Egg hatching phenology and success of Lestes macrostigma in two temporary brackish ponds

AbstractThe tettigoniid Barbitistes vicetinus Galvagni & Fontana was described in 1993 as an endemic and rare bush-cricket of north-east Italy. Since 2008, this species has become a pest, causing repeated outbreaks with severe defoliations in broadleaf forests and neighbouring crops. Few data are currently available on ecology and life-cycle of this species, in particular about how temperature regulates egg-diapause and hatching phenology. The present work reports a field study regarding hatching phenology of B. vicetinus, surveyed with 84 emergence traps over four consecutive years (2013–2016). Moreover, the effect of temperature on the hatching was tested in the laboratory, exposing eggs to different temperatures. Field observations showed that hatching occurred between the end of March and beginning of April. In warmer years, hatching started early in the spring and lasted longer, while in colder years, hatching started later and was concentrated in a few days. Moreover, a significant effect of both elevation and exposure on the hatching start was observed. Results obtained from laboratory suggested the ability of the species to develop in the post-final diapause in a wide range of thermal conditions. After the diapause (terminated by a prolonged common exposure to low temperature) B. vicetinus was able to hatch from 6 to 23°C although, due to prolonged post-diapause development, hatching took place progressively later at colder temperatures. To manage B. vicetinus outbreaks, forecasting the seasonal phenology of egg hatching and its duration is important for an effective pest control.

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Incubation Temperature Influences the Duration of Egg Hatching and Early Development in the Boreal Digging Frog, Kaloula Borealis

Journal of Zoo Biology ◽

10.33687/zoobiol.003.01.2267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. ACCEPTED

Author(s):

Rho-Jeong Rae

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Early Life ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Hatching Rates

This study investigated the boreal digging frog, Kaloula borealis, to determine the egg hatching period and whether the hatching period is affected by incubation temperature. The results of this study showed that all the eggs hatched within 48 h after spawning, with 28.1% (±10.8, n=52) hatching within 24 h and 99.9% (±0.23, n=49) within 48 h after spawning. A significant difference was noted in the mean hatching proportion of tadpoles at different water temperatures. The mean hatching rates between 15 and 24 h after spawning was higher at a water temperature of 21.1 (±0.2) °C than at 24.1 (±0.2) °C. These results suggest that incubation temperature affected the early life stages of the boreal digging frog, since they spawn in ponds or puddles that form during the rainy season.

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Effect of gallic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80232-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhay Punia ◽

Nalini Singh Chauhan ◽

Drishtant Singh ◽

Anup Kumar Kesavan ◽

Sanehdeep Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Bracon Hebetor ◽

Total Hemocyte Count ◽

Glutathione S Transferases ◽

Immense Potential

AbstractThe antibiosis effect of gallic acid on Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitoid evaluated by feeding six days old larvae on artificial diet incorporated with different concentrations (5 ppm, 25 ppm, 125 ppm, 625 ppm, 3125 ppm) of the phenolic compound revealed higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid had a negative impact on the survival and physiology of S. litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The mortality of S. litura larvae was increased whereas adult emergence declined with increasing concentration of gallic acid. The developmental period was delayed significantly and all the nutritional indices were reduced significantly with increase in concentration. Higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid adversely affected egg hatching, larval mortality, adult emergence and total development period of B. hebetor. At lower concentration (LC30) the effect on B. hebetor adults and larvae was non-significant with respect to control. Gene expression for the enzymes viz., Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Peroxidase, Esterases and Glutathione S transferases increased while the total hemocyte count of S. litura larvae decreased with treatment. Our findings suggest that gallic acid even at lower concentration (LC30) can impair the growth of S. litura larvae without causing any significant harm to its parasitoid B. hebetor and has immense potential to be used as biopesticides.

