Associations Between Self-Control, Practice, and Skill Level in Sport Expertise Development

Two hallmark criteria are commonly used to determine whether a variable of interest has an impact on sport expertise development: (a) discrimination of performance or skill levels and (b) association with time spent in deliberate practice activities. Our opinion is that there has been warranted criticism of the deliberate practice framework and greater methodological rigour will invigorate survey research in this area. In this paper, we aimed to provide critical perspectives on self-report methods previously used to assess group discrimination and to measure deliberate practice in survey-based work in the context of sport expertise as well as to illustrate steps that could be taken to improve confidence in the validity and reliability of these measures. First, we focus on challenges discriminating between multiple, progressively skilled groups of athletes and outline two strategies: one aimed at improving the validity of skill grouping using standardized performance measures, and another illustrating how researchers can assess variability within skill levels. Second, we highlight challenges in measuring deliberate practice activities and propose a funnel method of narrowing athletes’ estimates from general sport activity to highly individualized, purposeful practice. We argue more attention is needed on the development of self-report methods and measurements to reliably and validly assess sport expertise development.

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How Coaches See Conscientiousness-Related Traits and Their Impact on Athletes’ Training and Expertise Development

International Sport Coaching Journal ◽

10.1123/iscj.2018-0074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Rafael A. B. Tedesqui ◽

Bradley W. Young

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Skill Development ◽

Team Sports ◽

Self Control ◽

Expertise Development ◽

Expert Performance ◽

Training Environment ◽

Skill Levels ◽

Partial View

Conscientiousness, grit, and self-control are personality characteristics that have been shown to differentially predict several criteria of expertise development, including athletes’ deliberate practice and higher skill levels. However, little is known about coaches’ views on (a) how these conscientiousness-related traits translate into behaviors within the daily training environment or (b) the relevance of these traits for athletes’ quantity and quality of practice and development toward expert levels of performance. To fill these gaps, semistructured open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 high-performance coaches (nine males and two females) of individual and team sports, and national and international competitive levels. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis guidelines. The coaches’ descriptions evidenced some overlap between the investigated traits and a partial view of these constructs. They generally believed that grit, conscientiousness, and self-control play critical roles on athletes’ quality of practice and skill development. Notably, the coaches highlighted that tendencies to persevere despite adversity and mindfully use self-regulated processes seem to be powerful predispositions for athletes’ development toward expert performance levels. The results suggested potential mechanisms to help explain the observed relationship between conscientiousness-related traits and athletes’ quality of practice and skill development.

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COPING STRATEGIES USED BY HOSPITAL EMERGENCY NURSES

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago da Silva Santana ◽

Maria Lúcia Silva Servo ◽

Anderson Reis de Sousa ◽

Elaine Guedes Fontoura ◽

Rebeca Maria Oliveira de Góis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Self Control ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Hospital Emergency ◽

Emergency Nurses ◽

Mutual Help ◽

The Public ◽

Control Practice ◽

Exploratory Approach ◽

The Face

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the Coping Strategies used by hospital emergency nurses. Method: qualitative study with a descriptive exploratory approach, conducted with 15 nurses from an emergency hospital department in the public healthcare network of a municipality in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The semi-structured in-depth interview was used. Data were collected from April to June 2017. The findings are based on the collective subject discourse method, supported by the theoretical Coping framework. Results: the presence of stress generating situations is significant in the work of hospital emergency nurses, causing social, labor and psychosomatic repercussions to emerge emotional or psychiatric disorders that affect the body's functionality, including physical repercussions. The development of Coping Strategies arises in the face of the need to cope with stressors. They involve the use of personal, social and spiritual resources, and reveal themselves in positive and/or negative responses. The discourse revealed that, when focused on the problem (management of the stressor), they seek to strengthen social support, plan their daily activities and establish a dialogic and mutual help relationship with the team; when centered on emotion (regulation of emotions or distress), they exercise the search and maintenance of emotional control, practice self-control, move away from the stressor element and invest in physical activity and leisure practices. Conclusion: the nurse employs different Coping Strategies which are essential and indispensable to avoid increasing stress levels and triggering negative repercussions. The strategies undertaken are now centered on the problem, or emotion.

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Sport expertise development and the constraints-led approach

Conexões ◽

10.20396/conex.v17i0.8649755 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. e019001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luiz Uehara ◽

Chris Button ◽

Keith Davids

Keyword(s):

Review Article ◽

The Body ◽

Movement Behavior ◽

Expertise Development ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Sport Expertise ◽

Study Results

Objective: This review article delineates some important theoretical concepts that inform sport expertise acquisition studies. In particular, the principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory have united together to form the ecological dynamics, a framework that provides the perfect platform through which to study the role of socio-cultural constraints upon sport expertise. Methodology: The body of information collected for this article was primarily extracted from peer- reviewed articles and academic books. This review article used Brazilian soccer as the case study. Results and discussion: Whilst the sports expertise literature has been guilty of somewhat polarising the influence of either practice or inherited attributes upon motor learning there are nonetheless many useful lessons to be learnt from this review article. For example, sport expertise development takes place over many years and includes numerous formal and informal pathways that athletes can take to excel. Conclusion: The constraints-led approach has been promoted as a framework for understanding how people acquire perceptual-motor skills for sport and physical activities. On a practical level, this approach suggests that the major role of the coach or teacher is to manipulate key constraints in order to facilitate discovery of functional movement behavior.

