Land-use changes and their impacts on soil degradation and surface runoff of two catchments of Northern Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girmay Gebresamuel ◽  
Bal Ram Singh ◽  
Øystein Dick
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Northern Ethiopia

scholarly journals Modelling monthly runoff generation processes following land use changes: groundwater–surface runoff interactions

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bari ◽  
K. R. J. Smettem
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Stream Bed

Abstract. A conceptual water balance model is presented to represent changes in monthly water balance following land use changes. Monthly rainfall–runoff, groundwater and soil moisture data from four experimental catchments in Western Australia have been analysed. Two of these catchments, "Ernies" (control, fully forested) and "Lemon" (54% cleared) are in a zone of mean annual rainfall of 725 mm, while "Salmon" (control, fully forested) and "Wights" (100% cleared) are in a zone with mean annual rainfall of 1125 mm. At the Salmon forested control catchment, streamflow comprises surface runoff, base flow and interflow components. In the Wights catchment, cleared of native forest for pasture development, all three components increased, groundwater levels rose significantly and stream zone saturated area increased from 1% to 15% of the catchment area. It took seven years after clearing for the rainfall–runoff generation process to stabilise in 1984. At the Ernies forested control catchment, the permanent groundwater system is 20 m below the stream bed and so does not contribute to streamflow. Following partial clearing of forest in the Lemon catchment, groundwater rose steadily and reached the stream bed by 1987. The streamflow increased in two phases: (i) immediately after clearing due to reduced evapotranspiration, and (ii) through an increase in the groundwater-induced stream zone saturated area after 1987. After analysing all the data available, a conceptual monthly model was created, comprising four inter-connecting stores: (i) an upper zone unsaturated store, (ii) a transient stream zone store, (ii) a lower zone unsaturated store and (iv) a saturated groundwater store. Data such as rooting depth, Leaf Area Index, soil porosity, profile thickness, depth to groundwater, stream length and surface slope were incorporated into the model as a priori defined attributes. The catchment average values for different stores were determined through matching observed and predicted monthly hydrographs. The observed and predicted monthly runoff for all catchments matched well with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.68 to 0.87. Predictions were relatively poor for: (i) the Ernies catchment (lowest rainfall, forested), and (ii) months with very high flows. Overall, the predicted mean annual streamflow was within ±8% of the observed values. Keywords: monthly streamflow, land use change, conceptual model, data-based approach, groundwater

scholarly journals The effect of land uses to change on infiltration capacity and surface runoff at latung sub watershed, Padang City Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Rusli HAR ◽  
Aprisal ◽  
Werry Darta Taifur ◽  
Teguh Haria Aditia Putra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Hydrology Modeling ◽  
Runoff Discharge

Changes in land use in the Air Dingin watershed (DAS) area in Padang City, Indonesia, lead to a decrease in rainwater infiltration volume to the ground. Some land use in the Latung sub-watershed decrease in infiltration capacity with an increase in surface runoff. This research aims to determine the effect of land-use changes on infiltration capacity and surface runoff. Purposive sampling method was used in this research. The infiltration capacity was measured directly in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer, and the data was processed using the Horton model. The obtained capacity was quantitatively classified using infiltration zoning. Meanwhile, the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrology Modeling System with the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph- Soil Conservation Service -Curve Number method was used to analyze the runoff discharge. The results showed that from the 13 measurement points carried out, the infiltration capacity ranges from 0.082 - 0.70 cm/minute or an average of 0.398 cm/minute, while the rainwater volume is approximately 150,000 m3/hour/km2. Therefore, the soil infiltration capacity in the Latung sub-watershed is in zone VI-B or very low. This condition had an impact on changes in runoff discharge in this area, from 87.84 m3/second in 2010 to 112.8 m3/second in 2020 or a nail of 22.13%. Based on the results, it is concluded that changes in the land led to low soil infiltration capacity, thereby leading to an increase in surface runoff.

scholarly journals Increase in surface runoff in the central mountains of Mexico: lessons from the past and predictive scenario for the next century

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gratiot ◽  
C. Duvert ◽  
L. Collet ◽  
D. Vinson ◽  
J. Némery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mountainous Watershed

Abstract. The hydrological response of a medium scale mountainous watershed (Mexico) is analysed over half a century. The hydrograph separation highlights an increasing surface runoff contribution since the early 1970's. This increase is attributed to land use changes while the meteorological forcing (rains) remains statistically stable over the same period. As a consequence, the intensity of annual extreme floods has tripled up over the period of survey, increasing flood risks in the region. The paper ends with a climatic projection over the 21st century. The decrease of precipitation and the increase of temperature should accentuate the trend engaged since the 1970's by reducing groundwater resources and increasing surface-runoff and associated risks.

