Oral Reading, Silent Reading, and Listening Comprehension: a Comparative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise B. Elgart
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Materials

Comprehension is achieved through three different modes of reception — oral reading, silent reading, and listening. The relative effectiveness of each of the three modes has been examined, but has yielded conflicting results due to intersubject variation and difference in degree of reading materials. The purpose of this study was to use a research design which eliminated those two sources of error as they affect a comparison of the three modes of reception — oral reading, silent reading, listening on comprehension. Forty-five third-grade students were selected. The pupils read orally, read silently, and listened to selections taken from the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Comprehension Test-Primary C, Form 2. An Analysis of Variance using a Latin Square Design with repeated measures was used. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between the three modes of reception with oral reading significantly more effective than silent reading in comprehending material.

A Comparison of Intramuscular Temperatures during 10-Minute 1.0-MHz Ultrasound Treatments at Different Intensities

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Leonard ◽  
Mark Merrick ◽  
Chris Ingersoll ◽  
Mitchell Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Thermal Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Treatment Order ◽  
Intramuscular Temperature

Context:Research on therapeutic ultrasound has not focused on the duration needed to cause thermal change with various ultrasound intensities.Objective:To analyze triceps surae intramuscular temperature using 4 intensity levels after a 10-min 1-MHz continuous ultrasound treatment at a depth of 4 cm.Design:1 × 4 repeated measures. Independent variable: intensity of 4 levels—0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm2. Dependent variable: peak intramuscular temperature.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:19 volunteers with no lower leg pathologies.Intervention:Treatment order was balanced via Latin square and performed 24 hr apart.Main Outcome Measures:Peak intramuscular temperatures.Results:The only significant difference detected was that the mean temperature after the 1.0-W/cm2 treatment (37.3 °C) was greater than that at 2.0-W/cm2 intensity (36.1 °C). No treatment reached the desired 4° increase needed for therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions:Treatments at 1.0 W/cm2 increased tissue temperatures more than those at 2.0 W/cm2.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Reading Errors between Contextual Sentences and Random Words among Schoolchildren

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursyairah Mohd Khalid ◽  
Noor Halilah Buari ◽  
Ai-Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Reading ◽  
Reading Errors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Reading Charts ◽  
The Mean

This paper compares the oral reading errors between the contextual sentences and random words among schoolchildren. Two sets of reading materials were developed to test the oral reading errors in 30 schoolchildren (10.00±1.44 years). Set A was comprised contextual sentences while Set B encompassed random words. The schoolchildren were asked to read both contextual sentences and random words reading charts at random order, loudly at normal reading speed. The reading errors were quantified based on the number of mistakes made during reading. The errors were classified into 6 categories; mispronunciations, substitutions, refusals, additions, omissions, and reversals. The results indicated the mean number of errors made by schoolchildren in reading sentence of Set A and Set B were 1.30±0.23 words and 2.70±0.41 words respectively. Random words, Set B, gave a significantly higher number of reading errors compared to contextual sentences, Set A, (U=287, z=-2.46, p=0.01). Reading the random words gave higher number of errors compared to reading the contextual sentences. Mispronunciations and substitutions were the most possible types of errors made when reading Set B (U=234, z=-3.60, p=<0.01 and U=325, z=-2.00, p=0.04 respectively). Schoolchildren tended to mispronounce and substitute some words during reading the random words. In comparing the number of oral reading errors made between schoolchildren and young adults, there was no significant difference. A similar pattern of the type of errors was also found in oral reading errors in both schoolchildren and young adults. Overall findings could be linked to the existence of comprehension during reading the contextual sentences compared to reading the random words.

scholarly journals SPEECH RATE OF OLDER PEOPLE

2011 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Erica Gonçalves Teixeira ◽  
Letícia Correa Celeste ◽  
Henrique Gonçalves Teixeira ◽  
César Reis
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

