Comparison of resuspended road dust concentration for identifying optimum sampling position on a mobile laboratory vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Noh ◽  
Kyung-Ran Lee ◽  
Jung-Hun Noh ◽  
Hyung-Seok Kim ◽  
Se-Jin Yook
Keyword(s):  
Road Dust ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Sampling Position ◽  
Optimum Sampling

Contamination of the intake air of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dominik Dziubak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Atmospheric Air

The paper presents the composition of atmospheric air as a mixture of gases that make up the solid and variable components, and the definitions of air pollutants are referenced. Gaseous and solid pollutants (dust) of the atmospheric air have been defined. Dusts were divided according to various criteria and their properties were given. Exemplary courses of immission of the fraction of solid particles are given, indicating a strong dependence of the immission on the seasons, days of the week and day and night. The sources and characteristics of artificial and natural pollutants in the atmospheric air are presented. It has been shown that the main sources of anthropogenic pollution in addition to industry and the automotive industry. Cars are a source of gaseous and particulate pollutants PM, and they also emit pollution from brake and clutch lining wear, as well as from tire and road wear. The main sources of natural air pollution were discussed, including volcanic eruptions, fires in landfills, forests, steppes and sand storms, as well as mineral dust (road dust) carried from the ground by vehicles. The properties of road dust are discussed: chemical and fractional composition, density, dust concentration in the air. It has been shown that the two basic components of the dust, silica and corundum, whose share in dust reaches 95%, also have the highest hardness, which may have a decisive influence on the wear of engine components. Various valuesof dust concentration in the air were presented depending on the type and condition of the ground and the conditions of use of vehicles. Keywords: mechanical engineering, internal combustion engines, air pollution sources, road dust

scholarly journals The impact of measures to reduce ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations originating from road dust, evaluated for a street canyon in Helsinki

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 11199-11212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mari Kauhaniemi ◽  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Kaarle Kupiainen ◽  
Ari Karppinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract. We have numerically evaluated how effective selected potential measures would be for reducing the impact of road dust on ambient air particulate matter (PM10). The selected measures included a reduction of the use of studded tyres on light-duty vehicles and a reduction of the use of salt or sand for traction control. We have evaluated these measures for a street canyon located in central Helsinki for four years (2007–2009 and 2014). Air quality measurements were conducted in the street canyon for two years, 2009 and 2014. Two road dust emission models, NORTRIP (NOn-exhaust Road TRaffic Induced Particle emissions) and FORE (Forecasting Of Road dust Emissions), were applied in combination with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), a street canyon dispersion model, to compute the street increments of PM10 (i.e. the fraction of PM10 concentration originating from traffic emissions at the street level) within the street canyon. The predicted concentrations were compared with the air quality measurements. Both road dust emission models reproduced the seasonal variability of the PM10 concentrations fairly well but under-predicted the annual mean values. It was found that the largest reductions of concentrations could potentially be achieved by reducing the fraction of vehicles that use studded tyres. For instance, a 30 % decrease in the number of vehicles using studded tyres would result in an average decrease in the non-exhaust street increment of PM10 from 10 % to 22 %, depending on the model used and the year considered. Modelled contributions of traction sand and salt to the annual mean non-exhaust street increment of PM10 ranged from 4 % to 20 % for the traction sand and from 0.1 % to 4 % for the traction salt. The results presented here can be used to support the development of optimal strategies for reducing high springtime particulate matter concentrations originating from road dust.

scholarly journals Measuring Hydrometeors Using a Precipitation Microphysical Characteristics Sensor: Sampling Effect of Different Bin Sizes on Drop Size Distribution Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichuan Liu ◽  
Taichang Gao ◽  
Yuntao Hu ◽  
Xiaojian Shu
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

In order to improve the measurement of precipitation microphysical characteristics sensor (PMCS), the sampling process of raindrops by PMCS based on a particle-by-particle Monte-Carlo model was simulated to discuss the effect of different bin sizes on DSD measurement, and the optimum sampling bin sizes for PMCS were proposed based on the simulation results. The simulation results of five sampling schemes of bin sizes in four rain-rate categories show that the raw capture DSD has a significant fluctuation variation influenced by the capture probability, whereas the appropriate sampling bin size and width can reduce the impact of variation of raindrop number on DSD shape. A field measurement of a PMCS, an OTT PARSIVEL disdrometer, and a tipping bucket rain Gauge shows that the rain-rate and rainfall accumulations have good consistencies between PMCS, OTT, and Gauge; the DSD obtained by PMCS and OTT has a good agreement; the probability of N0, μ, and Λ shows that there is a good agreement between the Gamma parameters of PMCS and OTT; the fitted μ-Λ and Z-R relationship measured by PMCS is close to that measured by OTT, which validates the performance of PMCS on rain-rate, rainfall accumulation, and DSD related parameters.

Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung

2004 ◽  
Vol 327 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guor-Cheng Fang ◽  
Cheng-Nan Chang ◽  
Yuh-Shen Wu ◽  
Peter Pi-Cheng Fu ◽  
I-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Central Taiwan

scholarly journals Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Zening Wu ◽  
Huiliang Wang ◽  
Zafar Hussain ◽  
Chenyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Positive Matrix Factorization ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
The City

Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.

Required flux tower height for measurement of re-suspended road dust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Noh ◽  
Jun-Ho Ji ◽  
Hyung-Seok Kim ◽  
Se-Jin Yook
Keyword(s):  
Road Dust ◽  
Flux Tower ◽  
Tower Height
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