The effect of BMI on COVID-19 outcomes among older patients in South Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study*

This is a retrospective cohort study using notification data in South Korea. We evaluated the nationwide status, regional differences, and the determinants of treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients. Treatment success rate improved from 77.0% in 2012 to 86.0% in 2015. The lost to follow-up rate was higher among older people, males, and foreign nationals. Health care facilities designated for the Public-Private Mix (PPM) project showed higher success rate and lower rate of lost to follow-up. Moreover, municipalities with low regional deprivation index had higher PPM project coverage. Since there is a large regional difference in the coverage of the PPM project, an additional community-based support program should be implemented, especially for tuberculosis patients residing in region with low PPM project coverage.

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The Prediction and Prognosis of Fungal Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients—A Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7080639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 639

Author(s):

Yae-Jee Baek ◽

Yun-Suk Cho ◽

Moo-Hyun Kim ◽

Jong-Hoon Hyun ◽

Yu-Jin Sohn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

South Korea ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Lung Transplant ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Lung Transplant Recipients

(1) Background: Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are at substantial risk of invasive fungal disease (IFD), although no consensus has been reached on the use of antifungal agents (AFAs) after lung transplantation (LTx). This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prognosis of fungal infection after LTx in a single tertiary center in South Korea. (2) Methods: The study population included all patients who underwent LTx between January 2012 and July 2019 at a tertiary hospital. It was a retrospective cohort study. Culture, bronchoscopy, and laboratory findings were reviewed during episodes of infection. (3) Results: Fungus-positive respiratory samples were predominant in the first 90 days and the overall cumulative incidence of Candida spp. was approximately three times higher than that of Aspergillus spp. In the setting of itraconazole administration for 6 months post-LTx, C. glabrata accounted for 36.5% of all Candida-positive respiratory samples. Underlying connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, use of AFAs before LTx, a longer length of hospital stay after LTx, and old age were associated with developing a fungal infection after LTx. IFD and fungal infection treatment failure significantly increased overall mortality. Host factors, antifungal drug resistance, and misdiagnosis of non-Aspergillus molds could attribute to the breakthrough fungal infections. (4) Conclusions: Careful bronchoscopy, prompt fungus culture, and appropriate use of antifungal therapies are recommended during the first year after LTx.

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Risk Factors of Daptomycin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a Population with Osteoarticular Infection

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Laura Soldevila-Boixader ◽

Bernat Villanueva ◽

Marta Ulldemolins ◽

Eva Benavent ◽

Ariadna Padulles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Effect ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Older Patients ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Eosinophilic Pneumonia ◽

Severe Adverse Effect ◽

Osteoarticular Infection

Background: Daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia (DEP) is a rare but severe adverse effect and the risk factors are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for DEP. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Bone and Joint Infection Unit of the Hospital Universitari Bellvitge (January 2014–December 2018). To identify risk factors for DEP, cases were divided into two groups: those who developed DEP and those without DEP. Results: Among the whole cohort (n = 229) we identified 11 DEP cases (4.8%) and this percentage almost doubled in the subgroup of patients ≥70 years (8.1%). The risk factors for DEP were age ≥70 years (HR 10.19, 95%CI 1.28–80.93), therapy >14 days (7.71, 1.98–30.09) and total cumulative dose of daptomycin ≥10 g (5.30, 1.14–24.66). Conclusions: Clinicians should monitor cumulative daptomycin dosage to minimize DEP risk, and be cautious particularly in older patients when the total dose of daptomycin exceeds 10 g.

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Ambulance dispatch of older patients following primary and secondary telephone triage in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e042351

Author(s):

Kathryn Eastwood ◽

Dhanya Nambiar ◽

Rosamond Dwyer ◽

Judy A Lowthian ◽

Peter Cameron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Older Adult ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Older Patients ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Telephone Triage ◽

Ambulance Dispatch ◽

Emergency Ambulance ◽

Primary Triage

BackgroundMost calls to ambulance result in emergency ambulance dispatch (direct dispatch) following primary telephone triage. Ambulance Victoria uses clinician-led secondary telephone triage for patients identified as low-acuity during primary triage to refer them to alternative care pathways; however, some are returned for ambulance dispatch (secondary dispatch). Older adult patients are frequent users of ambulance services; however, little is known about the appropriateness of subsequent secondary dispatches.ObjectivesTo examine the appropriateness of secondary dispatch through a comparison of the characteristics and ambulance outcomes of older patients dispatched an emergency ambulance via direct or secondary dispatch.DesignA retrospective cohort study of ambulance patient data between September 2009 and June 2012 was conducted.SettingThe secondary telephone triage service operated in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia during the study period.ParticipantsThere were 90 086 patients included aged 65 years and over who had an emergency ambulance dispatch via direct or secondary dispatch with one of the five most common secondary dispatch paramedic diagnoses.Main outcome measuresDescriptive analyses compared characteristics, treatment and transportation rates between direct and secondary dispatch patients.ResultsThe dispatch groups were similar in demographics, vital signs and hospital transportation rates. However, secondary dispatch patients were half as likely to be treated by paramedics (OR 0.51; CI 0.48 to 0.55; p<0.001). Increasing age was associated with decreasing treatment (p<0.005) and increasing transportation rates (p<0.005).ConclusionSecondary triage could identify patients who would ultimately be transported to an emergency department. However, the lower paramedic treatment rates suggest many secondary dispatch patients may have been suitable for referral to alternative low-acuity transport or referral options.

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PCN96 Economic Burden of BRAIN Metastasis in NON SMALL CELL LUNG Cancer in South Korea: Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S439

Author(s):

Y.B. Shim ◽

J.Y. Byun ◽

P. Mi-Hai

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

South Korea ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Comparative Risk of Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 among Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Users: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882550/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jimyung Park ◽

Seng Chan You ◽

Jaehyeong Cho ◽

Chan Hyuk Park ◽

Woon Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

South Korea ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Large Scale ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate incidence risk and severe clinical outcomes in COVID-19 disease among short-term users of acid-suppressants in South Korea.Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted using a nationwide claims database for South Korea, used data from patients with COVID-19 tested between January 1 and May 15, 2020. Patients aged over 18 years and prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) for more than 7 days were identified. Primary outcome was COVID-19 while secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospitalization with respiratory disease, or intensive respiratory intervention. Large-scale propensity scores were used to match patients, while the Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to evaluate any association between exposure and outcome(s). The risk estimates were calibrated by using 123 falsification endpoints.Results: We identified 26,166 PPI users and 62,117 H2RA users. After propensity score matching, compared to H2RA use, PPI use was not significantly associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (calibrated hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–2.19]); moreover, PPI use was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, namely, hospitalization with respiratory disease (calibrated HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.72–1.08]), intensive respiratory interventions (calibrated HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.46–1.82]), except for all-cause mortality (calibrated HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31–0.95]).Conclusions: In this study, we found that the PPI user was not associated with risk of COVID-19 compared to H2RA users. There was no significant relationship between severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and exposure to PPI compared with H2RA, except for all-cause mortality.

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