Communication of Complex Information: User Goals and Information Needs for Dynamic Web Information. Michael J. Albers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. 263 pp

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Dynamic Web ◽  
Information User

scholarly journals Knowledge Graphs for COVID-19: An Exploratory Review of the Current Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Avishek Chatterjee ◽  
Cosimo Nardi ◽  
Cary Oberije ◽  
Philippe Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Improving Patient Care ◽  
Keyword Searches

Background: Searching through the COVID-19 research literature to gain actionable clinical insight is a formidable task, even for experts. The usefulness of this corpus in terms of improving patient care is tied to the ability to see the big picture that emerges when the studies are seen in conjunction rather than in isolation. When the answer to a search query requires linking together multiple pieces of information across documents, simple keyword searches are insufficient. To answer such complex information needs, an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technology named a knowledge graph (KG) could prove to be effective. Methods: We conducted an exploratory literature review of KG applications in the context of COVID-19. The search term used was “covid-19 knowledge graph”. In addition to PubMed, the first five pages of search results for Google Scholar and Google were considered for inclusion. Google Scholar was used to include non-peer-reviewed or non-indexed articles such as pre-prints and conference proceedings. Google was used to identify companies or consortiums active in this domain that have not published any literature, peer-reviewed or otherwise. Results: Our search yielded 34 results on PubMed and 50 results each on Google and Google Scholar. We found KGs being used for facilitating literature search, drug repurposing, clinical trial mapping, and risk factor analysis. Conclusions: Our synopses of these works make a compelling case for the utility of this nascent field of research.

scholarly journals Necessidades de informação do Gênero Mulher no Distrito Federal, Brasil: resultado de um survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia do Vale Caribé ◽  
Alejandra Aguilar Pinto ◽  
Fabiene Castelo Branco Diogenes
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
User Studies ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Information User ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Estudo insere-se na área de estudo de usuários, relata os resultados de um survey, realizado no Distrito Federal (DF), Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar as necessidades e o uso de informação pelas mulheres, tendo utilizado uma amostra aleatória de 37 entrevistas estruturadas. Inclui breve revisão de literatura sobre estudos de usuários com o objetivo de identificar as necessidades e uso da informação por diferentes categorias de indivíduos; apresenta a evolução dos estudos de usuários em termos metodológicos e de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa; e estudos relacionados à necessidade e uso de informação do gênero mulher. Nesta pesquisa foram identificados os graus de importância de alguns temas, as fontes e instrumentos que interessam à mulher do DF e a gradação de freqüência do uso, bem como, analisada a relação dessas fontes de preferência com o perfil de escolaridade, idade e renda.AbstractThis study may be considered an information user needs study. It reports results of a survey conducted in Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil. Its objective was identifying the information needs and use of women, and was used a random sample of 37 interviews structured. Includes brief literature review on user studies with the goal of identifying the needs and use of information by different individuals categories; shows the evolution of user studies of quantitative and qualitative methodology and approach; and the need and use of information from the woman gender studies. In this research the importance degrees of some topics, sources and instruments that are interested to the wife of DF and gradation of frequency of use were identified, were analyzed the relationship of these sources preferably with the profile of education, age and income.KeywordsUser information needs. User studies. Woman gender.AbstractThis study may be considered an information user needs study. It reports results of a survey conducted in Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil. Its objective was identifying the information needs and use of women, and was used a random sample of 37 interviews structured. Includes brief literature review on user studies with the goal of identifying the needs and use of information by different individuals categories; shows the evolution of user studies of quantitative and qualitative methodology and approach; and the need and use of information from the woman gender studies. In this research the importance degrees of some topics, sources and instruments that are interested to the wife of DF and gradation of frequency of use were identified, were analyzed the relationship of these sources preferably with the profile of education, age and income. Keywords User information needs. User studies. Woman gender.

scholarly journals Leveraging Domain Context for Question Answering Over Knowledge Graph

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peihao Tong ◽  
Qifan Zhang ◽  
Junjie Yao
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Matching Models

Abstract With the growing availability of different knowledge graphs in a variety of domains, question answering over knowledge graph (KG-QA) becomes a prevalent information retrieval approach. Current KG-QA methods usually resort to semantic parsing, search or neural matching models. However, they cannot well tackle increasingly long input questions and complex information needs. In this work, we propose a new KG-QA approach, leveraging the rich domain context in the knowledge graph. We incorporate the new approach with question and answer domain context descriptions. Specifically, for questions, we enrich them with users’ subsequent input questions within a session and expand the input question representation. For the candidate answers, we equip them with surrounding context structures, i.e., meta-paths within the targeting knowledge graph. On top of these, we design a cross-attention mechanism to improve the question and answer matching performance. An experimental study on real datasets verifies these improvements. The new approach is especially beneficial for specific knowledge graphs with complex questions.

scholarly journals Information Need and Information User: Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thanh Van
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
User Community ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Information User ◽  
Concept Classification ◽  
Role Of Information

This study discusses theoretical and practical issues of information needs and information users. The study presents a theoretical system about information needs and information users, including: concept, classification and role of information users; concept, classification, characteristics, and factors affecting information needs. The study affirms the practical values of information user's information needs for the development of society, the information and library industry and information user community.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PEMBERIAN REWARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT KUNJUNG MAHASISWA DI PERPUSTAKAAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG

