Part four: Infant mortality, birth interval and economic development: An example from rural Finland

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Mikko A. Salo ◽  
Heimo Välimäki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval

A World of Homicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Medium Level

The current study contrasts and compares the role of socioeconomic factors that explain variations in the homicide rate for 165 countries in 2010. Regression analyses demonstrate that economic development (GNI), inequality (Gini), and poverty (excess infant mortality) are significant predictors of the homicide rate for all countries. However, subsample analyses shows that income inequality, not economic development or poverty, predicts homicide for countries with a medium level of human development. Also, the variations in homicide for developing countries are inadequately explained by our model. To conclude, an analysis of the countries that exhibited significant discrepancies between their predicted and observed homicide rate is discussed.

scholarly journals 735Dynamics and Determinants of Birth Spacing in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sahu ◽  
C.M. Pandey ◽  
Shambhavi Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Previous Child

Abstract Background Birth spacing is an important determinant of the high fertility populations and has a strong bearing on maternal and infant health. The birth interval is composed of three major components namely postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA), waiting time to conception and gestation. To manage the high fertility in India, the present study is aimed to investigate the differential pattern of duration of birth interval components with respect to various socio demographic, child mortality, family planning services etc. Methods The data for this analysis was taken from National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4), provides information on population, health and nutrition for India and each State / Union territory. It gathered information from 601,509 households from overall India. Results Cox’ regression explores infant mortality, lactation, use of contraceptive devices, son preference and religion are found significant (P < 0.01) factors on the dynamics of birth interval components After adjustment of the effects of other explanatory variables, duration of breast feeding (P < 0.01), infant mortality (P < 0.01) and family income (P < 0.05) are found to have their significant impacts on the variation of PPA whereas death of previous child in infancy (P < 0.01), sex of previous child (P < 0.05), lactation (P < 0.01), education of mother (P < 0.05), and use of effective contraceptives have are found to be significant factors influencing the duration of waiting time to conception. Conclusions Among the determinants, infant mortality, lactation and religion have significant impacts on both duration variables in the Cox’s stepwise regression models. Key messages To control the growth of population, birth spacing must be maintained.

Reflections on Microfinance

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-207
Author(s):  
Sovik Mukherjee ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Microfinance has become the latest buzzword in the credit markets where it shoulders the responsibility of alleviating poverty coupled with socio-economic development. Dealing with microfinance coupled with the issue of poverty reduction, the first concern is to handle the twin objectives of poverty alleviation and achievement of financial self-sufficiency, which are often at loggerheads. To begin with, the present chapter constructs a five-dimensional human poverty index (HPI) in terms of the rate of unemployment, state wise illiteracy rate, state-wise infant mortality rate, state-wise percentage of population below the poverty line, and the percentage of population not having an access to electricity for the states across India. Thus, this will serve as an index for the extent of poverty. Consequently, a fall in the value of the index actually implies poverty alleviation. This empirical model does not justify the hypothesis that “microfinance reduces poverty” at the macro level using cross-state panel data for India.

scholarly journals Education and its Impact on Social Change in Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder S. Sarkaria ◽  
Shiwani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Female Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

<div><p><em>Significance of education in the development process has been well recognized by the educational planners, economists and development planners the world over. Based on empirical evidences of connection between education and socio-economic development, this paper posits that education is instrumental in the socio-economic development. Specifically, this paper examines the impact of educational progress on fertility rate, population growth rate, child/infant mortality rate, life expectancy, gender disparity, poverty of the state. The analysis is based on information of the entire state on various variables such as literacy rate, enrolment, per capita income, fertility rate, population growth rate, incidence of poverty, etc. gathered from the secondary sources from 1966 onward. To sort out the strength and direction of relationships between education and various components of social developments, data have been analyzed by employing simple regression models. </em></p><p><em>The findings show that female education at all levels has been found to be highly significant in lowering infant mortality. Male and female life expectancy at birth and at specific ages have been found to be positively related with enrolment at different educational levels.</em></p><p><em>In line with the research conducted in different parts of the world, this study also confirms that increased female education at all the stages (i.e. primary, elementary, secondary and for all education levels put together) consistently lowers fertility rates. </em></p><p><em> Our regression results show positive relationship between the progress of education at different stages and the gender disparity in infant mortality. Further, The poverty reduction effect of education has been confirmed from the inverse relationship of the educational progress at different stages of schooling with the incidence of deprivation (poverty). </em></p></div>

Determinants of Infant Mortality in Malawi: An Analysis to Control for Death Clustering within Families

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyovani J. Madise ◽  
Ian Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Familial Correlation ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Child Spacing ◽  
Death Clustering

SummaryThe 1988 Malawi Traditional and Modern Methods of Child Spacing Survey data are used to identify determinants of infant mortality in Malawi. The logistic binomial analysis shows that socioeconomic factors are significant even during the neonatal period while the length of the preceding birth interval is significant in the post-neonatal period only. There is a strong familial correlation of mortality risks during both the neonatal and post-neonatal periods but the effect of geographical area of residence is stronger in the post-neonatal period.

Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental determinants of infant mortality in Nepal

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhakta Gubhaju ◽  
Kim Streatfield ◽  
Abul Kashem Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
Policy Measures

SummaryThe Nepal Fertility and Family Planning Survey of 1986 demonstrated that demographic variables, previous birth interval and survival of preceding child, still predominated as determinants of infant mortality, particularly in rural areas of Nepal. However, in urban Nepal, where the level of socioeconomic development is higher, an environmental variable, along with previous birth interval and survival of preceding child emerges as important in determining infant mortality. Separate policy measures for child survival prospects in rural and urban Nepal are suggested.

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