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Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Norazila Yusoff ◽

Idris Abd Ghani ◽

Nurul Wahida Othman ◽

Wan Mohd Aizat ◽

Maizom Hassan

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Sublethal Effect ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

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Dependence of egg hatching onWolbachiadensity in a parthenogenetic weevil revealed by antibiotic treatment

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ◽

10.1111/eea.13019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 169 (4) ◽

pp. 384-392

Author(s):

Marcela S. Rodriguero ◽

Alejandra C. Scannapieco ◽

Daniela S. Monti ◽

Lucila Chifflet ◽

Agustín J. Elias‐Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Egg Hatching

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Inhibition of egg hatching with apple wax solvent as a novel method for controlling golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2004.08.010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 483-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Der-Chung Wu ◽

Jih-Zu Yu ◽

Bing-Huei Chen ◽

Chien-Yih Lin ◽

Wen-Hsiung Ko

Keyword(s):

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Apple Snail ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Golden Apple Snail ◽

Novel Method

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Period Protein Is Necessary for Circadian Control of Egg Hatching Behavior in the Silkmoth Antheraea pernyi

Neuron ◽

10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80221-4 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Ivo Sauman ◽

Tony Tsai ◽

Alfred L Roca ◽

Steven M Reppert

Keyword(s):

Egg Hatching ◽

Antheraea Pernyi ◽

Circadian Control

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Eggs viability of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera, Culicidae) under different environmental and storage conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.19815 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 396-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. C. Soares-Pinheiro ◽

W. Dasso-Pinheiro ◽

J. M. Trindade-Bezerra ◽

W. P. Tadei

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Storage Site ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Plastic Bag ◽

The Mean ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Type ◽

Hatching Rates

Abstract The viability of Aedes aegypti eggs was assessed in the Amazon region. The eggs were maintained under different conditions: indoors (insectarium) and outdoors (natural environment), as well as in different storage types (plastic cup, paper envelope, plastic bag) for different days. Egg viability was measured as the mean of hatchings observed from egg-bearing sheets of filter paper immersed in water, using three sheets randomly selected from each storage type and at both sites. There were significant differences in the viability of Ae. aegypti eggs with respect to the location (F=30.40; DF=1; P<0.0001), storage type (F=17.66; DF=2; P<0.0001), and time of storage (F=49.56; DF=9; P<0.0001). The interaction between storage site versus storage type was also significant (F=15.96; DF=2; P<0.0001). A higher hatching mean was observed for the eggs kept in the insectarium than for those outdoors (32.38 versus 7.46). Hatching rates of egg batches stored for 12 to 61 days ranged between 84 and 90%. A reduction was observed between 89 and 118 days, with values of 63 and 48%, respectively. With respect to type of storage, mean egg hatching was higher for the eggs in plastic cups (44.46). It was concluded that the viability of the eggs of Ae. aegypti in the Amazon region remains high up to 4 months, after which it declines drastically, although in this study hatching occurred for up to 8 months in very low percentages.

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Metalloproteases and egg-hatching in Pediculus humanus, the body (clothes) louse of humans (Phthiraptera: Insecta)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182007003587 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V. M. BOWLES ◽

A. R. YOUNG ◽

S. C. BARKER

Keyword(s):

Protease Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Sds Page ◽

Metalloprotease Inhibitors ◽

Egg Shell ◽

Ph Range

SUMMARYTo investigate the biochemical components of egg-hatch in the body louse, Pediculus humanus, egg-shell-washings (ESW) were collected during the first 2 h post-hatching and analysed by gelatin SDS-PAGE. These ESW contained proteases with molecular mass in the range of 25–100 kDa; the most abundant proteases were ~25 kDa. The 3 main regions of protease activity in the one-dimensional gelatin SDS-PAGE gels resolved to at least 23 distinct regions of protease activity when analysed by two-dimensional gelatin SDS-PAGE, with iso-electric points spread over the entire 3 to 10 pH range. Mechanistic characterization indicated that the ESW contained proteases of the metallo-class, inhibited by both 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA. Several protease inhibitors were tested for their ability to inhibit louse egg-hatch in vitro. The metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline and the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin significantly inhibited (P<0·05) louse egg-hatch (100% and 58%, respectively). The presence of metalloproteases at the time of egg-hatch and the inhibition of egg-hatch in P. humanus by metalloprotease inhibitors suggests a crucial role for these proteases in the hatching of this medically important parasite.

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