The nature and method of economic science: evidence, causality, and ends

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Maxime Desmarais-Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Science ◽  
Science Evidence

Post-nonclassical Challenge to Fundamental Economic Science

2004 ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tarasevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Science ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Scientific Context

The general scientific context of evolution of fundamental economic science is considered in the article. Possible changes of the status of economics as one of the universum spheres, shifts in fundamental economic science, its subject, object, subject space and methodical toolkit in connection with priority development of a post-nonclassical paradigm of scientific thought are analyzed.

On Scientific Value of russian Journals in Economics and related fields

2013 ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muravyev
Keyword(s):  
Reference Lists ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Scientific Value

In this paper we attempt to classify Russian journals in economics and related disciplines for their scientific significance. We show that currently used criteria, such as a journal’s presence in the Higher Attestation Committee’s list of journals and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) impact factor, are not very useful for assessing the academic quality of journals. Based on detailed data, including complete reference lists for 2010—2011, we find significant differentiation of Russian journals, including among those located at the top of the RSCI list. We identify two groups of Russian journals, tentatively called category A and B journals, that can be regarded as the most important from the viewpoint of their contribution to the economic science.

Three questions to political economy (An attempt of system introspection)

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
System Paradigm

The development of the system paradigm in economic science leads to the formulation of a number of important questions to the political economy as one of the basic directions of economic theory. In this article, on the basis of system introspection, three questions are considered. The first is the relevance of the class approach to the structuring of the socio-economic space; the second is the feasibility of revising the notion of property in the modern world; the third is the validity of the notion of changing formations as the sequence of “slave-owning system — feudal system — capitalist system”. It is shown that in modern society the system approach to the structuring of socio-economic space is more relevant than the class one. Today the classical notion of “property” does not reflect the diversity of production and economic relations in society and should be replaced by the notion of “system property”, which provides a significant expansion of the concepts of “subject of property” and “object of property”. The change of social formations along with the linear component has a more influential cyclic constituent and obeys the system-wide cyclic regularity that reflects the four-cycle sequence of the dominance of one of the subsystems of the macrosystem: project, object, environment and process.

Macroeconomic Equilibrium Theory in the Context of Methodological Problems of Contemporary Economic Science

2008 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
M. Likhachev
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Status ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Real Stability

The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological problems in using the conception of macroeconomic equilibrium in contemporary economics. The author considers theoretical status and relevance of equilibrium conception and discusses different areas and limits of applicability of the equilibrium theory. Special attention is paid to different epistemological criteria for this theory taking into account both empirical analysis of the real stability of economic systems and the problem of unobservability of equilibrium states.

J. M. Keynes as the Last Economist of Mainstream and a Precursor of Theoretical and Methodological Pluralism

2008 ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Science ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
The Difference

The article shows the methodological ambiguity of Keynes’ ideas. The simplified treatment of his views on the part of his followers is criticized. The author shows the difference between Keynes’ methodological disputes with classics and his debate with mathematical economists and econometricians, in particular with J. Tinbergen. It is shown that methodological discussions of 1930-1940 are actual for the assessment of the current state of economic science in Russia.

Analyzing the development of approaches to company performance measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1188
Author(s):  
A.B. Kogan ◽  
A.N. Pristavka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Effectiveness Evaluation ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Simple Set

Subject. The article presents various definitions of the efficiency concept, their changes as the economic science evolves, and describes various methods to measure company performance efficiency, ranging from a simple set of financial indicators to comprehensive systems for effectiveness evaluation. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to systematize the said definitions and identify a category that will meet the current condition of business environment. Methods. The study rests on the retrospective and comparative analysis of interpretations of the efficiency concept in the economic science. We also employ the historical and logical methods of general theoretical research. Results. We identify three approaches to the interpretation of the efficiency concept. Within the selected approaches, we consider the main methods for company performance measurement that have emerged since 1914. The paper formulates criteria, which were used to carry out the comparative analysis of these methods. The analysis enabled to trace all changes in the methods. Conclusions. We propose to use the term Integrated Company Efficiency and to develop methodological framework for measuring the comprehensive efficiency of companies operating in various industries.

Forensic science evidence: Naive estimates of false positive error rates and reliability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Martire ◽  
Agnes Bali ◽  
Kaye Ballantyne ◽  
Gary Edmond ◽  
Richard Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Positive Error ◽  
False Positive Error ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Positive Report ◽  
Science Evidence ◽  
Science Disciplines

We do not know how often false positive reports are made in a range of forensic science disciplines. In the absence of this information it is important to understand the naive beliefs held by potential jurors about forensic science evidence reliability. It is these beliefs that will shape evaluations at trial. This descriptive study adds to our knowledge about naive beliefs by: 1) measuring jury-eligible (lay) perceptions of reliability for the largest range of forensic science disciplines to date, over three waves of data collection between 2011 and 2016 (n = 674); 2) calibrating reliability ratings with false positive report estimates; and 3) comparing lay reliability estimates with those of an opportunity sample of forensic practitioners (n = 53). Overall the data suggest that both jury-eligible participants and practitioners consider forensic evidence highly reliable. When compared to best or plausible estimates of reliability and error in the forensic sciences these views appear to overestimate reliability and underestimate the frequency of false positive errors. This result highlights the importance of collecting and disseminating empirically derived estimates of false positive error rates to ensure that practitioners and potential jurors have a realistic impression of the value of forensic science evidence.

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