Nutritive Value of Maize Stover Harvested at Two Stages of Maturity and Mixed with Different Types and Levels of Protein Supplements

In agricultural production, weed removal is an important part of crop cultivation, but inevitably, other plants compete with crops for nutrients. Only by identifying and removing weeds can the quality of the harvest be guaranteed. Therefore, the distinction between weeds and crops is particularly important. Recently, deep learning technology has also been applied to the field of botany, and achieved good results. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in deep learning because of their excellent classification effects. The purpose of this article is to find a new method of plant seedling classification. This method includes two stages: image segmentation and image classification. The first stage is to use the improved U-Net to segment the dataset, and the second stage is to use six classification networks to classify the seedlings of the segmented dataset. The dataset used for the experiment contained 12 different types of plants, namely, 3 crops and 9 weeds. The model was evaluated by the multi-class statistical analysis of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The results show that the two-stage classification method combining the improved U-Net segmentation network and the classification network was more conducive to the classification of plant seedlings, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.7%.

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Comparison of diffused layer prepared using liquid dopant solutions and pastes for solar cell with screen printed electrodes

Microelectronics International ◽

10.1108/mi-03-2016-0031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kazimierz Drabczyk ◽

Edyta Wróbel ◽

Grazyna Kulesza-Matlak ◽

Wojciech Filipowski ◽

Krzysztof Waczynski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Ethyl Alcohol ◽

Diffusion Processes ◽

Phosphorus Oxychloride ◽

Low Cost ◽

Content Type ◽

Base Solution ◽

Different Types ◽

Main Components ◽

Two Stages

Purpose The purpose of this study is comparison of the diffusion processes performed using the commercial available dopant paste made by Filmtronics and the original prepared liquid dopant solution. To decrease prices of industrially produced silicon-based solar cells, the new low-cost production processes are necessary. The main components of most popular silicon solar cells are with diffused emitter layer, passivation, anti-reflective layers and metal electrodes. This type of cells is prepared usually using phosphorus oxychloride diffusion source and metal pastes for screen printing. The diffusion process in diffusion furnace with quartz tube is slow, complicated and requires expensive equipment. The alternative for this technology is very fast in-line processing using the belt furnaces as an equipment. This approach requires different dopant sources. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the diffusion processes were made for two different types of dopant sources. The first one was the commercial available dopant paste from Filmtronics and the second one was the original prepared liquid dopant solution. The investigation was focused on dopant sources fabrication and diffusion processes. The doping solution was made in two stages. In the first stage, a base solution (without dopants) was made: dropwise deionized (DI) water and ethyl alcohol were added to a solution consisting of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 99.8 per cent ethyl alcohol. Next, to the base solution, orthophosphoric acid dissolved in ethyl alcohol was added. Findings Diffused emitter layers with sheet resistance around 60 Ω/sq were produced on solar grade monocrystalline silicon wafers using two types of dopant sources. Originality/value In this work, the diffusion processes were made for two different types of dopant sources. The first one was the commercial available dopant paste from Filmtronics and the second one was the original prepared liquid dopant solution.

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Preparation of Cod Liver Residues and Vitamin B12 Concentrates

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f54-025 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 355-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beryl Truscott ◽

D. G. Gage ◽

P. L. Hoogland

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Sodium Bisulphite ◽

Drum Drying ◽

Different Types

As the first part of an investigation of the nutritive value of cod liver, two methods of preparation of cod liver residue were studied, as well as the effect of drum drying the residue, with and without the presence of sodium bisulphite, defatting the dried residue and extracting vitamin B12 from the dried residue.It was found that Vandenheuvel's method of preparation of residue produces very good results. The fresh residue could be dried without appreciable loss of vitamin B12 activity on a double drum dryer, operated with steam at 20 p.s.i.g. Sodium bisulphite afforded some protection during the drying. The most satisfactory results in defatting were obtained by extraction with dichloroethylene. Concentrates with vitamin B12 activity equivalent to 2–4 micrograms per milliliter were produced by extraction of dried, defatted residue with water and evaporation in vacuo.Five different types of residue were prepared for further studies.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH CRACKERS BASED ON TYPES OF FISH AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF STARCH

Pasundan Food Technology Journal ◽

10.23969/pftj.v5i2.1041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Dede Zaenal Arif

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Free Variable ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

