Increasing frequency of high-temperature episodes in potato growing regions of Western Australia and its impacts on plant and tuber growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Otieno Obiero ◽  
Stephen Paul Milroy ◽  
Richard William Bell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Tuber Growth

Determinants of oil concentration and seed yield in canola and Indian mustard in the lower rainfall areas of Western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Si ◽  
G. H. Walton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Oil Concentration

Oil concentration and seed yield of canola (Brassica napus) are usually low and variable when grown in the lower rainfall areas of Western Australia. This paper identifies determinants of oil concentration and seed yield in these areas. Through a series of cultivar × sowing date experiments at 5 lower rainfall locations and one high rainfall location as comparison, we evaluated the impact of sowing date, cultivar, and location on these 2 key agronomic traits. We also examined relationships between oil concentration, seed yield, and post-anthesis duration, post-anthesis temperature, and post-anthesis rainfall with a view to investigate the adaptive requirements of canola for the lower rainfall areas.Cultivars differed in their capacities to produce oil and seed yield. The ranking of cultivars for oil concentration, and seed yield to a lesser extent, remained constant across sowing dates and locations. Both seed yield and oil concentration decreased with delayed sowing. On average, oil concentration was reduced by 1.1 percentage points and seed yield by 309 kg/ha for every 2 weeks delay in sowing. The magnitude of reduction in oil concentration from delayed sowing was far greater in a low rainfall site at Mullewa than in the high rainfall site at Mt Barker.Later sowings shortened post-anthesis duration. With a given sowing date, early flowering cultivars resulted in longer post-anthesis duration. Oil concentration increased by 1.2 percentage points for a 10-day increase in post-anthesis duration. Both oil concentration and seed yield increased with higher post-anthesis rainfall and lower post-anthesis temperature. The rates of increase were 0.7 percentage points for oil and 116 kg/ha for seed yield for every 10-mm increase in post-anthesis rainfall. The rates of reduction were 0.68 percentage points for oil and 289�kg/ha for seed yield for every 1�C increase in post-anthesis temperature. These relationships suggest that a combination of an early date of sowing with an early flowering cultivar would be essential for the production of high yield and high oil canola in the lower rainfall areas. Indian mustard (B. juncea) showed tolerance to high temperature and water deficit, but the low yield potential makes it uneconomical with early sowing. Further improvement in seed yield could be dependent on increased tolerance of canola to high temperature and water deficit during seed growth and development.

Clinobisvanite, monoclinic BiVO4, a new mineral from Yinnietharra, Western Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (308) ◽  
pp. 847-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bridge ◽  
M. W. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yellow Powder ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Space Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multiple Twinning ◽  
Monoclinic Bivo4

SummaryMonoclinic BiVO4, well known as a high-temperature compound, has been found as a mineral at Yinnietharra and subsequently in specimens from five further W.A. localities, Londonderry, Wodgina, Menzies, Westonia, and Corinthia. At the type locality, the mineral occurs on garnet in a beryl-bearing spessartine pegmatite associated with bismutite, bismutoferrite, and other pegmatite minerals.Clinobisvanite occurs as yellow powder and orange aggregates and plates to 0·1 mm, is commonly intergrown with bismutite, and frequently associated with its polymorph pucherite. It has a yellow streak, earthy to subvitreous lustre, is very soft with perfect {010} cleavage, D calc. 6·95, transparent in very thin cleavage flakes, and shows multiple twinning with cross hatching, strong dispersion and n calc. 2·63.Space group I 2/a, a, 5·186, b 11·708, c 5·100 Å, β 90° 26′ refined from powder data. An electronprobe analysis gave Bi2O3 69·88, V2O5 27·63, PbO 1·34 sum 98·85. Cell content 4[BiVO4] with minor substitution of Pb for Bi. All measurable data agree with earlier work including a prior description of the mineral from Mozambique.Type material is preserved in the government collections at the Government Chemical Laboratories, W.A.

