Psychological and performance concomitants of increased volume training in elite athletes

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Murphy ◽  
Steven J. Fleck ◽  
Gary Dudley ◽  
Robin Callister
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
And Performance

SALBUTAMOL AND PERFORMANCE IN NON-ATOPIC ELITE ATHLETES

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
D. C. McKenzie ◽  
B. C. Rhodes ◽  
D. L. Sterling ◽  
J. P. Wiley ◽  
D. W. Dunwoody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Predictors of Performance in a Simulated Competitive Ski Mountaineering Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Michael Lasshofer ◽  
John Seifert ◽  
Anna-Maria Wörndle ◽  
Thomas Stöggl
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
And Performance

Competitive ski mountaineering (SKIMO) has achieved great popularity within the past years. However, knowledge about the predictors of performance and physiological response to SKIMO racing is limited. Therefore, 21 male SKIMO athletes split into two performance groups (elite: VO2max 71.2 ± 6.8 ml· min-1· kg-1 vs. sub-elite: 62.5 ± 4.7 ml· min-1· kg-1) were tested and analysed during a vertical SKIMO race simulation (523 m elevation gain) and in a laboratory SKIMO specific ramp test. In both cases, oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate and cycle characteristics were measured. During the race simulation, the elite athletes were approximately 5 min faster compared with the sub-elite (27:15 ± 1:16 min; 32:31 ± 2:13 min; p < 0.001). VO2 was higher for elite athletes during the race simulation (p = 0.046) and in the laboratory test at ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.005) and at maximum VO2 (p = 0.003). Laboratory maximum power output is displayed as treadmill speed and was higher for elite than sub-elite athletes (7.4 ± 0.3 km h-1; 6.6 ± 0.3 km h-1; p < 0.001). Lactate values were higher in the laboratory maximum ramp test than in the race simulation (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between race time and performance parameters was highest for velocity and VO2 related parameters during the laboratory test (r > 0.6). Elite athletes showed their superiority in the race simulation as well as during the maximum ramp test. While HR analysis revealed a similar strain to both cohorts in both tests, the superiority can be explainable by higher VO2 and power output. To further push the performance of SKIMO athletes, the development of named factors like power output at maximum and ventilatory threshold 2 seems crucial.

314 Alcohol and the Sleep of Elite Athletes

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A125-A125
Author(s):  
Lindsay Shaw ◽  
Yuval Altman ◽  
Shuli Eyal ◽  
Anda Baharav
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Psychological Influence ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Introduction Extensive evidence indicates that alcohol adversely affects athletic performance, increases the chance of injury, impairs aerobic metabolism, and has detrimental psychological influence. Alcohol consumption was also shown to be significant in young adults, with many elite athletes reporting alcohol intake. Sleep is essential to musculoskeletal recovery, acquisition of new skills, and emotional regulation in athletes. As insufficient sleep has detrimental effects on athletic performances and increases the risk of injury, we aimed to analyze the relation between alcohol consumption and sleep parameters among elite athletes. Methods We studied 9,164 nights recorded with the Boost application by 66 adult elite athletes from various sports during October 2019-December 2020. In addition to perceived and measured sleep parameters, nightly data included the previous day reported alcohol consumption and the number of training sessions. For each athlete, the average nightly mean heart rate (HR) in nights with reported alcohol consumption (AY) and without (AN) was calculated, as were the bedtime and the number of training sessions. Results In nights with reported alcohol, mean HR was higher (AY: 56.1±7.8 BPM, mean±SD, AN: 52.9±7.3 BPM, p&lt;.05), while bedtime was later (AY: 23:16±70 minutes, AN: 22:52±55 minutes, p&lt;.05) and fewer training sessions were reported in the following day (AY: 0.88±0.59 sessions, AN: 1.1±0.59 sessions, p&lt;.05). No correlation was found between mean HR and bedtime in nights without alcohol consumption (r=0.3). 24% of Saturday night recordings included alcohol consumption reports, with 16% of Friday nights and 12–13% for each of the remaining weeknights. Conclusion Adult elite athletes report consuming alcohol, especially during weekends when the probability for a training session the following day is lower. Our data support the well documented physiological effect of alcohol via elevated mean HR values throughout the night. Athletes and coaches should be educated about the impacts of alcohol and insufficient sleep on wellbeing and performance. Support (if any):

Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McDuff ◽  
Todd Stull ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

The Performance Profile: Theory and Application

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Butler ◽  
Lew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Performance Profiles ◽  
And Performance

The importance of discovering the athlete’s perspective of his or her own notions of self and performance is discussed with reference to Personal Construct Theory (Bannister & Fransella, 1986; Kelly, 1955). The athlete’s constructions are displayed in the form of performance profiles and the methodology of developing such profiles is described. The application of performance profiles is illustrated with a number of examples from elite athletes over a range of Olympic sports.

The Examination of the Relationship Between Exercise Addiction and Performance Enhancement in Elite Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Çetin ◽  
Celal Bulğay ◽  
Gönül Tekkurşun Demir ◽  
Halil İbrahim Cicioğlu ◽  
Işık Bayraktar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Hyun Han ◽  
David McDuff ◽  
Donald Thompson ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Claudia L Reardon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Performance

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common brain developmental disorder in the general population that may be even more prevalent in elite athletes in certain sports. General population studies of ADHD are extensive and have reported on prevalence, symptoms, therapeutic and adverse effects of treatment and new clinical and research findings. However, few studies have reported on prevalence, symptoms and treatments of ADHD in elite athletes. This narrative review summarises the literature on symptoms, comorbidities, effects of ADHD on performance and management options for elite athletes with ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in student athletes and elite athletes may be 7%–8%. The symptoms and characteristics of ADHD play a role in athletes’ choice of a sport career and further achieving elite status. Proper management of ADHD in elite athletes is important for safety and performance, and options include pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments.

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