Therapeutic effects of green tea on endometriosis

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, is characterized by oxidative stress and ovarian tissue inflammation. Green tea extract (GTE) potentially possesses therapeutic effects for PCOS because of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. This systematic review evaluates the potential roles of GTE on metabolic variables, hormone levels, and ovarian function in PCOS. Methods A systematic review was conducted of published studies reporting the effects of GTE on PCOS. Several major databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, were searched up from inception to April 2021. Clinical trials and animal studies that assessed the effects of GTE on PCOS were eligible for inclusion. Results Of 314 articles found in the search, four human studies and four animal studies were included. All studies in humans showed the effects of GTE on weight loss. GTE’s effect on decreasing testosterone levels in humans and LH levels in animals were also reported. In addition, increases in FSH and progesterone levels in animal models were observed. Although GTE improved fasting blood sugar and insulin levels, the effect of GTE on inflammatory parameters, such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 and antioxidant status, was limited to animal studies. Conclusion Therefore, this review suggests that GTE could be considered a potential agent to attenuate PCOS complications mainly due to its effect on weight loss and glycemic levels. However, more studies are needed to formulate conclusions about the effects and mechanisms of GTE in PCOS.

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Cerebral Cortex Apoptosis in Early Aged Hypertension: Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.705304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Min-Huang Hsieh ◽

Zhen-Yang Cui ◽

Ai-Lun Yang ◽

Nguyen Thanh Nhu ◽

Shih-Ying Ting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Green Tea ◽

Fas Ligand ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Egcg Treatment ◽

Endonuclease G ◽

Survival Pathway ◽

Wistar Kyoto ◽

Apoptotic Pathways

This study aimed to investigate cerebral cortex apoptosis on the early aged hypertension and the effects of green tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: a control Wistar-Kyoto group (WKY, n = 8), a spontaneously early aged hypertensive group (SHR, n = 8), and an early aged hypertension with EGCG treatment group (SHR-EGCG, n = 8; daily oral EGCG 200 mg/kg—94%, 12 weeks). At 48 weeks old, blood pressures (BPs) were evaluated and cerebral cortexes were isolated for TUNEL assay and Western blotting. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure levels in the SHR-EGCG were reduced compared to the SHR. The percentage of neural cell deaths, the levels of cytosolic Endonuclease G, cytosolic AIF (Caspase-independent apoptotic pathway), Fas, Fas Ligand, FADD, Caspase-8 (Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway), t-Bid, Bax/Bcl-2, Bak/Bcl-xL, cytosolic Cytochrome C, Apaf-1, Caspase-9 (Mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway), and Caspase-3 (Fas-mediated and Mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways) were increased in the SHR relative to WKY and reduced in SHR-EGCG relative to SHR. In contrast, the levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p-Bad, 14-3-3, Bcl-2/Bax, Bcl-xL/Bak, and p-Bad/Bad (Bcl-2 family-related pro-survival pathway), as well as Sirt1, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT (Sirt1/PI3K/AKT-related pro-survival pathway), were reduced in SHR relative WKY and enhanced in SHR-EGCG relative to SHR. In conclusion, green tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) might prevent neural apoptotic pathways and activate neural survival pathways, providing therapeutic effects on early aged hypertension-induced neural apoptosis.

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Cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of EGCG, the major polyphenol in green tea

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.12.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Islam Rady ◽

Hadir Mohamed ◽

Mohamad Rady ◽

Imtiaz A. Siddiqui ◽

Hasan Mukhtar

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Therapeutic Effects

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Iron Chelation Properties of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Analysis on Tfr/Fth Regulations and Molecular Docking

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/7958041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Zarith Nameyrra Md Nesran ◽

Nurul Husna Shafie ◽

Siti Farah Md Tohid ◽

Mohd Esa Norhaizan ◽

Amin Ismail

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Green Tea ◽

Iron Chelation ◽

Docking Study ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells

In many studies, green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has already shown its therapeutic effects in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). However, its mechanism of actions in CRC is poorly elucidated. Hence, this study attempts to elucidate the mechanism of actions of green tea ECGG via iron chelation activity in CRC. In order to investigate this property, HT-29 cell lines (CRC) were treated with EGCG for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. From western blot analysis, EGCG had upregulated transferrin receptor (TfR) protein and downregulated Ferritin-H (FtH) protein indicating that iron chelation activity has occurred in CRC. Meanwhile, the molecular docking study demonstrated that EGCG is able to strongly interact the ferritin protein with a high binding affinity (−7.3 kcal/mol) via strong hydrogen bindings to glutamic acid 64 and lysine 71; two moderate hydrogen bindings to asparagine 74 and a hydrophobic interaction to the hydrophobic pocket of lysine 71. The strong interaction predicted between EGCG to ferritin may lead to inhibition of ferritin by EGCG, thus supporting the downregulation of FtH observed in in vitro studies. Molecular docking study of TfR to EGCG cannot be modulated based on the in vitro results. In conclusion, EGCG possesses iron chelator property in CRC and this potential could be further exploited for CRC treatment.