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Self-regulated learning in physical education: Examining the effects of emulative and self-control practice

Psychology of Sport and Exercise ◽

10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.01.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Athanasios Kolovelonis ◽

Marios Goudas ◽

Maria Hassandra ◽

Irini Dermitzaki

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Self Control ◽

Self Regulated Learning ◽

Control Practice ◽

Regulated Learning

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Kontrolliertes Trinken bei Alkoholkonsumstörungen: Eine systematische Übersicht

SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice ◽

10.1024/0939-5911.a000367 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 147-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joachim Körkel

Keyword(s):

Self Control ◽

Systematische Übersicht

Hintergrund: Verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungen zum selbstkontrollierten Trinken (KT) wurden in den letzten 50 Jahren vielfältig erforscht. Eine aktuelle Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Status dieses Ansatzes liegt nicht vor. Fragestellung: Es wird ein systematischer Überblick über die Konzept- und Forschungsgeschichte des KT (Definition, theoretische Wurzeln, Behandlungsmethoden), Wirksamkeit von KT-Behandlung (inkl. Prognosefaktoren) sowie Implementierung von KT in das Behandlungssystem (Akzeptanz und Verbreitung) vorgenommen. Methodik: Gemäß den PRISMA Richtlinien wurde in den Datenbanken PsycINFO, Medline und Psyndex nach psychologischen Behandlungen zum selbstkontrollierten Alkoholkonsum bei Menschen mit klinisch relevanten Alkoholproblemen recherchiert und 676 einschlägige Beiträge identifiziert. Ergebnisse: KT wird als regelgeleitet-planvoller Alkoholkonsum definiert. Seine theoretischen Wurzeln reichen von Lerntheorien bis zur Psychologie der Selbstregulation. In der Behandlung haben Behavioral Self-Control Trainings frühere Methoden (z. B. aversive Konditionierung, Kontingenzmanagement und Reizexposition) abgelöst. Einzel und Gruppenbehandlungen sowie Selbsthilfemanuale zum KT erweisen sich über das gesamte Spektrum des problematischen Alkoholkonsums als kurz- und langfristig wirksam zur Reduktion des Alkoholkonsums und alkoholassoziierter Probleme wie auch zur Förderung des Übergangs zur Abstinenz. Prognostisch bedeutsam sind v. a. der Zielentscheid des Patienten pro KT und seine Zuversicht in die Realisierbarkeit von KT. Akzeptanz und Verbreitung von KT haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten zugenommen und variieren u. a. länderspezifisch. Schlussfolgerungen: Angesichts der Wirksamkeit von KT-Behandlungen sowie gesundheitspolitischer, ethischer, therapeutischer und ökonomischer Überlegungen sollten Reduktionsbehandlungen gleichrangig neben Abstinenzbehandlungen in ein zieloffen ausgerichtetes Behandlungssystem integriert werden.

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Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 78-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asmir Gračanin ◽

Igor Kardum ◽

Jasna Hudek-Knežević

Keyword(s):

Negative Emotion ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Task Demands ◽

Self Control ◽

Integration Model ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Emotional Suppression ◽

Emotion Experience ◽

Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

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Low Self-Control of Emotions as an Antecedent of Self-Reported Physical Symptoms: A Longitudinal Perspective

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.6.1.26 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marja Kokkonen ◽

Lea Pulkkinen ◽

Taru Kinnunen

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Self Control ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Positive Direction ◽

Data Collections ◽

Low Self Control

The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, underway since 1968, in which children's low self-control of emotions was studied using teacher ratings at age 8 in terms of inattentiveness, shifting moods, aggression, and anxiety. The study was based on data from 112 women and 112 men who participated in the previous data collections at ages 8, 27, and 36. At age 27, the participants had been assessed in Neuroticism (N) using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire , and at age 36 they filled in several inventories measuring, among others, conscious and active attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction as well as physical symptoms. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that personality characteristics indicating low self-control of emotions at ages 8 and 27 are antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms at age 36; and that this relationship is indirect, mediated by attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction. The findings showed, albeit for men only, that inattentiveness at age 8 was positively related to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36 via high N at age 27 and low attempts to repair negative emotions at age 36. Additionally, N at age 27 was directly linked to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36. The mediation of an active attempt to repair negative emotions was not found for women. Correlations revealed, however, that shifting moods and aggression in girls were antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms in adulthood, particularly, pain and fatigue.

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Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ching-Wen Huang ◽

Chung-Ju Huang ◽

Chiao-Ling Hung ◽

Chia-Hao Shih ◽

Tsung-Min Hung

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Resting State ◽

Self Control ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Higher Power ◽

Eyes Open ◽

The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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