Intertextuelle Relationen in der Zeitungslandschaft des 18. Jahrhunderts: Close und Distant Reading von Ausgaben der Wiener und Preßburger Zeitung

In this article, two important newspapers of the Habsburg monarchy – the Wiener Zeitung (previously: Wien[n]erisches Diarium) and the Preßburger Zeitung – are related to each other in several aspects. After a historical overview of the context in which these periodicals were created and taking into account the research literature already available, the first step was to look for parallels in their formal design. Since both newspapers have also been digitally made accessible in full text recently, it was also possible to determine approximately how frequent direct mutual references to the other periodical occur by means of so-called distant reading procedures. Close reading methods were then used to examine and interpret the corpus-based references. This comparative approach with digital methods allows the synoptic examination of individual text passages and thus offers new insights into the complex relationship between the Wiener Zeitung and the Preßburger Zeitung in the 18th century.

A Study of Word Reading in Persian- speaking Children With Dyslexia and Normal Ones

Introduction: Reading is undoubtedly one of the most valuable skills of human beings. This complex behavior is composed of several distinct skills. Different theories about reading methods have been proposed and many researchers believe that reading methods varies in languages because of the different transparency in their orthography, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the Persian word reading pattern in children with dyslexia and normal children and compare their abilities. Materials and Methods: For conducting this cross-sectional study, after issuing required permits, the elementary school children with dyslexia were identified by referring to learning disorders schools in Tehran City, Iran. After evaluating and diagnosing by the psychologist and speech therapist, 16 students with dyslexia were found. Then 32 normal age-matched students of Tehran’s public schools were randomly selected from the available population as the control group. The reading and phonological awareness tests were then performed in different sessions. The results of the tests were recorded and the data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests in SPSS version 20. Results: There was a significant difference between children with dyslexia and their age- matched normal group in reading skills and phonological awareness (P<0.05). In both groups, the mean percentage in reading irregular words was higher than the mean percentage of non- word reading. There is a significant correlation between reading speed and reading irregular words in both groups, and also between reading accuracy and reading non-words (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the reading speed and reading non-words in the group with dyslexia (P<0.05). But in normal children, there is no significant correlation between these tasks. This difference shows the problem of children with dyslexia pertains to reading non-words. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, in children with dyslexia, there is a problem with reading non-words, and the dual-route of word reading has changed to only the whole word reading route. So it is important to consider phonological awareness skills training in children with dyslexia.

Yahwistic incongruency and enigma: A challenge to relinquish violence?

This article deals with the incongruency and enigma of violence on the part of Yahweh, in order to locate action or inaction against violence on a human level. The debate whether people should be actively involved in serving their countries in the military, if political leaders can wage war and take up arms against a corrupt, grossly oppressive and unjust regime, and if people should vote for and endorse parties with such policies, is contested. Furthermore, questions such as whether people can fight back when they are attacked on the street, whether they can own firearms and use them in self-defence when their families are under siege, and if they can physically harm a person who is in the process of sexually abusing their spouse, are indeed pertinent yet difficult questions to answer, especially in light of verses that say ‘Blessed are the meek… blessed are the merciful… blessed are the peacemakers… blessed are those who are persecuted…’ (Mt 5:3–10). The questions are foregrounded on the notion that appropriates the Christian use of violence to correct a wrong. For the purpose of this study, a historical and literary analysis was employed.Contribution: This article contributes to the theological discourse within the Old Testament, ethical studies, New Testament studies as well as practical theology as it explores the intersections between the theological theme of violence by means of historical-critical and inter-textual reading methods.

