scholarly journals Variation of larval size and adult emergence period of Boyeria irene (Fonscolombe, 1838) (Odonata: Aeshnidae) in the Francia River of western Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Patricia Casanueva ◽  
M. Ángeles Hernández ◽  
Luisa Nunes ◽  
Luis Fernando Sánchez-Sastre ◽  
Francisco Campos
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Western Spain

CYCLE BIOLOGIQUE DE PISSODES NOTATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) DANS LA REGION TOULOUSAINE (FRANCE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Alauzet
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Cycle Biologique ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pissodes Notatus ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe maximal emergence of Pissodes notatus (F.) adults takes place during July and August. It results from the different evolution of two populations:— a first population, whose complete development (from egg to adult) takes 11 or 12 months. This population corresponds to eggs laid after the middle of July (maximum egg laying during September). Most of the larvae having reached the third instar, it shows no more evolution during the winter; the further development takes place during the next spring, and adults emerge from mid-June to mid-July.— a second population resulting from egg laying, between February and July, of hibernated adults (maximum egg laying during April and May). The whole development being very short (2 to 3 months), the adults, corresponding to these eggs, emerge from the middle of July to the end of August.The observed differences between durations of the under-bark development (from 2 to 12 months) appear free of diapause and probably result from rates of development changing with temperature and instar.In our regional field temperature conditions, all the individuals reach finally their under-bark development approximatively at the same time, so that the adult emergence period takes place in July and August.

The Interaction of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the Parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Realistic Estimate ◽  
Host Generation

This is the second of a series of papers (Miller, 1959) describing the interaction of primary parasites and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), based on data collected during an outbreak of the budworm in northern New Brunswick during the period 1947–1958. The first paper showed that the interaction between the spruce budworm and Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. is adequately described by the general mathematicai model developed by Watt (1959). The data on the parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) to be presented in this paper are also analysed by means of Watt's model and consequently the method is essentially the same. There is, however, one important difference. In the case of A. fumiferanae, the estimated number of adult parasites was only an index based on the potential number emerging from the previous host generation. The observed density of G. fumiferanae is a more realistic estimate. It is based on the actual number of cocoons found on the foliage during the adult emergence period.

scholarly journals Effects of cold storage on the biological characteristics of Microplitis prodeniae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yan ◽  
J.J. Yue ◽  
C. Bai ◽  
Z.Q. Peng ◽  
C.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Field Release ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractThe endoparasitoid Microplitis prodeniae Rao and Chandry is an important potential augmentative biological control agent for lepidopteran pests of vegetables and tobacco. However, cold storage of pupae is required to ensure that sufficient parasitoids are available when they are needed in the field. In this study, pupae were maintained at 0, 4 or 10°C for 5–50 days after which the adults were evaluated for emergence, pre-emergence period, sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity. Cold storage did not affect the pre-emergence period or proportion of females; however, there was a significant reduction in emergence, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity with increased exposure to cold. The pre-emergence period was approximately 5 days, and approximately 50% of the emergent parasitoids were females. A cold storage regime of 10 days at 10°C had no effect on the parasitoids and adult emergence was greater than 50% even after 20 days at 10°C. There was no carryover of the cold treatment from parental to F1 and F2 generations. Thus, M. prodeniae can be stockpiled for field release by exposing the pupae to a cold regime and subsequently holding them for adult emergence at 28°C.

scholarly journals Seasonal phenology of Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) in New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000 It has since spread to Kerikeri Gisborne and Bay of Plenty where it causes sooty mould problems and possibly reduction in fruit colour and tree health issues The seasonal phenology of ACWF life stages and presence of natural enemies were assessed in citrus orchards in Kerikeri Auckland and Gisborne ACWF overwintered as a fourth instar/pupal stage In Kerikeri and Auckland the main adult emergence period was midOctober to January with distinct periods when each immature life stage was present In March a small percentage of the fourth instar/pupal population emerged as adults while the remainder overwintered before emerging the following spring Clear and distinct periods when eggs crawlers and nymphal stages were present were not seen in Gisborne No parasitoids emerged from sampled ACWF and none of the predators collected in this survey appeared have any significant impact on the high ACWF populations observed