Second Stage ◽

Sample Composition ◽

Different Types ◽

Development Levels ◽

Tapioca Flour ◽

Two Stages ◽

Organoleptic Parameters

The purpose of this research is to produce fish crackers from different types of fish, namely catfish and patin fish as well as different types of starch and know the characteristics of a good fish crackers. The benefit that can be expected from this research was to utilize catfish and patin fish abundant potency and add economic value. The method of this research was divided into two stages, namely the first stage is the stage which determines the range of the comparison with the fish flour, determine the type of fish and determine the type of flour used by using the hedonik method of organoleptic parameters. On the second stage has a purpose and that is to analyze chemical and physical fish crackers by comparison. The data were analyzed using the method of experiment results simple linear variable (x) increase in comparison of fish and flour (part). The free variable (y) consists of the response of the color, flavor, aroma, texture, volume and the development levels of crispness. The type of fish and the type of starch correlated against all response organoleptic, except the catfish and tapioca flour was not correlated against sense, catfish and cornmeal were not correlated against the texture of the fish, and catfish and sago flour not correlated against scent. The highest correlation is indicated by the sample composition of the cornmeal and catfish fish total value index by 17 of the total value of the correlation coefficient in classification. The sample was selected based on organoleptic level consumer favorite is with the composition of samples catfish and tapioca flour with a 1:1 comparison (111). Based on the results of the chemical analysis of protein obtained 24,38%, fat content of 1.6%, levels of starch of 44.69% and water content of 5.5%. Physical analysis of the parameter and the mobilising of the volume development of IE of 146.43% and the level of crispness that is of 0.56 mm/s/50gram.

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The nutritive value of canola, heat-treated canola and fish meals as protein supplements for lambs fed grass silage

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00037-0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 68 (1-2) ◽

pp. 139-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Plaisance ◽

H.V. Petit ◽

J.R. Seoane ◽

R. Rioux

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Heat Treated

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Influence of maturity stage on in situ dry matter degradability of six maize varieties in fistulated sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200004713 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 89-89

Author(s):

M. A. Akbar ◽

P. Lebzien ◽

G. Flachowsky

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Feed Value ◽

Two Stages

The fresh weight, dry matter (DM) contents and nutritional quality in maize vary considerably with variation in varieties, stages at which harvested, climatic conditions and agronomic factors. Recently, agronomists, nutritionists, and dairy producers have placed increased emphasis on factors affecting the nutritive value of maize. However, very little information is available on quantitative variability of the feed value of maize fodder as affected by such factors. This study was, therefore, carried out to assess the effect of harvesting of six different maize varieties at two stages (dates) of grain maturity on quality of both the stover and cobs.

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Fermentation kinetic, chemical composition, organic matter degradation and metabolisable energy of three non-cultivated pastures located in the central plateau of Mexico

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200029318 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 92-92

Author(s):

A A Rayas-Amor ◽

P Dorward ◽

T Rehman ◽

F L Mould ◽

O A Castelan-Ortega

Keyword(s):

Economic Benefit ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Growing Season ◽

Production Costs ◽

Grass Species ◽

Organic Matter Degradation ◽

Central Plateau ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Resource Poor ◽

Metabolisable Energy

Approximately 80% of all production costs are related to the purchase of forages and other feeds in dairy enterprises in Mexico. Resource poor, smallholder (campesino) systems are heavily reliant on the use of maize stover, noncultivated/cultivated grass species and weeds to feed their dairy cattle, thus a nutritional understanding of local forage resources would be of considerable economic benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value of non-cultivated pastures (NcP) across the growing season.

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The effect of the pea to wheat ratio and harvest date on the voluntary feed intake,in vivodigestibility and nitrogen retention of pea-wheat bi-crop silages by sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620000082x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2000 ◽

pp. 81-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A.T. Adesogan ◽

M.B. Salawu ◽

E.R. Deaville

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

N Retention ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Voluntary Feed Intake ◽

Two Stages

Pea-wheat bi-crop silages were reported to have moderate nutritive value when the proportion of peas in the sward was less than 200 g/kg (Adesoganet al., 1999). These authors also suggested that improvements in the digestibility, intake and nitrogen (N) balance of the forages may result from increasing the proportion of peas in the sward. This experiment was designed to examine this theory by determining thein vivoapparent digestibility, N retention and voluntary feed intake (VFI) in sheep of pea-wheat bi-crop silages containing different ratios of peas to wheat and harvested at two stages of growth.

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Use of the gas production technique to investigate the supplementation of nitrogen-deficient foods

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032596 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 202-204

Author(s):

C. D. Wood ◽

N. S. Prathalingam ◽

A. M. Murray ◽

R. W. Matthewman

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Gas Production ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Free Medium ◽

Production Technique ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

North West ◽

Rich Media

A major focus for improving the diets in many less developed countries (LDCS) is the provision of rumen fermentable nitrogen (N) using protein supplements to complement N-deficient foods. However, in vitro digestibility methods usually use N-rich environments for the degradation of single foods. This conventional approach may give data which do not reflect the nutritive value of the N-deficient diets often on offer in LDCS, neither is it appropriate for using in vitro gas production to study protein supplementation. Our earlier study indicated that, by using a N-free medium, the gas production technique responded to added ammonium sulphate and urea. The ADAS standardized methodology, which used 10 ml of inoculum instead of the 5 ml used in the earlier study, was found not to be very responsive to N supplementation. The ADAS methodology was therefore investigated in order to develop a modified protocol for fermenting foods in an N-limited environment. The study involved using inocula diluted to different extents in N-free medium for fermenting N-deficient substrates in N-free and N-rich media. The modified protocol was then used for investigating the interactions between N-rich and N-deficient foods from north-west India.

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