Effects of casing treatment on behavior of tip leakage flow in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Taghavi-Zenouz ◽  
Siamak Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Blade Row

Numerical Study on the Effects of Casing Treatment on Unsteadiness of Tip Leakage Flow in an Axial Compressor

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoojun Hwang ◽  
Shin-Hyoung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Flow Through

A low speed axial compressor with casing treatment of axial slots was numerically investigated. Time-accurate numerical calculations were performed to simulate unsteady flow in the rotor tip region and the effects of casing treatment on the flow. Since the compressor rotor had a large tip clearance, it was found that the tip leakage flow had an inherent unsteady feature that was not associated with rotor rotation. The unsteadiness of the tip leakage flow was induced by changes in the blade loading due to the pressure distribution formed by the tip leakage flow. This characteristic is called rotating instability or self-induced unsteadiness. The frequency of the flow oscillation was found to decrease as the flow rate was reduced. On the other hand, as expected, the operating range was improved by casing treatment, as shown by calculations in good agreement with the experimentally measured data. The unsteadiness of the tip leakage flow was alleviated by the casing treatment. The interaction between the flow in the tip region and the re-circulated flow through the axial slots was observed in detail. The removal and injection of flow through the axial slots were responsible not only for the extension of the operating range but also for the alleviation of the unsteadiness. Analyses of instantaneous flow fields explained the mechanism of the interaction between the casing treatment and the unsteady oscillation of the tip leakage flow. Furthermore, the effects of changes in the amount of re-circulation and the location of the removal and injection flow on the unsteadiness of the tip leakage flow were examined.

Influence of Blade Tip Fillet Structure on Aerodynamic Performance of a Compressor Rotor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohao Wang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Limin Gao ◽  
Yongzeng Li ◽  
Chi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Tip Separation Vortex

Abstract This paper deals with the numerical simulation of a passive control technology to increase the performance of the first rotor in a counter-rotating axial compressor. The objective is to extend the stable operating range of an axial compressor rotor using blade tip fillet structure that located on the blade tip pressure side. Firstly, the behavior of the tip leakage flow is investigated for the compressor rotor without passive treatment. The simulations show the loading of blade tip increases as the mass flow rate decreases, which pushed the location of tip leakage vortex and tip separation vortex forward to leading edge. A blockage in the rotor blade passage is also observed at near stall conditions. Then, a rotor blade tip fillet structure (TFS) is tested in order to control leakage flow in the tip region. Steady calculations were conducted to investigate the impact of TFS on the performance of the compressor rotor. The results show that TFS could extend the operating range with no penalty for efficiency when the fillet structure located on the blade tip pressure side. The flow control mechanisms of tip leakage flow are that TFS has a good ability to weaken the tip separation vortex and make the tip leakage vortex closer to the blade suction surface compared to origin rotor blade. It is founded that TFS may lead to a increase of leakage flow mass rate near tip clearance region that resulted in the addition of mixing loss. It is significant to obtain a balance between the benefits of weakening the tip separation vortex and the damage of mixing loss.

Study of the Standard k-ε Model for Tip Leakage Flow in an Axial Compressor Rotor

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Gao ◽  
Yangwei Liu ◽  
Luyang Zhong ◽  
Jiexuan Hou ◽  
Lipeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Compressor Rotor

AbstractThe standard k-ε model (SKE) and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) are employed to predict the tip leakage flow (TLF) in a low-speed large-scale axial compressor rotor. Then, a new research method is adopted to “freeze” the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate of the flow field derived from the RSM, and obtain the turbulent viscosity using the Boussinesq hypothesis. The Reynolds stresses and mean flow field computed on the basis of the frozen viscosity are compared with the results of the SKE and the RSM. The flow field in the tip region based on the frozen viscosity is more similar to the results of the RSM than those of the SKE, although certain differences can be observed. This finding indicates that the non-equilibrium turbulence transport nature plays an important role in predicting the TLF, as well as the turbulence anisotropy.

