Abstract
Pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) offers concurrent treatment of chemical and microbial target compounds in water by several mechanisms. Here, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis spore, and MS2 bacteriophage inactivation by PAED were investigated using two bench-scale reactors (0.7 and 3 L). A plasma channel was created between a pair of iron electrodes set 0.5 mm apart in these reactors. Pulsed applied voltage was supplied at approximately 0.3 kJ/pulse (~100 µsec). In the 0.7-L reactor, median E. coli, B. subtilis, and MS2 reductions of 2.4-, 4.6-, and 3.7-log, respectively, were observed after approximately 80 seconds of treatment in water with a conductivity of 14.7 mS; reductions of 2.8-, 4.0-, and 3.7-log, respectively, were observed in treated drinking water filter effluent (conductivity of 610 µS). In the 3-L reactor, at a conductivity of 500 to 600 µS, 1.9- and approximately 0.9-log median reductions of E. coli and B. subtilis were achieved after 500 pulses (~3,300 sec); and, at a conductivity of 4.3 mS, median E. coli reductions of 0.5-log were achieved after 50 pulses (400 sec). Further work is necessary to elucidate the primary mechanism(s) of disinfection acting in the PAED system and how they relate to the reactor design, applied power requirements, and disinfection of specific target microorganisms.
Vaccine Efficacy of Bm86 Ortholog ofH. a. anatolicum, rHaa86 Expressed in Prokaryotic Expression System