scholarly journals Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate negative effects of drought stress on Sorghum bicolor yield through improving physiological and biochemical characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813998
Author(s):  
Shirzad Kamali ◽  
Ahmad Mehraban
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

scholarly journals Effects of Nitroxin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under drought stress conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243824
Author(s):  
Shirzad Kamali ◽  
Ahmad Mehraban
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit

The use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems is considered to have the potential to improve plant growth in extreme environments featuring water shortages. However, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria bio-fertilizers have been used in other plants to enhance stress tolerance, little is known about their symbiotic effect on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth under drought stress conditions. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the inoculation of sorghum with Nitroxin and Glomus mosseae and their interaction effects on the agro-physiological characteristics and grain yield of sorghum under drought stress conditions. Nitroxin is a bio-fertilizer that consists of a mixture of Azospirillum and Azotobacter bacteria. The results showed that co-inoculation of sorghum seeds with Nitroxin and AMF improved the chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, soluble proteins, water use efficiency) WUE(, relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N) content in the plant, AMF spore density, proline content, grain yield, panicle length, the number of panicles per plant, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and decreased the electrolyte leakage and water saturation deficit (WSD) in drought stress and non-stress conditions. Under drought stress conditions, there was a 27% increase in grain yield under the synergistic effects of bacteria and fungi compared to the non-application of these microorganisms. The results of this experiment show that Nitroxin and AMF bio-fertilizers can mitigate the negative effects of stress on plants in drought stress conditions by increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins and osmotic regulation and decreasing electrolyte leakage. We found that the combination of bacteria and AMF for sorghum growth and yield increment is a promising method to cope with the stress caused by drought.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Reverse Trend ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Shu ◽  
YaChao Xie ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

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