DIRECT-READING METHODS DALAM ANALISIS PAJANAN NANOPARTIKEL PADA PERSONAL BREATHING ZONE (PBZ) DI INDONESIA : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Measurement of nanoparticles in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) is an effort to assess the risk of nanoparticle exposure in the workplace. Can be done with Direct-Reading as a monitor effort. Indonesia, as one of the countries that also participates in the use of nanotechnology, requires a measurement method that is appropriate to its conditions. Methods: this systematic literature review examines direct-reading methods. Result: two types of instruments were found for direct reading. Results: by conducting an assessment in accordance with the conditions of the Indonesian state, this study recommends Condensation particle counter (CPC) as an instrument that can be used

Discussion on E-books and Library Borrowing Service

With the vigorous development of network information technology, e-book borrowing service came into being and showed a vigorous development trend. Therefore, in order to strengthen the service function, the library needs to gradually improve the e-book borrowing service, so as to provide readers with high-quality service content, so that the library can give full play to its function of disseminating scientific and cultural knowledge. Therefore, in this article research, we first discuss the main reading methods of e-books, then investigate the current reading situation of e-books and traditional paper books in the library, and then put forward corresponding development strategies to effectively promote the rapid development of the library and strengthen the level of e-book borrowing service.

Aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en época de pandemia

This review article entitled "Literacy Learning in Pandemic Times", determines the factors that influence and arise at the educational level due to the confinement that has generated difficulties in the learning of literacy. The objective is to synthesize bibliographic information on the different literacy techniques that were developed during the pandemic period. From this perspective, the study is oriented to a documentary bibliographic research with a qualitative analysis, in which information was collected from different bibliographic sources. Contributions from various authors are analyzed, with several perspectives on techniques and importance to determine not only the factors that affect this process, but also the ideal strategies for strengthening literacy that involve institutional, family and student environments. It is concluded that reading and writing in times of pandemic brought with it a series of challenges due to the fact that education moved towards virtuality with all the demands and new limitations imposed by physical distance for the development of a learning process that in itself requires accompaniment; the family becomes the nucleus of education, it learned to use reading methods, stimulated the development of social, cognitive and affective skills necessary for the effective development of reading and writing.

Reading Process of Arab Children: An Eye-Tracking Study on Saudi Elementary Students

Many previous eye-tracking studies were conducted to examine how adult readers process different written languages. Relatively, only few eye-tracking studies have been conducted to observe the reading process of Arab children. This study investigated the influence of orthographic regularity on Saudi elementary grades’ English and Arabic words recognition. The eye movements of 15 grade-four students and 15 grade-six students were recorded while they read words that differ in frequency and regularity. Analysis of the visual information from the word-recognition process shows differences in the students’ eye movements for the two languages. There were statistically significant differences in the total fixation duration and fixation count between the two languages and between both groups. All the students showed longer processing time for English sentences than Arabic ones. However, Arabic-speaking students were influenced by English orthography with more processing difficulty for English irregular words. The visual information shows that more cross-linguistic differences are found in grade-four students’ results. Grade-four students transferred their first language (L1) reading strategies to read English words; however, Arabic reading methods cannot be effectively applied to reading irregular orthographies like English. This explains the increased eye-movement measurements of grade-four students compared to grade-six students, who fixated more on unfamiliar English words. Although orthographic regularity had a major effect on the word-recognition process in this study, the development of the students’ Arabic and English orthographic knowledge affected the progress of their visual word recognition across the two levels.

Efficacy of a comprehensive binary classification model using a deep convolutional neural network for wireless capsule endoscopy

The manual reading of capsule endoscopy (CE) videos in small bowel disease diagnosis is time-intensive. Algorithms introduced to automate this process are premature for real clinical applications, and multi-diagnosis using these methods has not been sufficiently validated. Therefore, we developed a practical binary classification model, which selectively identifies clinically meaningful images including inflamed mucosa, atypical vascularity or bleeding, and tested it with unseen cases. Four hundred thousand CE images were randomly selected from 84 cases in which 240,000 images were used to train the algorithm to categorize images binarily. The remaining images were utilized for validation and internal testing. The algorithm was externally tested with 256,591 unseen images. The diagnostic accuracy of the trained model applied to the validation set was 98.067%. In contrast, the accuracy of the model when applied to a dataset provided by an independent hospital that did not participate during training was 85.470%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.922. Our model showed excellent internal test results, and the misreadings were slightly increased when the model was tested in unseen external cases while the classified ‘insignificant’ images contain ambiguous substances. Once this limitation is solved, the proposed CNN-based binary classification will be a promising candidate for developing clinically-ready computer-aided reading methods.