Development and characterization of allicin using palm stearin as a binder on urea granules

The characterization of MIM feedstock consisting of 63 vol% of copper powder with a binder system consisting of palm stearin (PS) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied. To achieve porous structure, sodium chloride (NaCl) was added as a space holder. The effect of shear rate (s-1), temperature (oC) and viscosity (Pa.s) on the rheological behavior of solid and porous copper feedstocks were investigated by using the Rosand RH2000 Capillary Rheometer at temperatures of 160, 170 and 180oC. The feedstocks achieved desirable injection molding characteristics such as pseudo-plastic behaviour, stable flow, flow behavior index less than 1 (n<1) and low activation energy (E). It can be concluded from the analysis that both feedstocks showed a good pseudo-plastic behavior within acceptable ranges in MIM.

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Formulasi dan Stabilitas Nanostructured Lipid Carrier dari Campuran Fraksi Stearin dan Olein Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan ◽

10.17728/jatp.3722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miftakhur Rohmah ◽

Sri Raharjo ◽

Chusnul Hidayat ◽

Ronny Martien

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Delivery System ◽

Ph Value ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽

High Shear ◽

Third Stage

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) adalah sistem pembawa berbasis lipida yang menggunakan kombinasi matriks berupa lipid padat dan cair yang distabilkan dengan penambahan surfaktan. NLC ini dikembangkan untuk memfasilitasi dispersi senyawa bioaktif hidrofobik dalam sistem hidrofilik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang tepat untuk menghasilkan dan mengevaluasi stabilitas NLC yang menggunakan fraksi stearin dan fraksi olein minyak kelapa sawit sebagai lipid padat dan cair serta penambahan surfaktan Tween 80. Tahap pertama penelitian ini adalah membuat formula NLC dengan menggunakan metode High Shear Homogenisasi dan Ultrasonication dengan rasio lipid padat:lipid cair adalah 5:5 sd. 9:1% b/b, rasio lipid:surfaktan sebesar 1:3 sd. 1:5% b/b, dan rasio lipid + surfaktan/air adalah 65, 70, 80 dan 85% b/b. Tahap kedua adalah pengujian stabilitas NLC terhadap sentrifugasi, pemanasan pendinginan, dan penyimpanan pada suhu ruang selama 30 hari. Tahap ketiga yaitu karakterisasi NLC stabil meliputi nilai pH, vikositas, ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersi (PDI), potensial zeta (ZP) dan morfologi NLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan NLC stabil pada rasio lipid padat:lipid cair sebesar 5:5 sd. 9:1, rasio lipid:surfaktan adalah 1:4 sd.1:5, rasio lipid + surfaktan/air sebesar 65, 70, 75 dan 80%, pH pada kisaran 6,28±0,15 sd. 6,44±0,11, viskositas sebesar 18,17±0,29 sd. 26,83±1,61 cP, ukuran partikel sebesar 164,3±6,6 s.d. 340±2,0 nm, PDI sebesar 0,20±0,01 sd. 0,53±0,01, ZP sebesar (-21,25±0,01) sd. (-33,70±0,44) mV, dan memiliki morfologi bulat. Kesimpulannya, informasi tentang formulasi dan stabilitas NLC sebagai sistem pembawa senyawa bioaktif hidrophobik dapat digambarkan dengan baik. Formulation and Stability of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Prepared from a Mixture of Palm Stearin and Palm OleinAbstractNanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) is a lipid-based delivery system using a matrix of solid and liquid lipids stabilized with surfactants, developed to facilitate the dispersion of hydrophobic bioactive compounds in hydrophilic systems. This study aimed to evaluate the formulation and stability of the NLC delivery system produced using palm stearin and palm olein as solid and liquid lipids as well as Tween 80 surfactant. As initial research, NLC formulations was done using the High Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication using the ratio of solid:liquid lipids of 5:5 to 9:1% w/w, ratio lipid:surfactant as much as 1:3 to 1:5% w/w, and lipid+surfactant/water as much as 65, 70, 80 and 85% w/w. The second stage was testing the NLC stability against centrifugation, cooling, heating, and storage at room temperature for up to 30 days. The third stage was characterization of stable NLC i.e. pH, viscosity, particle size, polydispersion index (PDI), potential zeta (ZP), and NLC morphology. The results showed stable NLC at the ratio of solid:liquid lipids as much as 5:5 to 9:1, ratio of lipid:surfactant was 1:4 to 1:5, ratio of lipid+surfactant/water was 65, 70, 75 and 80%, pH value was 6.28±0.15 to 6.44±0.11, viscosity 18.17±0.29 to 26.83±1.61 cP, particle size was 164.3±6.6 to 340±2.0 nm, PDI was 0.20±0.01 to 0.53±0.01, ZP (-21.25±0.01) to (-33.70±0.44) mV, and had spherical morphology. As conclusion, the design of NLC as a delivery system for bioactive compounds was presented succesfully.

