Using analogous climates and global insect distribution data to identify potential sources of new invasive insect pests in New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Peacock ◽  
Sue Worner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Potential Sources

scholarly journals Historical distribution data of New Zealand endemic families Callaeidae and Notiomystidae (Aves, Passeriformes)

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador ◽  
Barbara Mizumo Tomotani ◽  
Colin Miskelly ◽  
Susan M. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Notiomystis Cincta

Callaeidae (wattlebirds) and Notiomystidae (stitchbirds) are New Zealand-endemic sister-taxa; while widespread before human settlement, they subsequently became critically endangered or extinct. Aside from presently managed populations, information about them is scarce and actual specimens even scarcer. Herein, we provide a snapshot of these families’ historical distribution during the critical periods of European settlement and expansion in New Zealand (19th and early-20th centuries), exploring new data and insights resulting from this approach. We include an extensive catalogue of worldwide museum specimens to facilitate future research. We report the last known record/specimen of huia Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould, 1837) and late 19th century specimens of North Island saddleback Philesturnus rufusater (Lesson, 1828) from Cuvier Island that confirm its occurrence there. We failed to find specimens of North Island saddleback and stitchbird Notiomystis cincta (du Bus de Gisignies, 1839) (with one and two exceptions, respectively) from named locations on the mainland.

scholarly journals New Zealand Insect Pests

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
R. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests

Optimising bait size and 1080 concentration (sodium monofluoroacetate) for the control of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula)

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Frampton ◽  
B. Warburton ◽  
R. Henderson ◽  
D. R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

A method is presented for quantitatively assessing the likely effectiveness of specific bait size and 1080 concentration for controlling brushtail possums with a known weight distribution. Data from aerial 1080 operations for the control of brushtail possums in New Zealand show that estimates of the bait size and toxic concentration required derived from the mean parameters [pest weight, bait size, and lethal dose (LD 95)] will not be accurate. This inaccuracy is most likely to lead to an underestimate of the amount of toxin presented to each animal, so that many operations currently run the risk of sub-lethally dosing possums and thereby possibly inducing some degree of poison shyness. On the basis of more accurate quantitative assessments of bait effectiveness we recommend that the 1080 concentration be increased to 0.15% and that baits less than 5 g be excluded to ensure that when mean possum weights are less than 3 kg more than 95% of possums are lethally dosed by a single bait.

A survey of ryegrass endophyte (Acremonium loliae) in the U.K. and its apparent ineffectually on a seedling pest

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Lewis ◽  
R. O. Clements
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Overwinter Mortality

SUMMARYAcremonium loliaeis an endophytic fungus which infects plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), an important pasture grass in New Zealand and much of Western Europe. In New Zealand the endophyte–ryegrass association was found recently to give rise to tremorgenic substances (lolitrem A and B), which are the cause of a serious disorder of grazing and domestic livestock there. The endophyte also confers resistance in ryegrass plants to certain insect pests in New Zealand and enhances plant growth even in the absence of pests. In the present work 61 swards at 52 widespread sites in the U.K. were checked for the presence of endophyte mycelium, and it was found in 14 swards, of which 12 were at least 15 years old. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests confirmed that the fungus wasA. loliae.Also, lolitrem B was detected in plants from most of the sites where the mycelium was found; this appears to be the first time this tremorgen has been reported in the U.K. or perhaps in Europe. In a small-plot experiment at two sites with newly sown perennial ryegrass the endophyte appeared to have no effect on infestation by frit fly larvae, a major pest of seedling ryegrass plants. Also, in the present work, the endophyte had no measurable effect on the growth or overwinter mortality of larvae.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Exotic Invasive Insect Pests in Northeastern Forests of the USA

Insects ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gouli ◽  
Svetlana Gouli ◽  
José Marcelino ◽  
Margaret Skinner ◽  
Bruce Parker
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
The Usa

Setting New Standards

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Holmes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sound Changes ◽  
Controversial Area ◽  
Women's Role

Social dialect data demonstrates that women tend to lead linguistic change in New Zealand English over a range of linguistic variables. This paper describes some current sound changes in New Zealand English, discusses their potential sources, and suggests possible mechanisms by which they percolate through the system. Women's role in language change is a controversial area. The final section examines a range of explanations which have been proposed to account for the patterns identified by researchers and assesses their relevance to the New Zealand data.

scholarly journals Barriers to IPM adoption for insect pests in New Zealand pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Colin M. Ferguson ◽  
Toni White ◽  
Scott Hardwick ◽  
Sean D.G. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Share Information

New Zealand’s pastoral sector faces significant challenges to pest management as long-standing insecticides are deregistered. To protect their pastures, farmers need to shift from reactive responses that lead to poor economic outcomes to pre-emptive responses that are viable in the long term. Current management practices (insecticides, endophytes, biological control) for New Zealand’s pasture insect pests were assessed from the perspective of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential impacts from novel control strategies and emerging digital technologies were evaluated to determine how these could improve pest management. Cryptic IPM is present within the New Zealand pastoral sector: that is, farmers practise various elements of IPM but these elements are not integrated into a cohesive system, so farmers often fail to recognise pest impacts until significant economic losses have occurred. We identified important networks by which farmers, industry and researchers communicate and share information, and can develop strategies to raise awareness of IPM. To encourage adoption, farmers need to feel ownership of pasture IPM. Investment in IPM training for farmers through industry extension networks is essential to prepare farmers for the shift away from chemical insecticides to new biologically based control methods. Adoption of IPM will help pastoralists respond to current and new pest challenges.