Effects of land use changes on surface runoff

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Chmelová ◽  
Bořivoj Šarapatka ◽  
Přemysl Pavka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

scholarly journals A multi-method approach to analyze changes in gully characteristics between 2009 and 2018 in southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikenna Osumgborogwu ◽  
John Wainwright ◽  
Laura Turbull ◽  
Luke Uzoigwe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Nigerian Civil War ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Method Approach

Gully erosion is the dominant environmental problem in southeast Nigeria and has led to loss of human and material resources. In this study, we evaluated changes in gully characteristics in southeast Nigeria between 2009 and 2018 using a multi-method approach including geotechnical investigations, analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery (2 – 5 m) and focus group discussions. Gully numbers increased from 26 to 39 and mean gully length increased from 0.39 to 0.43 km. We found that the soils in the study area have low cohesion and high sand content which make them susceptible to dispersal by erosive forces. Land adjacent to rivers had the highest concentration of gullies, and there was a sharp rise in slope from 10 – 58.2% within a distance less than 500 m from the river. Regarding potential gully-drivers, land-use changes were observed. Non-vegetated lands increased from 58.6 km2 to 144.7 km2 between 2009 and 2018, while reductions in fallowed lands from 281.2 km2 to 57.8 km2 were observed. Results from focus group meetings indicate there was no gullying in the area before the Nigerian civil war. Although war-time activities which led to initiation of oldest gullies have ceased, land-use changes likely increase volume of surface runoff. We infer that interactions between soil conditions which potentially enhance seepage erosion and higher surface runoff resulting from land-use changes have propagated gullying in the study area post-civil war.

scholarly journals Analysis of Runoff Curve Number Distribution into Surface Runoff of Lesti Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 004 (01) ◽  
pp. 062-075
Author(s):  
Didit Priambodo ◽  
Ery Suhartanto ◽  
Sumiadi Sumiadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Sediment Loads

Lesti watershed is a sub basin of Brantas River located in Malang Regency, which is the main source of inflow and sediment loads for the Sengguruh Dam. Human activities change the type of land cover by deforestation for the expansion of agricultural and residential areas. It makes a rapid increasing of runoff and discharges that were potentially carrying sediment into Lesti River. To measure surface runoff in a watershed can be held by modeling rather than directly in the field, it is cheaper and more effective with accurate results. This study is based on Soil Conservation Service (SCS) formula to illustrate surface runoff level by knowing curve number distribution. Using models based on land use changes in 2010, 2012 and 2017, generated by AV SWAT software, shows that increasing CN value each year affects the surface runoff, so there is a relationship between land use and runoff. The average CN value in 2010 is 63.644, 2012 is 63.942, 2017 is 65.49, while the average surface runoff in 2010 is 800.28, 2012 is 823.26, 2017 is 828.009. Conservation treatment on the area with a high CN value can reduce the surface runoff. It shows that watershed performance is getting better

scholarly journals Hydrological impacts of climate and land-use change on flow regime variations in upper Indus basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Haleem ◽  
Afed Ullah Khan ◽  
Sohail Ahmad ◽  
Mansoor Khan ◽  
Fayaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Runoff Depth

Abstract Investigating the effects of climate and land-use changes on surface runoff is critical for water resources management. The majority of studies focused on projected climate change effects on surface runoff, while neglecting future land-use change. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to discriminate the impacts of projected climate and land-use changes on surface runoff using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) through the lens of the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Future scenarios of the land-use and climate changes are predicted using cellular automata artificial neural network and four bias-corrected general circulation models, respectively. The historical record (2000–2013) was divided into the calibration period (2000–2008) and the validation period (2009–2013). The simulated results demonstrated that the SWAT model performed well. The results obtained from 2000 to 2013 show that climate change (61.61%) has a higher influence on river runoff than land-use change (38.39%). Both climate and land-use changes are predicted to increase future runoff depth in this basin. The influence of climate change (12.76–25.92%) is greater than land-use change (0.37–1.1%). Global weather data has good applicability for simulating hydrological responses in the region where conventional gauges are unavailable. The study discusses that both climate and land-use changes impact runoff depth and concluded some suggestions for water resources managers to bring water environment sustainability.

