The Influence of Different Protein, Fat and Mineral Levels on the Digestibility of Fat and Fatty Acids Measured at the Terminal Ileum and in Faeces of Growing Pigs

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of rapamycin on biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n=32; 63.5±0.8 BW) where blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 therapeutic-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCtl), 2) TN and rapamycin (n=8; TNRapa), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCtl), or 4) HS and rapamycin (n=8; HSRapa). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (10d), pigs were fed ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (21.3±0.01°C). During P2 (24h), HSCtl and HSRapa pigs were exposed to constant HS (35.5±0.1°C); while TNCtl and TNRapa remained in TN conditions. Rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN counterparts (1.28°C, 8.68°C, and 87 bpm, respectively; P< 0.01). Feed intake (FI) markedly decreased in HS relative to TN treatments (64%; P< 0.01). Additionally, pigs exposed to HS lost BW (4 kg; P< 0.01), while TN pigs gained BW (0.7 kg; P< 0.01). Overall, circulating white blood cells decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (19%; P=0.01). Circulating neutrophils did not differ across treatments; however, lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (23, 33, and 38%, respectively; P≤0.07). Despite marked changes in phenotypic parameters, circulating glucose and blood urea nitrogen did not differ among treatments (P >0.10). However, insulin:FI increased in HS relative to TN treatments (P=0.04). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased in HS relative to TN treatments; although this difference was driven by increased NEFA in HSCtl compared to TN and HSRapa pigs (P< 0.01). In summary, pigs exposed to HS had altered phenotypic, metabolic, and leukocyte responses; however, rapamycin administration had little to no effect on any of the variables measured.

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Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9880721 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Leibholz ◽

Y Mollah

Keyword(s):

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Protein Concentrates ◽

Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

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Effect of fermentable components in the diet on the portal flux of glucose and volatile fatty acids in growing pigs.

Digestive physiology in pigs. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 20-22 June 2000 ◽

10.1079/9780851995175.0092 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 92-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. J. M. Jansman ◽

L. J. G. M. Bongers ◽

P. van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Growing Pigs

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166 Fate of pentoses in the small intestine and hindgut of growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 95-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jerubella J Abelilla ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Distal Ileum ◽

Energy Status ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that pentoses absorbed from the small intestine of pigs reduce energy utilization and that pentoses that reach the hindgut are fermented. In Exp. 1, 24 barrows (9.95 ± 0.51 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 diets that contained 15% glucose, 15% xylose, or 15% arabinose. Ileal digesta, feces, and urine were collected from all pigs. Data were analyzed via ANOVA using the Proc Mixed Procedure of SAS. No differences among diets were observed for apparent total tract digestibility of GE or for DE, but ME in xylose and arabinose diets was reduced (P < 0.01) compared with the glucose diet (Table 1) indicating that xylose and arabinose that are absorbed from the small intestine are excreted in the urine. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (18.02 ± 1.1 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 7 pigs per treatment. A diet based on corn starch, casein, and 15% glucose was fed for 11 d. On d 4 through 11, saline, xylose, or arabinose (3% of the daily feed) was infused into the cecum of pigs via an ileal cannula, and feces and urine were collected. Data were analyzed as in Exp. 1. Infused xylose or arabinose was not detected in feces of the pigs infused with pentoses indicating that pentoses are fully fermented in the hindgut (Table 1). In conclusion, dietary free pentoses are absorbed prior to the end of the small intestine, but partially excreted in the urine, and therefore may reduce energy utilization. If pentoses are liberated in the hindgut, they may contribute to the energy status of the pig by being fermented with a subsequent absorption of short chained fatty acids.

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In vitro contractile effects of short chain fatty acids in the rat terminal ileum.

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.38.1.53 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C Cherbut ◽

A C Aube ◽

H M Blottiere ◽

P Pacaud ◽

C Scarpignato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19780069 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 539-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

I. G. Partridge

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Water Content ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Live Weight ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Concomitant Reduction ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

High Cellulose ◽

Immediate Response

1. Seven pigs of 30 kg initial live weight were fitted with re-entrant cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each was fed, in succession, four purified diets having cellulose and sodium levels (g/kg) of 30 and 2.7, 30 and 0.9, 90 and 2.7 or 90 and 0.9, respectively. Collections of digesta (24 h) and 3 or 4 d collections of faeces were made.2. There was a greater throughput of ileal digesta with the high-cellulose diets than with the low-cellulose diets, mainly due to increased water content, and there was a concomitant reduction in the net absorption of Na from the small intestine. The immediate response to reduced Na intake was increased secretion of Na into the gut lumen anterior to the terminal ileum; this was more pronounced with the high-cellulose diet. Na concentrations in ileal digesta were very similar for all four diets.3. The apparent absorptions of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and zinc were reduced by the high-cellulose diets. In each instance this was due to reduced absorption posterior to the terminal ileum.

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Tenebrio molitor Larvae Meal Affects the Cecal Microbiota of Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

Sandra Meyer ◽

Denise K. Gessner ◽

Garima Maheshwari ◽

Julia Röhrig ◽

Theresa Friedhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Cecal Microbiota ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Tenebrio Molitor Larvae ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The hypothesis tested was that dietary inclusion of insect meal (IM) causes an alteration in the cecal microbiota composition and its fermentation activity of growing pigs. Five-week-old male crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each, and fed isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM (IM5) or 10% IM (IM10) from Tenebrio molitor larvae for four weeks. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in group IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes-ratio tended to be higher in groups IM10 and IM5 than in group CON (p < 0.1). The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria tended to be higher in group IM10 than in groups CON and IM5 (p < 0.1). The concentrations of the total short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta did not differ between the three groups, but the concentrations of the branched-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were higher in group IM5 and IM10 than in group CON (p < 0.05). The present study shows for the first time that the replacement of soybean meal by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal causes a shift of the cecal microbial community and its fermentation activity in growing pigs.

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