scholarly journals Distribusi Temporal Populasi Serangga pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Alfira Khullatun Ni'am ◽  
Ari Hayati ◽  
Hasan Zayadi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Insect Identification ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Insect Populations

The rice plant (Oryza sativa.) is an important food crop which is a staple food for more than half of the world's population because it contains nutrients that the body needs. Rice production in East Java in 2011 experienced a significant decline in production i.e. 9.2% and declined again in 2013 (1.2%) with an average productivity (5.9) 1. Problems in agriculture are inseparable from the role of insects as pests. Decrease in production can occur due to insect pests. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of insects on rice fields, to find out the number of insects found based on the temporal distribution of rice fields in Technical implementation unit of Palawija Seed Development of Singosari, Malang, Research has been conducted on the temporal distribution of insect populations on rice plants by using temporal replication or time in three time periods, namely morning period (06.00-09.00), morning-noon (09.00-12.00), and afternoon (13.00-16.00). The observation parameters were done to measure abiotic factors including: temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity and biotic factor measurements; insect identification, insect status determination, and insect distribution. The results of the identification of insects found there were nine species, seven kinds of families, and five orders of insects that had different statuses including predators and pests. The nine insects species include Agriocnemis pygmae, Diplacodes trivialis, Crocothermis servilia, Menochilus sexmaculata, Oxya chinensis, Valanga nigricornis, Schirpophaga innotata, Junonia almana, Zelus luridus. There are the effect of abiotic factors on the number of insects. Keywords: rice (Oryza sativa), insect population, insect status. ABSTRAK Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) merupakan tanaman penting yang menjadi makanan pokok lebih dari setengah penduduk dunia karena mengandung nutrisi yang diperlukan tubuh. Produksi padi di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2011 terjadi penurunan produksi yang cukup signifikan yaitu 9,2% dan kembali menurun pada tahun 2013 (1,2%) dengan rata-rata produktivitas (5,9)-1. Permasalahan di bidang pertanian tidak terlepas dari peran serangga sebagai hama. Penurunan produksi dapat terjadi karena serangga hama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi macam-macam serangga pada lahan tanaman padi, mengetahui jumlah serangga yang ditemukan berdasarkan distribusi temporal pada lahan tanaman padi di Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari Malang. Ulangan waktu pada tiga periode waktu yaitu Periode pagi (06.00-09.00), Siang (09.00-12.00), dan sore (13.00-16.00). Parameter pengamatan dilakukan pengukuran factor abiotik meliputi suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, dan intensitas cahaya dan pengukuran factor biotik meliputi identifikasi serangga, penentuan status serangga, dan distribusi serangga. Hasil identifikasi serangga ditemukan ada sembilan macam spesies serangga, tujuh macam familia, dan lima ordo serangga yang memiliki status yang berbeda meliputi predator dan hama. Sembilan species serangga tersebut meliputi Agriocnemis pygmae, Diplocodes trivialis, Crocothermis servilia, Menochilus sexmaculata, Oxya chinensis, Valanga nigricornis, Schirpophaga innotata, Junonia almana, Zelus luridus. Terdapat hubungan antara factor abiotik kecepatan angin terhadap jumlah serangga. Kata Kunci: padi (Oryza sativa), populasi serangga, status serangga.

scholarly journals Development of a Seafloor Community Classification for the New Zealand Region Using a Gradient Forest Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Stephenson ◽  
Ashley A. Rowden ◽  
Tom Brough ◽  
Grady Petersen ◽  
Richard H. Bulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Seafloor Topography ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Community Classification ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates

To support ongoing marine spatial planning in New Zealand, a numerical environmental classification using Gradient Forest models was developed using a broad suite of biotic and high-resolution environmental predictor variables. Gradient Forest modeling uses species distribution data to control the selection, weighting and transformation of environmental predictors to maximise their correlation with species compositional turnover. A total of 630,997 records (39,766 unique locations) of 1,716 taxa living on or near the seafloor were used to inform the transformation of 20 gridded environmental variables to represent spatial patterns of compositional turnover in four biotic groups and the overall seafloor community. Compositional turnover of the overall community was classified using a hierarchical procedure to define groups at different levels of classification detail. The 75-group level classification was assessed as representing the highest number of groups that captured the majority of the variation across the New Zealand marine environment. We refer to this classification as the New Zealand “Seafloor Community Classification” (SCC). Associated uncertainty estimates of compositional turnover for each of the biotic groups and overall community were also produced, and an added measure of uncertainty – coverage of the environmental space – was developed to further highlight geographic areas where predictions may be less certain owing to low sampling effort. Environmental differences among the deep-water New Zealand SCC groups were relatively muted, but greater environmental differences were evident among groups at intermediate depths in line with well-defined oceanographic patterns observed in New Zealand’s oceans. Environmental differences became even more pronounced at shallow depths, where variation in more localised environmental conditions such as productivity, seafloor topography, seabed disturbance and tidal currents were important differentiating factors. Environmental similarities in New Zealand SCC groups were mirrored by their biological compositions. The New Zealand SCC is a significant advance on previous numerical classifications and includes a substantially wider range of biological and environmental data than has been attempted previously. The classification is critically appraised and considerations for use in spatial management are discussed.

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