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Rheological Behavior of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Feedstock for Ceramic Injection Moulding (CIM) Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.882.119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 882 ◽

pp. 119-123

Author(s):

Mahfuzah Zainudin ◽

Muhammad Hussain Ismail

Keyword(s):

Rheological Behavior ◽

Injection Moulding ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Flow Behavior Index ◽

Green Strength ◽

Ceramic Injection Moulding ◽

Behavior Index

The characterization of CIM feedstock consisting 58, 59, 60vol% of YSZ powder with binder system comprising a palm stearin (PS) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied. The effects of powder loading and temperature (°C) on the rheological behavior of the YSZ were investigated by using Rosand RH2000 Capillary Rheometer. The results showed all the feedstock achieved desirable injection moulding characteristics such as pseudoplastic behavior, flow behavior index (n) less than 1 and low activation energy (E). The rectangular parts were successfully injected moulded at optimum temperature of 170°C with the highest green strength was 12.7 N, obtained from 60 vol% powder loading which correspond to greater density and low porosity of the samples.

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Spectroscopic Characterization of Palm Stearin Biodiesel Derived Through Base Catalysed Transesterification Process

Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ◽

10.46488/nept.2020.v19i03.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 981-990

Author(s):

V. Hariram ◽

N. Bala Karthikeyan ◽

S. Seralathan ◽

T. Micha Premkumar ◽

J. Godwin John

Keyword(s):

Palm Stearin ◽

Spectroscopic Characterization

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Synthesis of margarine fat from sesame oil and palm stearin by chemical interesterification

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(s2).015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Siswanti ◽

P. Hastuti ◽

Supriyanto ◽

R.B.K. Anandito

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Interesterification ◽

Solid Fat ◽

Slip Melting Point ◽

Solid Fat Index ◽

Effect Ratio

The production of margarine fat is not only intended to be free from Trans Fatty Acid (TFA) but is also expected to have a higher quality from a nutritional aspect. In this research, margarine fat from sesame oil (SO) and palm stearin (PS) by a chemical interesterification was synthesized. Chemical interesterification is one of the processes used to modify the physico-chemical characteristics of oils and fats. An attempt to chemical-restructure palm stearin and sesame oil to form margarine fat which is suitable for margarine was investigated using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. The effect ratio of PS/SO in color, slip melting point, solid fat index, texture and triacylglycerols (TAGS) profile of margarine fat were studied in research. This research was conducted by three major stages; characterization of sesame oil and palm stearin, synthesis of margarine fat by physical blending and chemical interesterification, and characterization of margarine fat. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely the ratio of sesame oil and palm stearin. Margarine fat produced with different variations of the raw material concentration (% w/w SO:PS = 30:70; 40: 60; 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30). Chemical interesterification caused: rearrangement of triacylglycerols, reduction of S3 and U3 and increase in S2U and U2S type TAGs content of all blend, resulting in lowering of melting point, solid fat index and increase texture. Margarine fat in the % ratio of SO:PS = 60:40, has a similar characteristic (texture, slip melting point, solid fat index, and TAGS profiles) which margarine commercial, so has the potential to be developed in the manufacture margarine industry

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Feedstock Characterization of Elemental Nickel and Titanium Powders Mixture for Metal Injection Moulding Process

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.78 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 575 ◽

pp. 78-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosliza Razali ◽

Zulaila Abdullah ◽

Istikamah Subuki ◽

Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽

Norhamidi Muhamad

Keyword(s):

Injection Moulding ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Moulding Process ◽

Metal Injection Moulding ◽

Injection Moulding Process ◽

Initial Characterization ◽

Titanium Powders ◽

Internal Mixer

The success of metal injection moulding (MIM) process is significantly influenced by the homogeneity level of the powder-binder mixture (feedstock). This paper highlights some initial characterization of the feedstock containing elemental Ni and Ti powders mixture, (50.8 at.% Ni/ 49.2 at.% Ti) mixed with Palm stearin-based binder system. The feedstock was prepared using an internal mixer, HAAKE Rheomix at a temperature of 160°C for 2 hours. The feedstock was then characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Capillary Rheometer. All the results obtained were analyzed and discussed for further injection moulding process.

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Palm-Based Standard Reference Materials for Iodine Value and Slip Melting Point

Analytical Chemistry Insights ◽

10.4137/aci.s1052 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. ACI.S1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi ◽

Siew Wai Lin ◽

Ainie Kuntom

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Reference Materials ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Iodine Value ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Slip Melting Point ◽

Consensus Values

This work described study protocols on the production of Palm-Based Standard Reference Materials for iodine value and slip melting point. Thirty-three laboratories collaborated in the inter-laboratory proficiency tests for characterization of iodine value, while thirty-two laboratories for characterization of slip melting point. The iodine value and slip melting point of palm oil, palm olein and palm stearin were determined in accordance to MPOB Test Methods p3.2:2004 and p4.2:2004, respectively. The consensus values and their uncertainties were based on the acceptability of statistical agreement of results obtained from collaborating laboratories. The consensus values and uncertainties for iodine values were 52.63 ± 0.14 Wijs in palm oil, 56.77 ± 0.12 Wijs in palm olein and 33.76 ± 0.18 Wijs in palm stearin. For the slip melting points, the consensus values and uncertainties were 35.6 ± 0.3 °C in palm oil, 22.7 ± 0.4 °C in palm olein and 53.4 ± 0.2 °C in palm stearin. Repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviations were found to be good and acceptable, with values much lower than that of 10%. Stability of Palm-Based Standard Reference Materials remained stable at temperatures of -20 °C, 0 °C, 6 °C and 24 °C upon storage for one year.

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Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051281 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 254-255

Author(s):

B. L. Soloff ◽

T. A. Rado

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽

Complete Lysis ◽

Lysogenic Culture ◽

Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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