Fermentation kinetic, chemical composition, organic matter degradation and metabolisable energy of three non-cultivated pastures located in the central plateau of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
A A Rayas-Amor ◽  
P Dorward ◽  
T Rehman ◽  
F L Mould ◽  
O A Castelan-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Approximately 80% of all production costs are related to the purchase of forages and other feeds in dairy enterprises in Mexico. Resource poor, smallholder (campesino) systems are heavily reliant on the use of maize stover, noncultivated/cultivated grass species and weeds to feed their dairy cattle, thus a nutritional understanding of local forage resources would be of considerable economic benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value of non-cultivated pastures (NcP) across the growing season.

Chemical composition, organic matter degradation and metabolisable energy of three non-cultivated pastures located in the central plateau of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
AA Rayas-Amor ◽  
P Dorward ◽  
T Rehman ◽  
F L Mould ◽  
O A Castelan-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Approximately 80% of all production costs are related to the purchase of forages and other feeds in dairy enterprises in Mexico. Resource poor, smallholder (campesino) systems are heavily reliant on the use of maize stover, noncultivated/cultivated grass species and weeds to feed their dairy cattle, thus a nutritional understanding of local forage resources would be of considerable economic benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value of non-cultivated pastures (NcP) during one productive year.

Linear and quadratic models as predictors of dry matter production and nutritive value of pastures located in the central plateau of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
A A Rayas-Amor ◽  
P Dorward ◽  
T Rehman ◽  
F L Mould ◽  
O A Castelan-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quadratic Models

Approximately 80% of all production costs are related to the purchase of forages and other feeds in dairy enterprises in Mexico. Resource poor, smallholder (campesino) systems are heavily reliant on the use of maize stover, noncultivated/cultivated grass species and weeds to feed their dairy cattle, thus a nutritional understanding of local forage resources would be of considerable economic benefit. The objective of this study was to develop predictive models of herbage production and nutrient composition of four non-cultivated pastures (NcP), in order to minimise the cost of sample analysis and improve the utilisation of local forage resources in dairy enterprises.

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF PERENNIAL AND HYBRID RYEGRASS, ORCHARDGRASS AND REED CANARYGRASS GROWN IN THE LOWER MAINLAND OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Management System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Reed Canarygrass

A study was conducted in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia to determine the yield and quality characteristics of four grass species. Two cultivars of perennial ryegrass (PR), hybrid ryegrass (HR), orchardgrass (OG), and reed canarygrass (RC) were grown under a four-cut management system for two production years with annual rates of N:P2O5:K2O of 300:200:200 kg/ha. Dry matter yields of PR, HR and RC over the two production years were similar but each produced significantly less than OG. However, both PR and HR equalled OG in the production of digestible dry matter. RC equalled HR in the production of digestible dry matter but produced significantly less than either PR or OG. In vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly different among species, averaging 67% for PR, 64% for HR, 63% for RC and 59% for OG. It fluctuated throughout the growing season in a similar pattern for each cultivar in each production year, HR being an exception in the second year because it remained at constant digestibility. PR and HR were especially productive in the spring and early summer whereas OG produced digestible dry matter more evenly over the growing season. RC was the least productive species in the fall. Nitrogen content was highest for RC, intermediate for PR and OG, and lowest for HR. The differences observed among these species, in terms of seasonal and annual productivity and quality characteristics, emphasize the need for carefully defining grass production requirements before selecting the species, cultivar, and management system to meet those requirements.Key words: Grasses, yield, quality, digestibility, nitrogen content, nutritive value

Lack of relationship between wheat in vitro viscosity and digestibility parameters for pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
F.J. Lewis ◽  
J. McEvoy ◽  
K.J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Relationship

Whilst wheat is a major component in many pig diets it has the most variable composition of any of the cereals (Bolton & Blair, 1974) with wheat variety and the environment in which it was grown influencing its chemical and physical properties and thus nutritive value. A rapid and inexpensive method for prediction of nutritive value is thus needed to account for these variations in wheat composition. Viscosity is closely related to the soluble arabinoxylan content of wheat (Dusel et al., 1997) with a high in vitro wheat viscosity associated with a reduction in apparent metabolisable energy (AME) for poultry (Classen et al, 1995). The relationship between viscosity and nutritive value for pigs is therefore of interest. The present study investigated the effect of wheat quality measured by extract viscosity, on ileal and overall digestibility using the post-valve ‘T’ caecal (PVTC) canulation method in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Avena sativa AV25-T (Altoandina) Supplementation as Alternative for Colombia's High-Altitude Dairy Systems: An Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Enciso ◽  
Javier Castillo ◽  
Luis Orlando Albarracín ◽  
Luis Fernando Campuzano ◽  
Mauricio Sotelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Dairy Systems