Extensive Experimental Study of Circumferential Single Groove in an Axial Flow Compressor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Li ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Sichen Wang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Chaoqun Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Tip Leakage

Circumferential single-groove casing treatment becomes an interesting topic in recent few years, because it is a good tool to explore the interaction between the groove and the flow in blade tip region. The stall margin improvement (SMI) as a function of the axial groove location has been found for some compressors, such a trend cannot be predicted by steady high-fidelity CFD simulations. Recent efforts show that to catch such a trend, multi-passage, unsteady flow simulations are needed as the stalling mechanism itself involves cross-passage flows and unsteady dynamics. This indicates a need to validate unsteady numerical simulation results. In this paper, an extensive experimental study of a total of fifteen single casing grooves in a low-speed axial compressor rotor is presented, the groove location varies from 0.4% to 98.3% of axial tip chord are tested. The unsteady pressure data both at casing and at the blade wake with different groove locations are measured and processed, including the movement of trajectory of tip leakage flow, the evolution of unsteadiness of tip leakage flow (UTLF), the unsteady spectrum signature during the stall process, and the outlet unsteady flow characteristic along the span. These data provide a case study for validation of the unsteady CFD results, and may be helpful for further interpretation on the stalling mechanism affected by circumferential casing grooves.

Stall Inception and Development Process Due to Tip Leakage Flow in Axial Compressor Rotor Blades Row

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Taghavi-Zenou ◽  
S. Abbasi ◽  
S. Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Compressor Rotor

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with tip leakage flow structure in subsonic axial compressor rotor blades row under different operating conditions. Analyses are based on flow simulation utilizing computational fluid dynamic technique. Three different circumstances at near stall condition are considered in this respect. Tip leakage flow frequency spectrum was studied through surveying instantaneous static pressure signals imposed on blades surfaces. Results at the highest flow rate, close to the stall condition, showed that the tip vortex flow fluctuates with a frequency close to the blade passing frequency. In addition, pressure signals remained unchanged with time. Moreover, equal pressure fluctuations at different passages guaranteed no peripheral disturbances. Tip leakage flow frequency decreased with reduction of the mass flow rate and its structure was changing with time. Spillage of the tip leakage flow from the blade leading edge occurred without any backflow in the trailing edge region. Consequently, various flow structures were observed within every passage between two adjacent blades. Further decrease in the mass flow rate provided conditions where the spilled flow ahead of the blade leading edge together with trailing edge backflow caused spike stall to occur. This latter phenomenon was accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Further revolution of the rotor blade row caused the spike stall to eventuate to larger stall cells, which may be led to fully developed rotating stall.

A Study of the Heat Transfer in Winglet and Squealer Rotor Tip Configurations for a Non-Cooled HPT Blade Based on CFD Calculations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilene Moraes da Silva ◽  
Jesuino Takachi Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Energy Transfer Process ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Blade Row ◽  
The Common

HPT operate at high pressure and temperatures. One of the most important loss sources is the tip leakage flow on the rotor tip region. The flow that leaks in this region does not participate in the energy transfer process between the hot gas and rotor blade row. Hence, the main flow suffers a penalty to maintain the energy conservation. To try decreasing this mass flow leakage some techniques can be applied. The most common are the winglet and squealer rotor tip configuration. These techniques improve the turbine performance, but some attention should be taken into account because the temperature distribution changes on this region for different tip configurations. In this work, the winglet and squealer tip geometries are compared with the common flat tip configuration. The analysis was performed for design and off-design conditions. The HPT developed in the E3 program was used as baseline turbine to explore the differences of the flowfield on the rotor tip region. The results are compared and discussed in detail.

Numerical Investigation on Slot Casing Treatment in a Transonic Axial Compressor Stage: Part 1 — Casing Treatment Design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingmin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqing Qiang ◽  
Jinfang Teng
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Compressor Stage ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Stall Margin ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Stall Margin Improvement