LIFE HISTORIES OF COEXISTING SPECIES OF CERACLEA CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA: LEPTOCERIDAE): THE OPERATION OF INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN A STREAM ECOSYSTEM

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent H. Resh
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Mass Matrix ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Coexisting Species

AbstractBionomics of the stream caddisflies, Ceraclea transversa (Hagen) (= Athripsodes angustus Banks) and Ceraclea ancylus (Vorhies) (= Athripsodes ancylus (Vorhies)) were compared with generalized trichopteran life cycles. The univoltine detritus-feeding C. ancylus has five larval instars and a brief adult emergence period. C. transversa has five larval instars but two distinct cohorts, in which larvae of the first cohort feed entirely on freshwater sponge, overwinter as inactive prepupae, pupate, and emerge the following spring. The second larval cohort feeds on sponge until the onset of gemmulation in autumn, then the larvae must overwinter as active third- or fourth-instar detritus-feeders, pupating and emerging later in the summer than the first cohort. The detritus-feeding C. ancylus larvae have a diurnal feeding cycle. The sand case of C. ancylus and the silk-secreted case of C. transversa differ in shape and composition, although both species initiate case construction using egg mass matrix, silk, and detritus. Emergence, flight activity, sex ratios, and adult survival depart from reported generalizations of caddisfly biology. Neither the validity of generalizing typical life cycles in benthic studies, nor the rationale that congeneric species operate as a functional unit in stream dynamics, is substantiated.

Life histories of six species of Leptoceridae (Insecta: Trichoptera) in Victoria

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM St.Clair
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
University Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Temporary River

Life history studies were carried out for populations of six species of Leptoceridae. Study sites were a permanent river (Acheron), a temporary river (Lerderderg) and a permanent lake (Monash University). Life histories varied in degree of synchrony of larval development, in length of adult emergence period, and from bi- to semivoltine. Oviposition requirements of adults were found to be the major factor influencing synchrony of the life history of one species. Life history features did not ameliorate the effects of the severe drought of 1982-83, nor did drought result in large changes in life histories.

scholarly journals Relationships of Reproductive Traits with the Phylogeny of the African Noctuid Stem Borers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S32481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-André Calatayud ◽  
Stéphane Dupas ◽  
Brigitte Frérot ◽  
Gilles Genestier ◽  
Peter Ahuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Sesamia Calamistis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Species Specific

The display of the reproductive behavior in most noctuid Lepidoptera follows a diel periodicity and is limited to a precise period of either the day or the night. These behavioral traits and the sex pheromone chemistry can be species specific and thus might be linked to the phylogeny. The objective of this study was to test the relationship of these reproductive traits with phylogeny. The study was undertaken using eight closely related species of noctuid stem borers, which are easy to rear under artificial conditions, namely, Busseola fusca, B. nairobica, B. sp. nr. segeta, Manga melanodonta, M. sp. nr. nubifera, Pirateolea piscator, Sesamia calamistis, and S. nonagrioides. For each species, the adult emergence period, the mating time, and the oviposition period were estimated, referred as biological traits. The components of the sex pheromones emitted by the females of each species were also analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among the biological traits measured, only those linked to the oviposition pattern (timing and egg loads per night) were significantly correlated with the phylogeny of these species. For the sex pheromone components, among the 13 components identified in all species, only four, namely, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-TDA), Z11-TDA, E11-TDA, and Z11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-HDA), showed the highest significant correlations with the phylogeny. These results suggest that among the different reproductive traits evaluated, only few are phylogenetically constrained. Their involvement in the reinforcement of ecological speciation in noctuid stem borers is discussed.

