BACKGROUND
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a global health risk. Adolescents, among other vulnerable groups, are at increased risk of infection due to an identified lack of knowledge and risky sexual behavior. Given the fact that adolescents often use digital media and that serious games are considered to have the potential to change knowledge, attitudes and behavior, serious games represent an opportunity for the prevention of (STIs).
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to describe the current state of evidence related to 1) the effectiveness/impact of serious games and 2) perceptions/game experiences of serious games users targeting sexual health and STI prevention.
METHODS
A systematic review has been conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Studies published from 2009 to 2021 have been included that surveyed the effectiveness of serious games on adolescent sexual health. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and where categorized according to dimensions of effectiveness and gaming experience.
RESULTS
Various dimensions of effectiveness and aspects of gaming experience were investigated within the primary studies. In total, nine dimensions of effectiveness have been observed: Sexual behavior, behavioral intentions, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, self-efficacy and personal limitations, personality traits and future orientation, environmental and individual risk factors, risk perception and risk assessment, as well as normative beliefs and (social) norms. Furthermore, several dimensions related to gaming experience have been investigated in previous studies, which are motivation, acceptance, trustworthiness, comprehensibility, handling and control, perceived effectiveness, as well as satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge has already been comprehensively surveyed and a positive influence of serious games on knowledge about sexual topics is evident. The results clearly show that adolescents’ sexual knowledge was increased by the serious games interventions. However, methodological and content differences in the surveys as well as external conditions make it difficult to draw conclusions about effectiveness related to changes in attitudes and behavior.