Trust in Medicine as a Factor Conditioning Behaviors Recommended by Healthcare Experts during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Objective: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, public health experts have faced the challenge of convincing people to change their everyday habits. This study aims to evaluate the impact of trust in medicine on Polish citizens’ adherence to recommended behaviors. Methods: An online survey was conducted on a quota sample of adult Poles (n = 1072) during the second wave of COVID-19. Results: The trust-in-medicine index was created from statements relating to trust in healthcare professionals, vaccines, and medicines. This index showed that 27.1% of respondents expressed low trust, 36.7% expressed moderate trust, and 36.3% expressed high trust. The recommended behavior index was created from nine statements. This index showed that 15.8% of respondents had low adherence, 38.2% had moderate adherence, and 46.0% had high adherence to the healthcare experts’ recommendations. One-way analysis of variance showed that people with a high trust had significantly higher scores on the recommended behavior index when compared to people with a moderate or low trust. Conclusions: This study suggests that those responsible for health policy should put more effort into building trust not only in health professionals, but also in pharmaceutical companies. We also determined the socio-demographic features of people to whom such actions of trust building should be directed.

Effect of Drying Techniques on the Physical, Functional, and Rheological Attributes of Isolated Sunflower Protein and Its Hydrolysate

The influence of freeze and convection (at 40 and 50 °C) drying on the physical, functional, and rheological attributes of sunflower protein (SP) and its hydrolysate (SPH) was investigated. Compared with convectively-dried samples, the lightness, turbidity, bulk density, and particle size values of the freeze-dried SP and SPH were substantially higher, but the browning index was lower (p < 0.05). Additionally, freeze-dried samples exhibited good solubility and foaming characteristics, whereas lower emulsion properties with the most pH values were observed. Furthermore, SPHs possessed higher solubility as well as foamability over SPs under varying pH values (2.0–10.0), whilst reduction in the emulsion activity index was clearly observed (p < 0.05). Convectively-dried powders exhibited greater viscosity and consistency coefficient; and significantly lower flow behavior index of dispersions, relative to the respective freeze-dried preparations, indicating that dehydration methods influenced the flow behavior of the investigated samples. From a molecular weight analysis, convectively-dried samples at various temperatures were characterized with high proportion of small-sized particles at ≤1 kDa fractions over the respective powders obtained by freeze drying. The observations made, thus, would benefit food processors and manufacturers in electing better dehydration technique based on the desired traits of SP and SPH powders for successful application in food product formulations.

Physicochemical Properties of Enzymatically Modified Starches

The physicochemical properties of native, annealed and enzyme-treated chickpea (CP), corn (CS), Turkish bean (TB) and sweet potato (SPS) were investigated. Germinated sorghum extract (GSET) was used as the source of enzymes. Starches were annealed in excess water by holding the slurry at 60 °C for 60 min with or without GSET. The flow curves/rheological data were fitted to the power law, Casson and Herschel–Bulkley models. Starches exhibited shear thinning behavior and a variation in the flow behavior index (n) (0.34–0.82) as a function of the starch type. The consistency index (k) of CP and CS decreased with annealing and GSET treatment but increased for TB and SPS. Annealed and GSET-treated SPS exhibited the highest yield stress compared to the other starches, except for CP. The temperature dependency of all starches was well described by the Arrhenius model (r2 = 0.88–0.99). The activation energy (Ea) values were in the range of 660–5359 (J/mol). The TB exhibited the most Ea and SPS the least. With the exception of SPS, annealing appeared to increase the Ea of all tested starches, but the range of Ea was broader for SPS and CS. Annealed and GSET starches exhibited an increase in the gelatinization temperatures (onset and peak) and a decrease in gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH). The syneresis and water holding capacity decreased after annealing or GSET treatment.

Effect of grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier) paste addition on rheological behavior of Mole Poblano

Objective: Analyze the effect of grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier) paste addition on the rheological behavior of Mole Poblano (MP) and its relation with the technological properties of the grasshopper paste. Design/methodology/approach: The addition of grasshopper paste was done at different proportions as follows: T0= 0% of grasshopper paste (GP) and 100% of mole Poblano (MP); T10=10% GP and 90% MP; T15=15% GP and 85% MP, T20=20% GP and 80% MP, T25=25% GP and 75 % MP, T30=30% GP and 70% MP. Water retention and emulsifying capacity of grasshopper paste were evaluated. Density, kinematic and apparent viscosity, and rheological behavior were analyzed at 25ºC; rheological parameters (consistency index (k) and flow behavior index (n)) were calculated by performing a regression analysis to adjust the graphs to a power-law model. Findings/conclusion: Grasshopper paste had higher emulsifying capability than water retention capability. Apparent viscosity of all formulations decreased as shear rate increased, so all mixtures of GP and MP demonstrated No-Newtonian behavior and pseudoplastic performance. Index consistency increased as GP content increased, these results are related with protein content because GP had a good emulsifying capability. Limitations on study/implications: More studies about the characterization of the proteins of GP and their interaction with other components are required.