Edulib ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putut Suharso ◽  
Yulika Setyowulandari
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Information Provider ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

ABSTRACTIn the freedom of information age, the openness and easiness of information access is important. The provision of data and information has become crucial for many people. The diversity of the information needs drive many information provider institutions work hard to fulfill those needs. However, neither institution can provide complex information needs or information sources perfectly. Thus, those information institutions should have a good solution in order to provide information for all users with different requirement. One of the actions is by building network or cooperation between information provider institutions. The research objective are, first to investigate the Indonesia – Malaysia digital library networks; secondly, to find out the drivers and obstacles of the networks. The research method is by web observation and literature study. The research output is a recommendation for the improvement of the Indonesia - Malaysia digital library networks and cooperation. Keywords: library cooperation, library networking, Indonesia-Malaysia library ABSTRAKDalam era keterbukaan saat ini, penyajian data dan informasi sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan akses informasi seluas-luasnya kepada masyarakat. Keberagaman kebutuhan informasi, keterbatasan sumber daya informasi dan perubahan prilaku pengguna informasi menjadikan tidak satupun lembaga informasi yang dapat memenuhi semua kebutuhan penggunanya  tersebut. Sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan memberikan layanan yang optimal kepada pengguna maka diperlukan adanya kerjasama dan jaringan antar lembaga informasi. Salah satu lembaga informasi adalah perpustakaan yang akan di jadikan objek dalam makalah ini. Sosialisasi dan pertukaran informasi dilakukan berbagai lembaga baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh Kementrian Ristek Republik Indonesia dengan Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia. Makalah ini akan membahas tentang jaringan informasi dan kerjasama perpustakaan digital antara Indonesia dan Malaysia, bentuk bentuk kerjasama yang ada dan faktor penunjang serta penghambat kerjasama tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan studi pustaka baik tercetak maupun online. Hasil dari makalah ini adalah meyediakan data dan informasi tentang jaringan informasi dan kerjasama perpustakaan antara Indonesia dan Malaysia yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan rekomendasi baik untuk perpustakaan di Indonesia maupun di Malaysia dalam hal kerjasama.Kata kunci: kerjasama perpustakaan, jaringan perpustakaan, Perpustakaan Indonesia-Malaysia

scholarly journals Conversations with Search Engines: SERP-based Conversational Response Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Pengjie Ren ◽  
Zhumin Chen ◽  
Zhaochun Ren ◽  
Evangelos Kanoulas ◽  
Christof Monz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Response ◽  
List Type ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Complex Information

In this article, we address the problem of answering complex information needs by conducting conversations with search engines , in the sense that users can express their queries in natural language and directly receive the information they need from a short system response in a conversational manner. Recently, there have been some attempts towards a similar goal, e.g., studies on Conversational Agent s (CAs) and Conversational Search (CS). However, they either do not address complex information needs in search scenarios or they are limited to the development of conceptual frameworks and/or laboratory-based user studies. We pursue two goals in this article: (1) the creation of a suitable dataset, the Search as a Conversation (SaaC) dataset, for the development of pipelines for conversations with search engines, and (2) the development of a state-of-the-art pipeline for conversations with search engines, Conversations with Search Engines (CaSE), using this dataset. SaaC is built based on a multi-turn conversational search dataset, where we further employ workers from a crowdsourcing platform to summarize each relevant passage into a short, conversational response. CaSE enhances the state-of-the-art by introducing a supporting token identification module and a prior-aware pointer generator, which enables us to generate more accurate responses. We carry out experiments to show that CaSE is able to outperform strong baselines. We also conduct extensive analyses on the SaaC dataset to show where there is room for further improvement beyond CaSE. Finally, we release the SaaC dataset and the code for CaSE and all models used for comparison to facilitate future research on this topic.

scholarly journals Nudging in Supermarkets to Reduce Plastic Bag Consumption Among Customers: A Framework for Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Food Needs

Despite good intentions, the increasing number of plastic bag bans aimed at alleviating marine plastic pollution saw a correlated increase in the number of unintended consequences that emerged alongside the bans, suggesting that human behavior towards plastic bag consumption have not changed, but merely shifted, and are feeding into other major international environmental catastrophes. Nudge theory, which helps people make better choices for themselves without inhibiting their free will, is a potential solution that has been shown to play a subtle but important role in providing options under circumstances where complex information needs to be streamlined for the wider community, avoiding any unintended consequences and behavioural shifts that might arise from instruments that diminishes autonomy. It is therefore timely to look into the insights of nudge theory to encourage a positive behavioural change to reduce plastic bag consumption. Here we apply a systematic literature review to show how successful applications of nudges in supermarkets can be leveraged to reduce plastic bag consumption. We find that the current applications of nudges in various industries worldwide, including supermarkets have produced positive and encouraging results, as well as producing lasting behavioural change among the wider community. Supermarkets are identified as a powerful deployment site of these nudges due to their positioning as a dominant provider of plastic bags to the wider community, as well as being the largest and leading provider of daily food needs. Finally, we synthesise our findings to produce a coherent and testable framework of actionable interventions that supermarkets can employ to nudge customers towards reduced plastic bag reliance, accompanied with a visual timeline of a customer shopping in a supermarket experiencing these nudges.

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