Effects of niacin supplementation and dietary concentrate proportion on body temperature, ruminal pH and milk performance of primiparous dairy cows

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

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Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 3. Mitteilung: Beziehungen der Energie- und Eiweißversorgung zur lysosomalen Enzymaktivität im Blutplasma beim Milchrind

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-43-17-2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

L. Panicke ◽

J. Weingärtner ◽

M. Schmidt ◽

T. Król

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Food Intake ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Lysosomal Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Food Ration ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between lysosomal blood activity and milk content» of urea and protein in different phases of milk production in dairy cows Relationship of lysosomal enzyme activities in blood and supply of energy and protein in dairy cattle were investigated. Closed correlation coefficients were calculated for lysosomal enzyme activity and content of protein and urea in milk. Especially a high or a low content of protein in the food ration affects the lysosomal enzyme activities considerably. A different lysosomal response to equal food supply was gained after deviding the cow stock into different groups regarding performance at a different lactation status. Growth, breed, age, capacity of food intake and milk performance might be influencing factors.

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Rumen digesta and products of fermentation in cows fed varying proportions of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) with fresh pasture or silage or straw

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 524 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Pacheco ◽

S. Muetzel ◽

S. Lewis ◽

D. Dalley ◽

M. Bryant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Animal Health ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Pastoral Systems ◽

Fodder Beet ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

High Yields

Context Fodder beet (FB) is a popular feed for dairy cows in temperate climates due to its high yields, high digestibility, low nitrogen (N) content in the dry matter (DM) and convenience of feeding (grazing in situ). However, the risk of ruminal acidosis requires research to design feeding regimes that capture these benefits without compromising animal health. Aims To understand aspects of rumen function when FB is offered in conditions representative of practical feeding in temperate pastoral systems. Methods Two indoor experiments were undertaken; one with cows in late lactation fed fresh perennial ryegrass with three proportions of FB (0, 0.23 and 0.45) and another with non-lactating cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB or barley straw with 0.86 FB. Measurements included rumen pH, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia concentrations determined at 2-h intervals, as well as daily individual cow intakes, estimates of microbial growth and rumen dynamics. Key results The inclusion of 0, 0.23 and 0.45 FB with fresh pasture in the did not affect daily DM intakes (~14.6 kg), milk yield (~10.7 kg), microbial synthesis (129 g of N/d) or fractional outflow rates of digesta (0.16/h; 11.2 L/h) of lactating cows. The non-lactating cow ration comprising 0.86 FB with straw was inappropriate and resulted in low intakes and insufficient dietary N. Microbial growth was approximately one-third of that in cows fed pasture silage with 0.65 FB. The ruminal pH reached lower values in all treatments where FB was offered. Rumen ammonia concentrations averaged 4.4 mmol/L in cows fed pasture but was sometimes undetectable in lactating cows fed 0.45 FB and in non-lactating cows. The amount of FB in the diet affected the extent of the circadian changes in molar proportions of SCFA. Conclusions Based on the results presented here, feeding fresh FB to dairy cows should not exceed ~0.4 of their DMI with pasture (late lactation), or ~0.6 of their intake with silage (non-lactating). Implications These findings could support evidence-based recommendations for FB use, considering its effects on aspects of rumen function, such as microbial protein synthesis and pH.

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Effects of live yeast on the rumen fermentation parameters and milk performance of Simmental dairy cows during the hot season

TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/vet-1912-103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 249-257

Author(s):

Habip MURUZ ◽

Mehmet GÜL

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Hot Season ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Live Yeast

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Influence of a feed additive containing vitamin B12 and yeast extract on milk production and body temperature of grazing dairy cows under high temperature-humidity index environment

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 28-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jefferson R. Gandra ◽

Caio S. Takiya ◽

Tiago A. Del Valle ◽

Natyaro D. Orbach ◽

Igor R. Ferraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Temperature Humidity Index ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows

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Effects of copper sulphate and coated copper sulphate addition on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in dairy cows

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520002986 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

C. Wang ◽

L. Han ◽

G. W. Zhang ◽

H. S. Du ◽

Z. Z. Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Copper Sulphate ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Nutrient Digestion ◽

Milk Performance

Abstract Coated copper sulphate (CCS) could be used as a Cu supplement in cows. To investigate the influences of copper sulphate (CS) and CCS on milk performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation, fifty Holstein dairy cows were arranged in a randomised block design to five groups: control, CS addition (7·5 mg Cu/kg DM from CS) or CCS addition (5, 7·5 and 10 mg Cu/kg DM from CCS, respectively). When comparing Cu source at equal inclusion rates (7·5 mg/kg DM), cows receiving CCS addition had higher yields of fat-corrected milk, milk fat and protein; digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF); ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration; activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase; populations of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes; and liver Cu content than cows receiving CS addition. Increasing CCS addition, DM intake was unchanged, yields of milk, milk fat and protein; feed efficiency; digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and acid-detergent fibre; ruminal total VFA concentration; acetate:propionate ratio; activity of cellulolytic enzyme; populations of total bacteria, protozoa and dominant cellulolytic bacteria; and concentrations of Cu in serum and liver increased linearly, but ruminal propionate percentage, ammonia-N concentration, α-amylase activity and populations of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus decreased linearly. The results indicated that supplement of CS could be substituted with CCS and addition of CCS improved milk performance and nutrient digestion in dairy cows.

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Effect of different sources of supplemental protein on performance and on ruminal pH and NNH3of Holstein dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200029926 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 153-153

Author(s):

H Gholizadeh ◽

A Naserian ◽

R Valizadeh ◽

A Tahmasebi ◽

M Sari

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminant Animals ◽

Supplemental Protein ◽

Different Sources ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Pistachio hull (PH) is the main pistachio by-product produced from the pistachio dehulling process. The product consists of 12.7, 5.7, 16.6, 25, and 20% ash, EE, CP, NDF, and ADF, respectively and can be used as a feedstuff for ruminant animals. It is a mount of energy, fibre and potassium (Naserian and Vahmani, 2005). Because its constitutive tannin content can bind protein and cellulose, it was hypothesized that PH tannin can decrease the digestibility of protein. There is no clear consensus amongst researchers on the effect of dried pistachio by product on milk yield, milk composition, rumen fluid pH and N-NH3concenteration. The main objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of different sources of supplemental protein with dried pistachio by product on milk yield, milk composition rumen fluid pH and N-NH3concenteration of dairy cows.

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