scholarly journals Efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for body weight gain in pasture-based, nonlactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 4639-4648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Mandok ◽  
J.K. Kay ◽  
S.L. Greenwood ◽  
J.P. McNamara ◽  
M. Crookenden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage offered to young steers: Effects on growth, body composition and nutrient efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANDERSON ◽  
M. S. DHANOA ◽  
C. THOMAS ◽  
A. B. McALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

Growth and efficiencies of nitrogen and energy utilization for growth by 72 young British Friesian steers (initial live weight (LW) 110 kg) offered a well preserved, formic acid-treated, perennial ryegrass silage with and without supplements of fish meal were examined. Silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50, 100 or 150 g fish meal/kg silage dry matter (DM) and each diet was offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM/kg LW/day. Treatments were imposed over a period of 132 days. Body component weight gains were determined by comparative slaughter.Increasing the level of either feeding or fish meal increased rates of empty body weight gain linearly (P<0·001) and curvilinearly (P<0·05) respectively. Fish-meal supplementation increased rates of ash and crude protein gain (P<0·001) but, in comparison with the curvilinear response to increasing level of feeding (P<0·001), had small linear effects on fat gain (P>0·01). Consequently, in terms of whole body composition, animals given fish meal were leaner than animals offered silage alone. Fish-meal supplementation had no significant effect on the composition of the carcass but increased the concentration of protein in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.The increase in nitrogen intake associated with feeding fish meal resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization as level of fish meal increased. Nitrogen intake required for maintenance was estimated to be 1·054 g/kg LW0·75. In spite of marked differences in the composition of the empty body-weight gain, there was no evidence to support an effect of fish meal on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for growth (kf) which was estimated to be 0·346 on the basis of data scaled by LW0·75. ME intake required for maintenance (MEm) was estimated to be 0·536 and 0·502 MJ/kg LW0·75 for silage alone and the 150 g fish-meal level respectively.

Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight. 2. Tissue gain

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quiniou ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J.-Y. Dourmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe effect of energy supply on physical composition of body weight gain between 45 and 100 kg was studied in Large White castrated males (cLW), crossbred Pietrain × Large White castrated males (cPPX) and boars (bPPX). The pigs were either given food ad libitum and kept in individual pens in experiment 1, or allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, and 1·00 ad libitum) and kept in metabolism cages in experiment 2. Daily protein supplies were calculated to be the same at the four energy levels within each type of pig and non-limiting for growth. Five additional animals for each type of pig were slaughtered at 45 kg. Daily tissue gain was measured according to the comparative slaughter technique. The daily lean gain increased with metabolizable energy (ME) intake according to a linear-plateau relationship whereas the daily fat gain increased linearly. The type of pig significantly affected the slope of the relationship between lean gain and ME intake (from 15 to 22 g per extra MJ ME) but not the slope of the relationship between fat gain and ME intake (10 g per extra MJ ME on average). Increased energy intake was associated with increased fatness of body-weight gain, which was higher in cLW and cPP× than in bPP×.

Nutritional value of triticale for different classes of White Leghorn chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Zombade ◽  
J. S. Chawla ◽  
J. S. Ichhponani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Food Conversion

SUMMARYThree varieties of triticale (TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319) bred by the Plant Breeding Department of Punjab Agricultural University were studied for nutrient composition and metabolizable energy (ME) content for egg-type chicks. A feeding trial was also conducted to study the suitability of triticale as a replacement for maize in conventional high- and low-cereal diets for different classes of egg-type chickens.The crude protein contents of TL-238, TL-257 and TL-319 were respectively 13·4,14·4 and 2·1%. Corresponding values for starch content were 51·5, 49·2 and 54·3%, respectively. ME in triticale varieties closely followed the trend of starch content. Accordingly TL-319 was higher in ME (13·58 MJ/kg D.M.) than TL-238 and TL-257 (12·91 and 12·49 MJ/kg D.M. respectively). There were no significant differences in body-weight gain or in food conversion of chicks fed diets containing different varieties of triticale. The substitution of triticale for maize in a conventional high-cereal diet improved growth and food conversion of starter chicks. In a low-cereal diet, however, triticale had an adverse effect on the growth rate and food conversion of starter chicks. At the end of 18 weeks of age, the differences in body-weight gain, food conversion and efficiency of protein utilization by chicks on all the treatments were not significantly different (P > 0·05). Results of the production phase showed that egg production, egg mass, food conversion and energetic efficiency were significantly (P < 0·05) improved by feeding triticale.