Seasonal biology of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval–pupal parasitoid of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Conrad Cloutier ◽  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
David F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Trap Catches

The phenology of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval–pupal parasitoid of the spruce budworm, was studied in Quebec to evaluate its synchrony with the host. Adult emergence showed protandry and occurred when budworm larvae were in the second to the fifth instar. In Malaise trap catches, males were dominant during the emergence period but as this ended, females became dominant and remained so for the rest of the season. Females emerged with undeveloped ovaries and abundant fat reserves. The maturation of eggs was completed within 2 weeks after emergence and coincided with the appearance of sixth-instar budworm larvae. Potential fecundity was correlated with female body size. Females deposited, on average, 32% of potential eggs, many oocytes remaining undeveloped in the ovarioles. Oviposition on spruce budworm larvae was synchronized with peak abundance of the sixth instar. Winthemia fumiferanae prepupae, among other dipteran parasitoids of the spruce budworm, were the last to drop to the ground. There was evidence of a partial second generation but its incidence was below 1% under field conditions. More than 95% of the W. fumiferanae puparia were found between 0 and 40 mm below the soil surface. The importance of W. fumiferanae in spruce budworm outbreaks and factors that may reduce its efficacy as a mortality agent are discussed.

Some Biological Attributes of Sawflies in the Neodiprion fulviceps Complex in a Brushfield Pine Plantation (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1055-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Dahlsten
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Biological Differences

AbstractAlthough adults from each of four study areas in California showed no morphological differences and were identified as belonging to the Neodiprion fulviceps complex, a number of biological differences in different stages of development indicate that there are three distinct populations of one species or subspecies of a species in the, N. fulviceps complex in California.The life stages are typical of Neodiprion species. Overwintering as eggs, eclosion commences in the spring. The larvae drop to the ground after four to six feeding instars, spinning their cocoons in the duff beneath the host trees. Pre pupal larvae spend the summer in the cocoon; pupation occurs in the fall and adult emergence follows two to three weeks after.The foliage chosen for oviposition is mainly the current year's growth. Oviposition occurs largely in the upper crown of trees less than 10 feet in height, while in trees larger than 10 feet the lower crown is preferred. The outer two-thirds of the foliage of an individual tip and the lower gravitation edges of needles are favored for oviposition.Some of the differences supporting the belief that there are distinct species or subspecies include number of eggs per female, number of needles in each fascicle used for oviposition, number of eggs inserted in each needle, spacing of egg pockets, egg color, number of feeding instars, date of larval eclosion, larval size, and larval feeding capacity.Males and females emerged in synchrony in the laboratory and the field. Males predominated in cocoon collections but females predominated in rearings of larvae. This discrepancy in sex ratio may be due to a differential mortality factor. (In this study no prepupae were found to go into an extended diapause.)One adult morphological character was found that may be of significance in supporting the contention that distinct populations or subspecies occur. Females in one study area generally had more antennal segments than females in other areas. This character along with the biological differences may prove adequate to describe these populations as subspecies or even species in the future bur it was felt that additional names, at this time, would only add to the confusion in the genus. Such descriptions should wait until the entire N. fulviceps complex can be considered.

scholarly journals Biology and development of Sitophilus oryzae L. feeding on split pulses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vijay ◽  
K. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Female Longevity

An experiment was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Trichy in November- December 2013 to study the biology and development of Sitophilus oryzae L. under laboratory conditions. Observations were made on oviposition rate, total number of eggs, adult emergence per 100 grains, egg to adult survival percentage, adult longevity, adult emergence period and reproductive potential. The oviposition rate per female (9.43 nos), total number of eggs (94.30 nos), adult emergence per 100 grains (38.50 nos), reproductive potential (35.50 nos), egg to adult survival percentage (41.85), adult female longevity (12.88 weeks) and adult male longevity (8.33 weeks) were higher in redgram under room temperature condition feeding by the respective population as compared to controlled condition. In case of sorghum, all the above parameters were superior to redgram feeding by the respective population under room and controlled temperature condition. The larval (26.13 days), pupal (7.63 days) and adult emergence period (33.75 days) was maximum in lentil under room temperature as compared to controlled condition. In case of sorghum, larval, pupal and adult emergence period was minimum when compared to split pulses feeding by the respective population irrespective of temperature and humidity.

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