scholarly journals Modeling runoff response to land-use changes using the SWAT model in the Mundaú watershed, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Carolyne Wanessa Lins de Andrade Farias ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽  
José Romualdo de Sousa Lima ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Land-use change has a significant influence on runoff process of any watershed, and the deepening of this theme is essential to assist decision making, within the scope of water resources management. The study was conducted for Mundaú River Basin (MRB) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The study aims to assess the issue of land-use change and its effect on evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and sediment yield. Input data like land use, topography, weather, and soil data features are required to undertake watershed simulation. Two scenarios of land use were analyzed over 30 years, which were: a regeneration scenario (referring to use in the year 1987) and another scene of degradation (relating to use in the year 2017). Land use maps for 1987 and 2017 were acquired from satellite images. Overall, during the last three decades, 76.4% of forest was lost in the MRB. The grazing land increased in 2017 at a few more than double the area that existed in 1987. Changes in land use, over the years, resulted in an increase of about 37% in the water yield of MRB. Changes have led to increased processes such as surface runoff and sediment yield and in the decrease of evapotranspiration. The spatial and temporal distribution of land use controls the water balance and sediment production in the MRB.

Hydrological effects of climate and land use changes in regulated vs. unregulated headwaters of Southern Calabria  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrio Antonio Zema ◽  
Giuseppe Bombino ◽  
Bruno Gianmarco Carrà ◽  
Daniela D'agostino ◽  
Pietro Denisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Hydrological Effects

<p>Surface runoff rates in torrents are driven by land use and climate changes. Moreover, the effects of control works, such as the check dams, can modify these rates. In the Mediterranean semi-arid watersheds (e.g., in Southern Italy and Spain), this forcing may sum to local factors, such as steep slopes, small drainage areas and heavy and short-duration rainstorms. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the hydrological effects of each action (presence of check dam, land use changes and future climate forcing), in order to control flash floods, soil erosion and landslides at the watershed scale. To this aim, this study evaluates the annual runoff rates in two headwaters of Southern Italy, mainly forested and agricultural, using a modeling approach. More specifically, the well-known Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is applied to Vacale (12.5 sq. km) torrent, regulated by check dams built in ‘1950-1960, and Serra torrent (13.7 sq. km), not regulated. Both sub-watersheds experienced an increase in forest cover up to 70%, while the agricultural land decreased by about 30% of the total area in the period after the construction of the control works until now. Previously, the model was calibrated in a third torrent (Duverso, 12.5 sq. km, gauged for runoff measurements), with the same climatic and geomorphological characteristics, using the automatic calibration by the SWATCUP program. After calibration, SWAT simulated the hydrological response under different land uses (forest, pasture and bare soil, the latter simulating total deforestation) and climate change scenarios (applying a Global Circulation Model, under 2.6 and 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathways) throughout the next 80 years. The results of this modeling experience showed that: (i) the presence of check dams noticeably reduced the hydrological response of the regulated headwater compared to the torrent without check dams; (ii) the vegetal cover of the forestland has been the most important factor in mitigating the surface runoff rate in comparison to the other land uses; (iii) under the future climate change scenarios, the surface runoff will increase with increasing mean temperatures and precipitation intensity. The model outputs help supporting a better understanding on the impacts of control works as well as land use and climate changes on the runoff generation capacity in Mediterranean torrents. These indications are useful to watershed managers in the adoption of the most effective strategy to mitigate flash flood hazards and heavy erosion risks in similar environmental contexts. </p><p>Acknowledgement: This research was funded by ERDF/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities-State Research Agency (AEI) /Project CGL2017-84625-C2-1-R; State Program for Research, Development and Innovation Focused on the Challenges of Society.</p><p> </p>

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