Investigations into empty body weight gain, protein, fat and energy deposition as well as into the utilization of metabolizable energy for energy deposition in black and white bulls

Growth and efficiencies of nitrogen and energy utilization for growth by 72 young British Friesian steers (initial live weight (LW) 110 kg) offered a well preserved, formic acid-treated, perennial ryegrass silage with and without supplements of fish meal were examined. Silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50, 100 or 150 g fish meal/kg silage dry matter (DM) and each diet was offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM/kg LW/day. Treatments were imposed over a period of 132 days. Body component weight gains were determined by comparative slaughter.Increasing the level of either feeding or fish meal increased rates of empty body weight gain linearly (P<0·001) and curvilinearly (P<0·05) respectively. Fish-meal supplementation increased rates of ash and crude protein gain (P<0·001) but, in comparison with the curvilinear response to increasing level of feeding (P<0·001), had small linear effects on fat gain (P>0·01). Consequently, in terms of whole body composition, animals given fish meal were leaner than animals offered silage alone. Fish-meal supplementation had no significant effect on the composition of the carcass but increased the concentration of protein in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.The increase in nitrogen intake associated with feeding fish meal resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization as level of fish meal increased. Nitrogen intake required for maintenance was estimated to be 1·054 g/kg LW0·75. In spite of marked differences in the composition of the empty body-weight gain, there was no evidence to support an effect of fish meal on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for growth (kf) which was estimated to be 0·346 on the basis of data scaled by LW0·75. ME intake required for maintenance (MEm) was estimated to be 0·536 and 0·502 MJ/kg LW0·75 for silage alone and the 150 g fish-meal level respectively.

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Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance estimated by regression analysis of body weight gain or metabolizable energy intake in growing pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.17.0898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1397-1406

Author(s):

Hu Liu ◽

Yifan Chen ◽

Zhongchao Li ◽

Yakui Li ◽

Changhua Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Metabolizable Energy Intake

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Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight. 2. Tissue gain

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800014843 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

N. Quiniou ◽

J. Noblet ◽

J.-Y. Dourmad

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Large White ◽

Different Types ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe effect of energy supply on physical composition of body weight gain between 45 and 100 kg was studied in Large White castrated males (cLW), crossbred Pietrain × Large White castrated males (cPPX) and boars (bPPX). The pigs were either given food ad libitum and kept in individual pens in experiment 1, or allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, and 1·00 ad libitum) and kept in metabolism cages in experiment 2. Daily protein supplies were calculated to be the same at the four energy levels within each type of pig and non-limiting for growth. Five additional animals for each type of pig were slaughtered at 45 kg. Daily tissue gain was measured according to the comparative slaughter technique. The daily lean gain increased with metabolizable energy (ME) intake according to a linear-plateau relationship whereas the daily fat gain increased linearly. The type of pig significantly affected the slope of the relationship between lean gain and ME intake (from 15 to 22 g per extra MJ ME) but not the slope of the relationship between fat gain and ME intake (10 g per extra MJ ME on average). Increased energy intake was associated with increased fatness of body-weight gain, which was higher in cLW and cPP× than in bPP×.

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Nutritional value of triticale for different classes of White Leghorn chickens

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960003642x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. S. Zombade ◽

J. S. Chawla ◽

J. S. Ichhponani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Starch Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Food Conversion

SUMMARYThree varieties of triticale (TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319) bred by the Plant Breeding Department of Punjab Agricultural University were studied for nutrient composition and metabolizable energy (ME) content for egg-type chicks. A feeding trial was also conducted to study the suitability of triticale as a replacement for maize in conventional high- and low-cereal diets for different classes of egg-type chickens.The crude protein contents of TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319 were respectively 13·4,14·4 and 2·1%. Corresponding values for starch content were 51·5, 49·2 and 54·3%, respectively. ME in triticale varieties closely followed the trend of starch content. Accordingly TL-319 was higher in ME (13·58 MJ/kg D.M.) than TL-238 and TL-257 (12·91 and 12·49 MJ/kg D.M. respectively). There were no significant differences in body-weight gain or in food conversion of chicks fed diets containing different varieties of triticale. The substitution of triticale for maize in a conventional high-cereal diet improved growth and food conversion of starter chicks. In a low-cereal diet, however, triticale had an adverse effect on the growth rate and food conversion of starter chicks. At the end of 18 weeks of age, the differences in body-weight gain, food conversion and efficiency of protein utilization by chicks on all the treatments were not significantly different (P > 0·05). Results of the production phase showed that egg production, egg mass, food conversion and energetic efficiency were significantly (P < 0·05) improved by feeding triticale.

