubs, and on the concert stage. His fascination with folklore, cultural history, and ethnic dance informed his diverse body of work, with themes ranging from the classics to melodrama, social commentary to satire. Working with his dancers, most notably Bella Lewitzky, he developed the Horton technique over two decades of classroom work, which is still taught today in the U.S. and abroad. In addition to Lewitzky, Horton’s influence continued through the careers of Alvin Ailey, Janet Collins, Carmen de Lavallade, James Mitchell, Joyce Trisler, and James Truitte.

scholarly journals Some Children Left Behind

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elizabeth Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
South Central ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
South Central Los Angeles ◽  
The U.S

Using a combination of oral life history interviews, field observation, and conversations with undocumented Mexican immigrant parents raising children born in the United States in South Central Los Angeles, California, this in-depth consideration of the state of emergency they face as a result of the U.S. government's implementation of the Criminal Alien Program (CAP) and Secure Communities Program (SCP) reveals their uniquely local and transnational confrontation of an increasingly insecure family situation that stretches across the U.S.-Mexico border and throughout U.S. inner cities, like South Central Los Angeles. The visibly public alienation these children, most recently identified as citizen kids endure makes evident that tragically they are most vulnerable to the indignities born out of these programs. The convergence of minor offenses committed by their parents, the illegality of their immigration status, and these children's U.S. citizenship status have paved the way for an incalculable loss that is most palpable when pausing to observe their multifaceted alienation. The relationship between these children's citizenship status, family relationships, day to day interactions, and these program's implementation reveals an underestimated yet infinitely tragic state of emergency.

Franchising and Information Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 118-139
Author(s):  
Ye-Sho Cehn ◽  
Robert Justis ◽  
P. Pete Chong
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small Business Administration ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

According to Justis and Judd (1998), franchising is defined as “a business opportunity by which the owner (producer or distributor) of a service or a trademarked product grants exclusive rights to an individual for the local distribution and/or sale of the service or product, and in return receives a payment or royalty and conformance to quality standards. The individual or business granting the business rights is called the franchisor, and the individual or business granted the right to operate in accordance with the chosen method to produce or sell the product or service is called the franchisee.” Although the business of the franchisor is usually larger than the “satellite small businesses” of the franchisees, most franchisors manage mostly small and medium-size enterprises (Stanworth, Price, and Purdy, 2001). The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) recognizes this fact and sponsors various seminars in franchising, for example, business plan and raising capital, through regional Small Business Development Centers (Thomas and Seid, 2000). In addition, SBA sets up programs specifically designed for franchises (for example, Franchise Registry Web site: www.franchiseregistry.com) to streamline the review process for SBA loan applications (Sherman, 1999) and provide special incentives for franchisees to open locations in economically depressed areas (Thomas and Seid, 2000).

Cinema’s Municipalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-82
Author(s):  
Noah Tsika
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
National Model ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The One

This chapter considers the growing sophistication of collaborations between Hollywood and particular police forces during cinema’s first decades, showing how the locations of the emerging film industry—municipalities like New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles—decisively shaped that industry’s relationship to law enforcement. Representing a deliberate departure from the one- and two-reel films that had lampooned the police through slapstick and other farcical gestures, certain feature films also augured industrial trends that would run far deeper than onscreen depictions, involving law enforcement officials as more than just objects of narrative fascination. The national promotion of such films illustrates more than just the emergence of standardized, studio-dictated distribution and exhibition policies. It also indicates the coalescence of a national model of law enforcement that, like the strategies of circulation and ballyhoo determined at a studio’s corporate headquarters, experienced at least some degree of alteration at the local level, where municipal police departments, neighborhood cinemas, and other small businesses shaped, in idiosyncratic and often unpredictable ways, both professional methods and popular reception practices.

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