Dynamics of a Gel-Based Artificial Tear Film with an Emphasis on Dry Disease Treatment Applications

This paper discusses the spreading of gel-based ophthalmic formulation on the cornea surface assumed to be flat. We show that gel-based formulations exhibit rheological behaviors that the Herschel–Bulkley model can describe. The continuity and momentum equations are solved numerically using the monofluid formulation and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. We investigated the influence of the rheological properties, namely the consistency, the yield stress, and the flow behavior index, on the spreading of a gel-based artificial tear over the cornea surface. We propose optimal values of these properties for efficient gel-based artificial tears.

PSIV-B-29 Evaluating the effect of different feeding strategies in feeding behavior through a novel behavior index integrating several components of the feeding behavior of finishing pigs

Feeding behavior is an area of study that links the nutritional and behavioral sciences. However, describing the feeding behavior of pigs is difficult given the diversity of variables available and the large day-to-day intra-animal variation. The objectives of this study were to create an index integrating information from several components of feeding behavior that accounts for intra-animal variation, and to evaluate the capability of this index to study the impact of different feeding strategies in pigs’ feeding behavior. Feed intake information from 160 pigs during the last 28 days of the finishing phase from 3 datasets was used. For each pig, the sum of the absolute values of the deviation areas between the regression line of the relative cumulative feed intake and the observed cumulative feed intake was used to calculate the weekly index measuring the irregularity of feed intake (IIFI). Spearman’s correlations of IIFI with the number of daily meals (r = -0.42; P &lt; 0.001), meal duration (r = 0.38; P &lt; 0.01), and feed intake per meal (r = 0.41; P &lt; 0.01) indicate that pigs with high IIFI have fewer meals of longer duration and higher feed intake compared to pigs with low IIFI. Analysis of variance in datasets 1 and 2 showed that moving from conventional to feeding precision systems does not interfere with the feeding behavior of finishing pigs (P &gt; 0.05). In dataset 3, pig feeding behavior was more regular in control diets than for pigs fed fibrous diets (IIFI; 164 vs. 197, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, IIFI was smaller in pigs fed canola than in pigs fed wheat by-product diets. These results indicate that IIFI integrates information from several components of the feeding behavior of pigs and demonstrates its potential to evaluate the effect of feeding strategies on feeding behavior.

Perilaku Maladaptive Anak dan Pengukurannya

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah berupaya memahami perilaku maladaptive anak dan pengukurannya. Perilaku maladaptive anak merupakan perilaku anak yang tidak mampu menyesuaikan diri atau beradaptasi dengan keadaan sekelilingnya secara wajar, dan tidak mampu beradaptasi sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan usianya. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang ditimbulkan dari perilaku maladaptive anak dapat menghambat tercapainya perkembangan anak secara optimal. Memahami perilaku maladaptive anak sangat penting untuk meminimalisasi dampak dan tingkat keparahan perilaku. Tulisan ini merupakan reviu literatur. Hasil reviu dalam tulisan ini merupakan bahan rujukan untuk menambah pemahaman terkait konsep perilaku maladaptive anak dan pengukurannya. Perilaku maladaptive anak terbagi dua, yaitu: 1) perilaku maladaptive internalizing, digambarkan seperti ketergantungan, sikap acuh tak acuh, kesulitan makan dan tidur, cemas, perasaan penolakan, perubahan suasana hati, rendahnya kontak mata, kurangnya interaksi sosial; 2) perilaku maladaptive externalizing, dikarakteristikkan seperti perilaku impulsif, tantrum, ketidakpatuhan, tidak peka terhadap orang lain, agresif, keras kepala. Pengukuran untuk menguji perilaku maladaptive anak yang umum digunakan dalam penelitian, diantaranya: 1) Maladaptive Behavior Index-Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (MBI-VABS, Sparrow, et al.); 2) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, Goodman); dan 3) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach).

Flow Induced By A Rotating Microchannel-A Numerical Study

In this paper, a mathematical foundation has been developed for the primary understanding of complex interaction of the wall slip with the Coriolis and Lorentz forces acting orthogonally on the Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of a power-law fluid in a microchannel. Modified Navier Stokes equations are solved numerically by incorporating the fully implicit computational scheme with suitable initial and boundary conditions, which generates numerical results in excellent comparison with the literature for a certain limiting case. An extensive effort has been made to understand how the Hartmann number, fluid behavior index, rotating Reynolds number, and slip parameter affects the flow. Results show the velocity of the power-law fluid depends strongly on flow parameters. Critical Hartmann number can be obtained for the power-law fluid in presence of uniform electric and magnetic fields. As a promising phenomenon, existence of a cross over point (which depends upon the fluid behavior index) for the centerline flow velocity, has also been predicted. Reduction in the shear stress and fluid viscosity can be controlled effectively by incorporating a slippery film of lubricant on the periphery of the microchannel. This work is useful to meet the upcoming challenges of future generation, like improvement in bio-magnetic-sensor technologies as well as electrical and mechanical mechanisms.