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Effects of medium variation and fermentation time on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Kombucha

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v15n2-1.1536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2-1) ◽

pp. 298-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Batul Moiz Vohra ◽

Shazrul Fazry ◽

Fareed Sairi ◽

Othman Babul-Airianah

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Green Tea ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Black Tea ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

White Sugar

Kombucha is a traditional fermented drink and has recently gained popularity due to its numerous claims on therapeutic effects. It is prepared by sweetening black tea and fermented using a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts known as SCOBY. The drink can also be brewed using different type of tea and carbon sources. An investigation was conducted to characterize the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of kombucha by variation of carbon sources: white sugar (S), jaggery (J) and Kelulut honey (H) in black tea (BT) and green tea (GT) media over a period of 7, 14, 28 and 60 days. The antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy were tested post fermentation. All samples shown the highest value of DPPH inhibition for antioxidant activity at 7 days of fermentation but subsequently decreased with longer fermentation time except for the combination of green tea with jaggery (GT+J). Fermentation of green tea with white sugar (GT+S) showed the highest value with 84%. On the other hand, black tea with jaggery (BT+J) showed least DPPH activity, 9%. Fermentation with green tea demonstrated a higher antioxidant activity compared to black tea, whereas fermentation of any tea with jaggery showed the least antioxidant activity in comparison to white sugar and honey. Thus, it can be said that extended periods of fermentation reduce the DPPH inhibition of kombucha and jaggery itself as carbon source shows an interesting property. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disk diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. marcescens. The efficacy increases with time of fermentation for all combinations. Combination of black tea with all carbon sources was found to have most antimicrobial activity.

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Hepatosplenic Protective Actions of Spirulina platensis and Matcha Green Tea Against Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Mice via Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.650531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Amany M. Ramez ◽

Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy ◽

Gehad E. Elshopakey ◽

Amira A. Saleh ◽

Samar M. Moustafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Green Tea ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Infected Group ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Control Group ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Schistosomiasis, a major parasitic illness, has high morbidity and negative financial effects in subtropical and tropical countries, including Egypt. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) and matcha green tea (MGT) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice combined with tracing their possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impacts and their protective potency. A total of 60 Swiss albino mice were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10): control group (CNT, received normal saline); SP–MGT group [received oral SP (3 g/kg bodyweight/day) plus MGT (3 g/kg bodyweight/day)]; S. mansoni group (infected with S. mansoni cercariae, 100 ± 10/mouse, using the tail immersion method); SP-infected group (infected with S. mansoni and received oral SP); MGT-infected group (received oral MGT after S. mansoni infection); and SP–MGT-infected group (received combined treatment of SP and MGT after S. mansoni infection). Treatment with SP and MGT started 4 weeks after S. mansoni infection and ended 10 weeks after. SP and MGT treatment (SP-infected and MGT-infected groups) and the combined treatment (SP–MGT-infected group) minimized the hepatic damage induced by S. mansoni; circulating alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase decreased, and total protein, albumin, and globulin serum levels increased. The serum level of malondialdehyde significantly declined, and catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity increased in SP-infected, MGT-infected, and SP–MGT-infected groups compared with the infected group. Co-administration of SP and MGT reduced serum cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-13) and increased interleukin-10 levels after S. mansoni infection compared with the infected group. Moreover, treatment with SP and/or MGT decreased the number of granulomas in hepatic and splenic tissues compared with the infected group. Collectively, our results suggest that combined SP and MGT treatment is effective for S. mansoni infection. Liver and spleen tissue alterations were improved, the antioxidant systems were stimulated, and the inflammatory response was suppressed. Further research is recommended to investigate the mechanisms of the combined SP and MGT treatment effects to facilitate the development of novel therapies against this disease.

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(-)-Epicatechin gallate blocks the development of atherosclerosis by regulating oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00846c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinjin Yu ◽

Weifeng Li ◽

Xin Xiao ◽

Qiuxia Huang ◽

Jiabao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Green Tea ◽

Tea Polyphenols ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Stress Oxidative ◽

Tea Extract ◽

And Oxidative Stress

(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG), as a compound in green tea extract tea polyphenols, has specific therapeutic effects against oxidative and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is inseparable from Atherosclerosis (AS). Blocking oxidative...

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