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Utilization of salts of volatile fatty acids by growing sheep

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19700071 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 695-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. A. Poole ◽

D. M. Allen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Lower Molar

1. An experiment is reported in which groups of six lambs were fed two basal diets supplemented at three levels with a mixture of sodium and calcium acetates.2. The basal diets were given in amounts that provided equal intakes of digestible organic matter and crude protein. One contained 85 % of concentrates (Hc), the other 40% of concentrates (Lc). Rumen contents from a sheep receiving diet Hc contained a lower molar proportion of acetate and higher proportions of propionate and butyrate than when diet Lc was given.3. The calculated metabolizable energy of the basal Hc diet was utilized more efficiently than that of the basal Lc diet, for promoting empty body-weight and carcass-weight gains.4. On both basal diets, lambs receiving the diets supplemented with acetate made greater live-weight, empty body-weight and carcass-weight gains than lambs given unsupplemented diets. The responses of weight gain to increasing levels of acetate were linear.5. The responses to acetate were greater when it was given with the Hc diet than with the Lc diet. This effect was most marked for live-weight gain (P < 0.001), intermediate for empty body-weight gain (P < 0.05), but not significant for carcass-weight gain. This order of effects was in part due to a greater weight of alimentary tract tissue, and its contents, in lambs fed the Hc diet supplemented with acetate.6. It is concluded that under certain circumstances the energy of acetate may be utilized less efficiently than energy from propionate or butyrate.

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148 Residual feed intake and body weight gain relate to feeding behavior in Nellore bulls: Implications for performance and maintenance requirements

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 149-150

Author(s):

Ana Clara B Menezes ◽

Sebastião Valadares Filho ◽

Pedro Benedetti ◽

Marcos Pacheco ◽

Pauliane Pucetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Maintenance Requirements

Abstract This study determined feed intake behavior, performance, feed efficiency, and maintenance requirements of bulls with high and low residual feed intake and body weight gain. Data were collected from 42 weaned Nellore bulls (initial BW 260 ± 8.1 kg; age 7 ± 1.0 mo) housed in a feedlot in a group pen that contained electronic feeders. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily and body weight (BW) was measured every 28 d over a 140-day period. Indexes of average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated. Residual feed intake and gain (RFIG) was calculated according to previously published equations. Frequency of meals, duration per visit, and time spent feeding per day were recorded as feeding behavior measures. Maintenance requirements were calculated according to the BR-CORTE system. High RFIG bulls had lower DMI (P < 0.01), lower final BW (P < 0.01), and were more feed efficient (P < 0.01) than low RFIG bulls, but both groups had similar ADG (P = 0.55). No differences in feeding behavior were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The net energy requirements for maintenance, metabolizable energy for maintenance, and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization were 76.5, 122.68 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.4%, respectively for high RFIG bulls, and 89.2, 143.76 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.0% for low RFIG bulls. This study reveals that low RFIG bulls are less feed efficient and have greater maintenance requirements than high RFIG bulls (0.16 ± 0.006 and 0.18 ± 0.006, respectively). As low RFIG eat more, and in beef cattle, feeding behavior is associated with methane emissions, we suggest further research evaluating this relationship be conducted. In addition, selection for high RFIG cattle would improve feed efficiency, reduce production costs, and could potentially reduce methane emissions.

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Sexual dimorphism and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of growth hormone gene in muscovy duck

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.42.3.167-174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Ismoyowati ◽

E. Tugiyanti ◽

M. Mufti ◽

D. Purwantini

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Muscovy Duck ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Black And White ◽

Gh Gene ◽

Muscovy Ducks

This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.

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Feeding strategy during pregnancy for ewes with a large litter size. 1. Effect of quantity and composition of concentrates on intake and reproductive performance.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16576 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3B) ◽

pp. 527-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Everts

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Litter Size ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Large Litter

In 6 trials, 40 Ile de France X Finnish Landrace ewes 2 to 8 years old were given during pregnancy diets containing 40% energy from concentrates and crude protein (CP) 196 or 91 g/kg or 60% energy from concentrates and CP 189 or 240 g/kg. Mean litter size was 3.26. The sum of the birth weights of lambs was affected by the treatment where a higher protein concentration was combined with a lower degradability of the protein. Net body weight gain was affected by litter size, ketosis and treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was lower than expected. Treatments with 60% of energy from concentrates showed a higher ME intake than treatments with 40% of energy originating from concentrates. CP intake was higher where a higher protein level was combined with a lower degradability. DM intake in the last 2 months of pregnancy was affected by litter size, age of the ewes, ketosis and feeding treatment. DM intake decreased in the last weeks of pregnancy and was related to litter size, The possible reasons for this effect are discussed. Substitution rates of concentrates to forage depended also on the litter size. The effect of the ketosis on the intake pattern is described. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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