Terpenoid Secondary Metabolites in Bryophytes: Chemical Diversity, Biosynthesis and Biological Functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 210-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽  
Guo Wei ◽  
Xinlu Chen ◽  
Barbara Crandall-Stotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biological Functions

scholarly journals Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Mamona Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran Tousif ◽  
Muhammad Aijaz Anwar ◽  
Frank Surup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Xia Yan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xue Leng ◽  
Han Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Coral Genus

Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Chemical Diversity of a Hybrid-Isoprenoid-Producing Streptomycete Lineage

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 6894-6902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley A. Gallagher ◽  
Kristin Rauscher ◽  
Laura Pavan Ioca ◽  
Paul R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Structural Classes

ABSTRACTStreptomycesspecies dedicate a large portion of their genomes to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A diverse and largely marine-derived lineage within this genus has been designated MAR4 and identified as a prolific source of hybrid isoprenoid (HI) secondary metabolites. These terpenoid-containing compounds are common in nature but rarely observed as bacterial secondary metabolites. To assess the phylogenetic diversity of the MAR4 lineage, complementary culture-based and culture-independent techniques were applied to marine sediment samples collected off the Channel Islands, CA. The results, including those from an analysis of publically available sequence data and strains isolated as part of prior studies, placed 40 new strains in the MAR4 clade, of which 32 originated from marine sources. When combined with sequences cloned from environmental DNA, 28 MAR4 operational taxonomic units (0.01% genetic distance) were identified. Of these, 82% consisted exclusively of either cloned sequences or cultured strains, supporting the complementarity of these two approaches. Chemical analyses of diverse MAR4 strains revealed the production of five different HI structure classes. All 21 MAR4 strains tested produced at least one HI class, with most strains producing from two to four classes. The two major clades within the MAR4 lineage displayed distinct patterns in the structural classes and the number and amount of HIs produced, suggesting a relationship between taxonomy and secondary metabolite production. The production of HI secondary metabolites appears to be a phenotypic trait of the MAR4 lineage, which represents an emerging model with which to study the ecology and evolution of HI biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Bioactive Prenyl- and Terpenyl-Quinones/Hydroquinones of Marine Origin †

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo García ◽  
Ángela Hernández ◽  
Arturo San Feliciano ◽  
Mª Castro
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

The sea is a rich source of biological active compounds, among which terpenyl-quinones/hydroquinones constitute a family of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological properties. The chemical diversity and bioactivity of those isolated from marine organisms in the last 10 years are summarized in this review. Aspects related to synthetic approaches towards the preparation of improved bioactive analogues from inactive terpenoids are also outlined.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity in Species Belonging to Soft Coral Genus Sacrophyton and Its Impact on Biological Activity: A Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin A. Elkhawas ◽  
Ahmed M. Elissawy ◽  
Mohamed S. Elnaggar ◽  
Nada M. Mostafa ◽  
Eman Al-Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Coral Genus

One of the most widely distributed soft coral species, found especially in shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and also the Arctic, is genus Sacrophyton. The total number of species belonging to it was estimated to be 40. Sarcophyton species are considered to be a reservoir of bioactive natural metabolites. Secondary metabolites isolated from members belonging to this genus show great chemical diversity. They are rich in terpenoids, in particular, cembranoids diterpenes, tetratepenoids, triterpenoids, and ceramide, in addition to steroids, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities, such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antifouling, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents all isolated secondary metabolites from species of genera Sacrophyton, as well as their reported biological activities covering a period of about two decades (1998–2019). It deals with 481 metabolites, including 323 diterpenes, 39 biscembranoids, 11 sesquiterpenes, 53 polyoxygenated sterols, and 55 miscellaneous and their pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Use of Permanent Wall-Deficient Cells as a System for the Discovery of New-to-Nature Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Shraddha Shitut ◽  
Güniz Özer Bergman ◽  
Alexander Kros ◽  
Daniel E. Rozen ◽  
Dennis Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery ◽  
Insight Into

Filamentous actinobacteria are widely used as microbial cell factories to produce valuable secondary metabolites, including the vast majority of clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Secondary metabolites are typically encoded by large biosynthetic gene clusters, which allow for a modular approach to generating diverse compounds through recombination. Protoplast fusion is a popular method for whole genome recombination that uses fusion of cells that are transiently wall-deficient. This process has been applied for both inter- and intraspecies recombination. An important limiting step in obtaining diverse recombinants from fused protoplasts is regeneration of the cell wall, because this forces the chromosomes from different parental lines to segregate, thereby preventing further recombination. Recently, several labs have gained insight into wall-deficient bacteria that have the ability to proliferate without their cell wall, known as L-forms. Unlike protoplasts, L-forms can stably maintain multiple chromosomes over many division cycles. Fusion of such L-forms would potentially allow cells to express genes from both parental genomes while also extending the time for recombination, both of which can contribute to an increased chemical diversity. Here, we present a perspective on how L-form fusion has the potential to become a platform for novel compound discovery and may thus help to overcome the antibiotic discovery void.

Chemical diversity and potential biological functions of the pygidial gland secretions in two species of Neotropical dung roller beetles

Chemoecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vieyle Cortez ◽  
José R. Verdú ◽  
Antonio J. Ortiz ◽  
Ángel R. Trigos ◽  
Mario E. Favila
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pygidial Gland ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Roller Beetles

scholarly journals Terpenoids from Marine Soft Coral of the Genus Xenia in 1977 to 2019

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5386
Author(s):  
Shean-Yeaw Ng ◽  
Chin-Soon Phan ◽  
Takahiro Ishii ◽  
Takashi Kamada ◽  
Toshiyuki Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Coral Genus

Members of the marine soft coral genus Xenia are rich in a diversity of diterpenes. A total of 199 terpenes consisting of 14 sesquiterpenes, 180 diterpenes, and 5 steroids have been reported to date. Xenicane diterpenes were reported to be the most common chemical skeleton biosynthesized by members of this genus. Most of the literature reported the chemical diversity of Xenia collected from the coral reefs in the South China Sea and the coastal waters of Taiwan. Although there was a brief review on the terpenoids of Xenia in 2015, the present review is a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity of secondary metabolites isolated from soft coral genus Xenia and their potent biological activity as reported between 1977 to 2019.

scholarly journals Biological and Chemical Diversity of Marine Sponge-Derived Microorganisms over the Last Two Decades from 1998 to 2017

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Mei Cheng ◽  
Xu-Li Tang ◽  
Yan-Ting Sun ◽  
Dong-Yang Song ◽  
Yu-Jing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Product Chemistry

Marine sponges are well known as rich sources of biologically natural products. Growing evidence indicates that sponges harbor a wealth of microorganisms in their bodies, which are likely to be the true producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. In order to promote the study of natural product chemistry and explore the relationship between microorganisms and their sponge hosts, in this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the structures, sources, and activities of the 774 new marine natural products from sponge-derived microorganisms described over the last two decades from 1998 to 2017.

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