Timing and Duration of High-Temperature Gold Mineralization and Spatially Associated Granitoid Magmatism at Chalice, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bucci ◽  
N. J. McNaughton ◽  
I. R. Fletcher ◽  
D. I. Groves ◽  
N. Kositcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Yilgarn Craton ◽  
Granitoid Magmatism

Temperature Effects on the Seed-Germination of 10 Kwongan Species From Eneabba, Western-Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bellairs ◽  
DT Bell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
Western Australian

The germination responses of 10 species (Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella, Allocasuarina humilis, Beaufortia elegans, Conostylis neocymosa, Eucalyptus tetragona, Kennedia prostrata, Leptospermum spinescens, Melaleuca acerosa and Xanthorrhoea drummondii) to constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 35� C were studied. These Western Australian perennial species had optimum germination percentages between 15 and 20�C, except Eucalyptus tetragona which had an optimum at 25�C and Leptospermum spinescens which had an optimum at 10�C. Seeds were transferred from high and low temperatures to 15�C to determine whether high or low temperatures induced dormancy. Low temperatures tended not to affect subsequent germination but high temperature decreased subsequent germination for some species. Wetting and drying stimulated the germination of Acacia blakelyi, A. pulchella and Kennedia prostrata seeds.

Unusual sulphide replacement textures in altered olivine-rich rocks of the Bulong Complex near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (320) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Moeskops ◽  
G. R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Fracture Networks ◽  
Sulphide Mineralization ◽  
Magmatic Origin

SummaryUnusual replacement-type sulphide mineralization occurs in the northern part of the Bulong Complex, about 30 km east of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The mineralization is non-economic (up to 0·5% Ni, 0·4% Cu, 0·1% Co, and 8·6% S) and occurs in altered unlayered olivine-rich rocks immediately above a thin sheet-like inclusion of country rock. The supergene-modified primary opaque assemblage pyrrhotine-magnetite-pyrite-chalcopyrite-(pentlandite) is texturally unusual in that the opaques are largely pseudomorphic after primary olivine grains, mainly within irregular fracture networks in a manner similar to ‘early’ serpentine. Textural relations between opaques and silicates indicate that the mineralization was introduced during the early stages of serpentinization prior to the onset of deformation and regional metamorphism. Monoclinic pyrrhotine is the main opaque phase, with some grains containing relict cores of the hexagonal variety. Magnetite associated with the mineralization is Ni-poor (< 0·1% Ni) compared with ‘serpentinization magnetite’ from elsewhere in the Bulong Complex, which contains 0·5–0·8% Ni. As the mineralization was intersected at relatively shallow depth, supergene alteration effects are evident; pyrrhotine is locally altered to pyrite and marcasite (texturally and chemically distinct from the primary pyrite), and pentlandite is largely replaced by cupriferous violarite.Textural features and consideration of phase relations in the system Cu-Fe-S-O suggest that the mineralization is of low-temperature (350± °C) hydrothermal origin. By contrast, the more commonly developed Fe-Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization of the Kalgoorlie region is generally considered to be of high-temperature (1200± °C) magmatic origin.