In the Colombian high-altitude tropics (2,200–3,000 m.a.s.l.), Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) is the main feed source for the dairy system. This grass species has good characteristics regarding adaptability and productivity, but is affected by frost, grass bugs (Collaria spp.) and precipitation-related production seasonality. Forage deficits might thus be a problem at several times in a year. As a strategy to maintain production stable, dairy farmers use commercial feed concentrates increasing their production costs. Agrosavia, as a response to this, started in 2005 with the evaluation and selection of new forage species for the Colombian high-altitude tropics. The oat Avena sativa AV25-T was identified as promising alternative to supply the requirements of dry matter in times of deficit and released as cultivar in 2018 under the name Altoandina. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of Altoandina in Colombia's high-altitude dairy systems. Altoandina (Aa) was provided as silage in two different diets: 35%Aa−65% Kikuyu (Yellow Diet) and 65%Aa-35% Kikuyu (Red Diet). The diet for comparison was traditional grazing with 100% Kikuyu grass (Blue Diet). All diets were supplemented with 6kg commercial feed concentrate, 0.5 kg cotton seeds and 0.5 kg Alfalfa meal per cow/day, respectively. To estimate economic indicators, we used a cashflow model and risk assessment under a Monte Carlo simulation model. Including Altoandina incremented productivity per hectare by 82.3 and 220% in the Yellow and Red Diets, respectively. According to the results of our economic model, the Yellow Diet is the best alternative. Its average Net Present Value (NPV) was superior in >80% and showed a lower variability. The indicators Value at Risk (VaR) and probability (NPV < 0) show the Yellow Diet to have the lowest risk for economic loss under different yield/market scenarios. The Yellow Diet also has the lowest unit production costs and uncertainty of productive parameters. According to our findings, supplementation with Altoandina at 35%, i.e., during critical times, has high potential to improve efficiency and profitability. This information is key for the decision-making process of dairy farmers on whether to adopt this technology.

scholarly journals Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in ruminant nutrition: a review of the chemical composition and nutritive value

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Olurotimi A. Olafadehan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Protein Feed

AbstractRecently, microalgae, natural marine resources, have gained increasing interests as a feed for animals. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are single-cell microorganisms that have been used to provide nutrition to humans and animals for centuries. In the present review, we unveil the composition and nutritive value of C. vulgaris microalgae as a feed for ruminants. Research has shown that inclusion of C. vulgaris microalgae in diets improved feed utilization, milk production and quality, growth performance, and meat quality in ruminants, as a result of improved diet nutritive value leading to improved feed utilization. Very low doses of C. vulgaris in feed enhance growth and lactational performance of ruminants. Additionally, C. vulgaris showed very promising results as an alternative to corn and soybean meal; however, it is an expensive protein feed. Therefore, the main constraint to use of C. vulgaris as a feedstuff is its high cost of production, making improvement of cultivation technology to reduce the production costs a critical issue in the near future.

Compositional changes over four years for binary mixtures of grass species grown with white clover

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. McKenzie ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
E. Butt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass

Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue, orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and reed canarygrass were seeded in all possible two-grass combinations with white clover in conventional and underseeded barley treatments using a split-plot design at the Western Agriculture Centre near Pynn’s Brook, NL. The objectives were: (1) to assess dry matter yield (DMY) of two binary grass species when sown with white clover in mixtures under a system with cuttings at similar crop growth stages as rotational grazing and to assess the effect of underseeding to barley on this system; (2) to identify mixtures that enhance herbage distribution throughout the grazing season; and (3) to assess the sward dynamics over successive cropping seasons. The composition of the binary grass mixtures with white clover affected seasonal DMY, seasonal herbage distribution, and sward dynamics over the production years. Orchardgrass in mixtures decreased DMY, shifted the herbage distribution toward early season, and competed with other species. Timothy composition of the stand showed the largest decline over the 3 production years, whereas white clover declined in mixtures with bluegrass, orchardgrass, or tall fescue. Meadow fescue and reed canarygrass with white clover was the most productive mixture with excellent persistence and good yield distribution over the growing season. Orchardgrass was the least compatible species in the mixtures; it dominated first growth and contributed the least to biomass production in later years. Both bluegrass and reed canarygrass performed well in mixtures over the 3 production years; bluegrass appeared to enhance the performance of the other species during summer regrowth whereas reed canarygrass was superior in the later part of the growing season. Underseeding with barley did not affect white clover yield in any production year but detrimentally affected the yield of orchardgrass and meadow fescue in mixtures, and their seasonal distribution. Key words: Bluegrass, orchardgrass, meadow fescue, tall fescue, timothy, reed canarygrass, repeated measurements, principal component analysis, herbage DM distribution, species competition

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
RJ Allen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

Ethylene responses in non-climacteric horticultural crops.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (052) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Per Se

Abstract Ethylene regulates a number of metabolic routes throughout the crop growing season at different environmental conditions. The most known process dealing with the action of such a hormone turns out to be ripening of climacteric fruits, which as opposed to non-climacteric fruits, reveals that ripening is accompanied by a respiration peak in conjunction with a concomitant outburst of ethylene production. Ethylene has been the target of scientific investigations carried out by researchers linked to fruit and horticulture sciences owing to physiological responsiveness of non-climacteric fruits regarding quality issues, since consumption has been plummeting whereas production costs soar more and more. Molecular techniques have been largely and globally scrutinized in order to provide a better understanding of ripening physiology of fruits and horticultural species. Physiological responses come to being enigmatic and quite complex because variability inherent to different horticultural species, maturation process per se, and cultivar factors impair the possibility of garnering knowledge in light of clear evidence on processes encrusted in ethylene production from non-climacteric fruits.

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