This research consists primarily of the attempt to better understand the phenomena related to the temporal organization in oral reading of adults and older people in Brazilian Portuguese. In order to do so, readings were collected from one of the excerpts of the corpus EUROM1 for Brazilian Portuguese, with 20 female informants. For the analysis of temporal organization, we studied the following parameters: elocution and articulation time, number of pauses and their time, number of syllables, elocution and articulation rates. We were able to note that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups observed for all the analyzed parameters (except the one with number of syllables). Therefore, we conclude that the temporal organization is an important aspect of prosody, which may give relevant information in a comparative study.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF READING METHOD ON THE COMPREHENSION PERFORMANCE OF THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF BALIKPAPAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rochman
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Real World ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Reading Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study the researcher investigated the relative effects of different reading methods on the comprehension performance of Balikpapan Foreign Language Academy EFL Third Semester students. The scores of participants who read three comparable passages in three ways (oral, silent and subvocalizing) were compared. Results revealed a significant difference between oral reading and subvocalization, and between oral reading and silent reading. Oral reading had the greatest effect on comprehension performance among the three reading methods examined. All groups reported that oral reading was the most preferred reading method with the majority of respondents feeling the style best supported comprehension. Feedback suggested that oral reading was preferred specifically because it helps in memorizing words and texts, concentration, and practicing and pronouncing words for real world encounters. It is recommended that second language lecturers and students use all available reading methods in order to identify which method best serves their study objectives.

Comparative Study between Endoscopic Aided Septoplasty with Two Handed Technique using Endoholder and Conventional Septoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
Naganawalachullu Jaya Prakash Mayya ◽  
Nabin Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Endoscopic Septoplasty ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Deviated nasal septum is one of the most common causes for the nasal obstruction. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing conventional septoplasty and endoscopic septoplasty in the management of deviated nasal septum. Methods:  Prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 patients who presented to the Department of ENT, College of Medical sciences, during a period of one year. The severity of the symptoms was subjectively assessed using NOSE score and objectively assessed using modified Gertner plate. Results: There was significant improvement in functional outcome like NOSE Score and area over the Gertner plate among patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty. Significant difference in incidence of post-operative nasal synechae and haemorrhage was seen in conventional group compared to endoscopic group. Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery is an evolutionary step towards solving the problems related to deviated nasal septum. It is safe, effective and conservative, alternative to conventional septal surgery.

Investigating the Effect of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on Occupational Performance among Women with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Arezoo Shayan ◽  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Farkhondeh Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Treatment of breast cancer can be accompanied by long-term consequences affecting women’s participation in many tasks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) program on occupational performance of women with breast cancer. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, conducted between Feb 3 and Oct 26, 2016, 104 women with breast cancer who had referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan, and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (20-60 years old, married, suffering from grade 1-3 breast cancer with a history of recent surgery) were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups of 52 using a permuted block size of four. The intervention group took part in four 60-minute sessions of CBSM over four weeks. The study data were collected using a demographic information form and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The statistical analyst was masked to intervention allocation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mean scores of occupational performance (p=0.02) and satisfaction (p=0.005) after the intervention. Each variable was measured at three time points (before the intervention, immediately and 2 weeks after intervention). A significant difference was observed in the two groups’ mean scores of performance (p=0.026) and satisfaction (p=0.01), irrespective of the time of assessment. Conclusion: The CBSM program promoted the occupational performance immediately and two weeks after the intervention in women with breast cancer. This technique can be used as a complementary method alongside medical therapies in oncology centers.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Anterior Capsulotomy Edge: A Comparative Study between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Manual Capsulorhexis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tognetto ◽  
Chiara De Giacinto ◽  
Alberto Armando Perrotta ◽  
Tommaso Candian ◽  
Alessandro Bova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To compare the capsule edges ultrastructure obtained by two femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) platforms and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting. Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Italy. Design. Experimental comparative study. Methods. 150 anterior capsules were collected and divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (50 capsules) obtained with manual CCC, Groups 2 and 3 (each with 50 capsules) obtained with the Catalys Laser and the LenSx Laser, respectively. All samples were imaged by means of SEM and regularity of the cut surface, and thickness of the capsule edge were evaluated and compared. Results. All femtosecond laser (FSL) capsules were perfectly circular, whereas some alteration of the circular shape was observed in the manual ones. Group 1 showed a smooth and regular capsule edge without any surface irregularity, conversely Groups 2 and 3 showed postage-stamp perforations on the capsule edge. The cut surface irregularity value in Group 2 was 1.4 ± 0.63, while it was 0.7 ± 0.49 in Group 3 (p<0.05). Group 1 had a significantly lower thickness of the capsule edge than the FSL groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the capsule edge thickness between the FSL groups was found (p=0.244). Conclusions. Despite the presence of slight cut surface irregularities, both FSL capsulotomies showed a better geometry and circularity than the manual ones. Capsulotomy specimens obtained using both FSL capsulotomies showed laser-induced alterations of the capsule edge when compared with smooth and regular edges obtained using manual CCC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document