Temperature effects on germination of Trifolium balansae and T. resupinatum with special reference to high-temperature dormancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
PI Jansen ◽  
RL Ison
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The effect of temperature on germination of the annual pasture legumes Trifolium balansae and T. resupinaturn was investigated. Seed of T. resupinatum lines SA 12240, SA 14433 (from South Australia), C1Z1Res-B, CPI (Commonwealth Plant Introduction number) 026202-3, CPI 026205-2, CPI 027376-2, SA 14433 (from Western Australia), SA 18904, SA 18922, SA 19851 and CPI 045887-2 and cvv. Kyambro and Maral and T. balansae cv. Paradana and lines CPI 045856-1, CPI 045856-4 and AZ 2326 was germinated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35�C. T. subterraneum cv. Junee was included for comparison. It was found that germination in all lines except Maral was reduced at 35�C, whereas at 30�C germination was reduced significantly in all lines except Maral, ClZlRes-B, CPI 026202-3, CPI 026205-2, CPI 027376-2, SA 19851 and CPI 045887-2. Germination at 35OC in T. resupinaturn was related to thousand seed weight with the equation: Germination = -31.19+92-39 thousand seed weight (r2 = 0.76). In order to determine the mechanism responsible for the failure of seed to germinate at temperatures above 25�C, seed of T. resupinatum lines SA 12240 and SA 14433 and Maral and T. balansae cv. Paradana was allowed to germinate at temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50�C for 8 h, 1, 2, 5 and 10 days after which they were placed at 15� C for 10 days. It was found that temperatures in the 30-40�C temperature range inhibited germination in all lines except Maral, but the same seed germinated readily when placed at 15�C. This seed was considered to possess an enforced high-temperature dormancy. Seed of all lines exposed to 45 and 50�C for longer than 8 h died, but at 8 h final germination was unaffected. It was concluded that high-temperature dormancy could play a role in preventing seed from germinating in the case of a false break. It was proposed that lines should be screened for high-temperature dormancy.

scholarly journals Heat and drought stress and their implications on potato production under dry African tropics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1405-1414
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Critical Periods

The two most important abiotic factors affecting potato productivity in many areas of the world and especially in the dry African tropics are drought and high temperature. The situation is worsened by global warming. High temperature and drought reduce not only yields but also quality of potatoes. The effects of drought depend on the genotype, timing, duration and severity of the stress; plant emergence and tuberization are two critical periods when water stress most affects the final tuber yield. The susceptibility of potato crops to high temperature largely depends on genotype, development stage and stress duration; tuber initiation and bulking are critical stages. High temperature, particularly high night temperature, is reported to delay tuber induction, prolong tuber setting, and delay the onset of rapid tuber growth. The optimum soil temperature range for tuber initiation and tuber growth is 15–20 0C, and the colder the soil temperature, the more rapid the initiation of tubers and the greater the number of tubers formed. At high temperature more photoassimilates are partitioned to the vegetative parts than tubers resulting in acceleration of haulm growth and inhibition of tuber initiation and growth. In tropical Africa, potato production is moving to the dry mid and low altitudes due to high population pressure in the moist highlands. In these dry areas, potato production is facing the double tragedy of high temperature and water stress. This has led to low yields and poor quality since there is no available commercial potato variety which is tolerant to high temperature and water stress. Breeding for heat and drought tolerance in potatoes is hard because in most cases, especially in dry tropics, these two conditions occur concurrently. In addition, the two traits are polygenic with low inheritance making conventional breeding difficult; more progress could be achieved through molecular breeding and/or genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Role of Tuber Developmental Processes in Response of Potato to High Temperature and Elevated CO2

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Chien-Teh Chen ◽  
Tim L. Setter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Tuber Bulking

Potato is adapted to cool environments, and there is concern that its performance may be diminished considerably due to global warming and more frequent episodes of heat stress. Our objectives were to determine the response of potato plants to elevated CO2 (700 μmol/mol) and high temperature (35/25 °C) at tuber initiation and tuber bulking, and to elucidate effects on sink developmental processes. Potato plants were grown in controlled environments with treatments at: Tuber initiation (TI), during the first two weeks after initiating short-day photoperiods, and Tuber bulking (TB). At TI, and 25 °C, elevated CO2 increased tuber growth rate, while leaves and stems were not affected. Whole-plant dry matter accumulation rate, was inhibited by high temperature about twice as much at TI than at TB. Elevated CO2 partially ameliorated high temperature inhibition of sink organs. At TI, with 25 °C, elevated CO2 primarily affected tuber cell proliferation. In contrast, tuber cell volume and endoreduplication were unaffected. These findings indicate that the TI stage and cell division is particularly responsive to elevated CO2 and high temperature stress, supporting the view that attention should be paid to the timing of high-temperature stress episodes with respect to this stage.

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