Slot-type casing treatment generally has a great potential of enhancing the operating range for tip-critical compressor rotors, however, with remarkable efficiency drop. Part I of this two-part paper was committed to develop a slot configuration with desired stall margin improvement and minimized efficiency loss. Steady simulation was carried out in a 1.5 transonic axial compressor stage at part design rotating speed. At this rotating speed this compressor stage operated at a subsonic condition and showed a rather narrow operating range, which needed to be improved badly. Flow fields analysis at peak efficiency and near stall point showed that the development of tip leakage vortex and resulting blockage near casing resulted in numerical stall. Three kinds of skewed slots with same rotor exposure and casing porosity were designed according to the tip flow field and some empirical strategies. Among three configurations, arc-curved skewed slot showed minimum peak efficiency drop with considerable stall margin improvement. Then rotor exposure and casing porosity were varied based on the original arc-curved skewed slot, with a special interest in detecting their impact on the compressor stability and overall efficiency. Result showed that smaller rotor exposure and casing porosity leaded to less efficiency drop. But meanwhile, effectiveness of improving compressor stability was weakened. The relation between efficiency drop and stall margin improvement fell on a smooth continuous curve throughout all slots configurations, indicating that the detrimental effect of casing treatment on compressor was inevitable. Flow analysis was carried out for cases of smooth casing and three arc-curved configurations at smooth casing near stall condition. The strength of suction/injection, tip leakage flow behavior and removal of blockage near casing were detailed examined. Larger rotor tip exposure and slots number contributed to stronger injection flow. The loss generated within the mixing process of injection flow with main flow and leakage flow is the largest source of entropy increase. Further loss mechanisms were interpreted at eight axial cuts, which were taken through the blade row and slots to show the increase in entropy near tip region. Entropy distributions manifested that loss generations with smooth casing were primarily ascribed to low-momentum tip leakage flow/vortex and suction surface separation at leading edge. CU0 slot, the arc-curved slots with 50% rotor tip exposure, was capable of suppressing the suction surface separation loss. Meanwhile, accelerated tip leakage flow brought about additional loss near casing and pressure surface. Upstream high entropy flow would be absorbed into the rear portion of slots repeatedly, resulting in further loss.

A Numerical Investigation of the Flow Mechanisms in a HPC Front Stage With Axial Slots

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wilke ◽  
H.-P. Kau
Keyword(s):  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Flow Stability ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Blade Passage ◽  
Casing Treatment ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Front Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

This paper describes the impact of axial slots on the flow field in a transonic rotor blade row. The presented results are completely based on time-accurate 3-dimensional numerical simulations of a high pressure compressor front stage with and without casing treatment. Two different axial positions of a casing treatment consisting of axial slots were tested for their impact on flow stability and efficiency. The first tested position (configuration 1) was chosen in a conventional way. The slots extend approximately from the leading up to the trailing edge of the rotor blades. As expected, the simulations of the compressor stage with this configuration showed a significant increase in flow stability near surge compared to the solid wall case. However, a non negligible decrease in efficiency is also observed. Analyses of flow interactions between casing treatment and rotor blade rows under transonic conditions lead to the general conclusion that the stabilizing effect of circumferential grooves or axial slots mainly results from their impact on the tip leakage flow and its resulting vortex. A characteristic vortex inside the slots is observed in the simulations with the conventionally positioned casing treatment. This vortex removes fluid out of downstream parts of the blade passage and feeds it back into the main flow further upstream. The resulting impact on the tip leakage flow is responsible for the increased flow stability. However, the interaction between the configuration 1 casing treatment flow and the blade passage flow results in a significant relocation of the blade passage shock in the downstream direction. This explains the observed decrease in compressor efficiency. A second slot position (configuration 2) was tested with the objective to improve compressor efficiency. The casing treatment was shifted upstream, so that only 25% of the blade chord remained under the slots. The simulations carried out demonstrate that this shift positively effects the resulting efficiency, but maintains the increased level of flow stability. A time-accurate analysis of the flow shows clearly that the modified casing treatment stabilizes the tip leakage vortex and reduces the influence on the flow inside the blade passage.

Numerical simulation of unsteady tip clearance flow in an isolated axial compressor rotor blades row

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Taghavi-Zenouz ◽  
S Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Clearance Flow

Three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations were carried out to analyse tip clearance flow in a low-speed isolated axial compressor rotor blades row. A flow solver has been used for the current study utilizing the large eddy simulation (LES) technique. Periodic tip leakage flow and its propagation trajectories were simulated in detail. A number of pseudo pressure transducers were imposed on the pressure side of the blade for detection of unsteady surface pressures to provide a calculation of tip leakage flow frequencies. Two different sizes of tip clearance were considered for simulations and analyses. Non-dimensional frequencies of the tip leakage flow were calculated and final results were compared to those of existing numerical and experimental data. Final results demonstrated that in contrast to the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model, the LES method shows considerable dependency of frequency characteristics of the tip leakage flow to the gap size and can detect different frequency spectrums along the blade surface. All the results obtained through the current numerical approach were in close agreement with those of existing experimental data.

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