scholarly journals Utilization of salts of volatile fatty acids by growing sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Poole ◽  
D. M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Lower Molar

1. An experiment is reported in which groups of six lambs were fed two basal diets supplemented at three levels with a mixture of sodium and calcium acetates.2. The basal diets were given in amounts that provided equal intakes of digestible organic matter and crude protein. One contained 85 % of concentrates (Hc), the other 40% of concentrates (Lc). Rumen contents from a sheep receiving diet Hc contained a lower molar proportion of acetate and higher proportions of propionate and butyrate than when diet Lc was given.3. The calculated metabolizable energy of the basal Hc diet was utilized more efficiently than that of the basal Lc diet, for promoting empty body-weight and carcass-weight gains.4. On both basal diets, lambs receiving the diets supplemented with acetate made greater live-weight, empty body-weight and carcass-weight gains than lambs given unsupplemented diets. The responses of weight gain to increasing levels of acetate were linear.5. The responses to acetate were greater when it was given with the Hc diet than with the Lc diet. This effect was most marked for live-weight gain (P < 0.001), intermediate for empty body-weight gain (P < 0.05), but not significant for carcass-weight gain. This order of effects was in part due to a greater weight of alimentary tract tissue, and its contents, in lambs fed the Hc diet supplemented with acetate.6. It is concluded that under certain circumstances the energy of acetate may be utilized less efficiently than energy from propionate or butyrate.

scholarly journals An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (34) ◽  
pp. 10663-10668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Hristov ◽  
Joonpyo Oh ◽  
Fabio Giallongo ◽  
Tyler W. Frederick ◽  
Michael T. Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane

A quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States are from enteric fermentation, primarily from ruminant livestock. This study was undertaken to test the effect of a methane inhibitor, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP), on enteric methane emission in lactating Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted using 48 cows in a randomized block design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 12-wk data collection period. Feed intake, milk production, and fiber digestibility were not affected by the inhibitor. Milk protein and lactose yields were increased by 3NOP. Rumen methane emission was linearly decreased by 3NOP, averaging about 30% lower than the control. Methane emission per unit of feed dry matter intake or per unit of energy-corrected milk were also about 30% less for the 3NOP-treated cows. On average, the body weight gain of 3NOP-treated cows was 80% greater than control cows during the 12-wk experiment. The experiment demonstrated that the methane inhibitor 3NOP, applied at 40 to 80 mg/kg feed dry matter, decreased methane emissions from high-producing dairy cows by 30% and increased body weight gain without negatively affecting feed intake or milk production and composition. The inhibitory effect persisted over 12 wk of treatment, thus offering an effective methane mitigation practice for the livestock industries.

Effects of triticale (cv. Beaguelita) and barley-based concentrates on feed intake and milk yield by dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Triticale (cv. Beaguelita) was compared with barley in concentrate mixes for lactating Holstein cows. Grains in the concentrate mixes were 100% barley (B), 57% barley and 43% triticale (BT) or 14% barley and 86% triticale (T). Alfalfa silage (15% crude protein (CP), 62.2% dry matter (DM) digestibility) was fed ad libitum and the concentrates were fed twice daily at 1 kg per 2.75 kg milk produced. Twenty-one lactating cows were allocated to the three diets for an 11-wk trial with three repeated measures of responses (periods). There were no linear or quadratic effects due to dietary treatments (P > 0.05) on mean dry matter consumption of concentrate and alfalfa silage by cows fed the three diets, with average daily intake of concentrate and forage (kg d−1), respectively being: B, 8.2 and 13.3; BT, 8.8 and 12.2; T, 8.3 and 12.2. Replacing barley with triticale also was not related to 4% fat-corrected milk yield (kg d−1) (P > 0.05) which was 23.6, 26.6 and 24.7 for diets B, BT and T, respectively. Similarly the fat, protein and lactose contents of the milk were not related to the proportions of barley and triticale in the diets. There was a linear reduction in body weight gain as triticale levels increased in the diets (P < 0.05). Rumen fluid pH and ammonia concentration were not affected by triticale levels in the diets. However, the molar concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate tended to increase linearly (P < 0.10) with triticale levels. The rates of disappearance of DM and CP of barley were faster than for triticale from nylon bags incubated in situ in the rumen but the solubilities of DM and CP at zero time of triticale were greater (P < 0.01). Concentrate mixes BT and T containing triticale were readily accepted by dairy cows and supported milk yields similar to one based on barley. However, body weight gain was reduced in cows fed triticale indicating that more of the productive energy was expressed in milk production. Key words: Triticale, barley, lactation

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