Associations Between Spirituality, Meaning in Life, and Depressive Disorders Among a Sample of Individuals in Treatment for Substance-Use Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gail Horton ◽  
Naelys Luna ◽  
Tammy Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals The influence of the comorbidity between depression and alcohol use disorder on suicidal behaviors in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mendonça Coêlho ◽  
Laura Helena Andrade ◽  
Francisco Bevilacqua Guarniero ◽  
Yuan-Pang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a community sample the association of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors ("thoughts of death", "desire for death", "suicidal thoughts", and "suicidal attempts") with the comorbidity of depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) and alcohol or substance use disorders. METHOD: The sample was 1464 subjects interviewed in their homes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to generate DSM-III-R diagnosis. Descriptive statistics depicted the prevalence of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors by socio-demographic variables and diagnoses considered (major depressive episode, dysthymia, alcohol or substance use disorders). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of comorbid major depressive episode/dysthymia and alcohol or substance use disorders on each of the suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. RESULTS: The presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia was significantly associated with suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. In the regression models, suicide-related cognitions and behaviors were predicted by major depressive episode (OR = range 2.3-9.2) and dysthymia (OR = range 5.1-32.6), even in the presence of alcohol use disorders (OR = range 2.3-4.0) or alcohol or substance use disorders (OR = range 2.7-2.8). The interaction effect was observed between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorders, as well as between dysthymia and gender. Substance use disorders were excluded from most of the models. CONCLUSION: Presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia influences suicide-related cognitions and behaviors, independently of the presence of alcohol or substance use disorders. However, alcohol use disorders and gender interact with depressive disorders, displaying a differential effect on suicide-related cognitions and behaviors.

scholarly journals Plasma concentrations of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in Patients with Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Torres Galván ◽  
María Flóres López ◽  
Pablo Romero Sanchíz ◽  
Nerea Requena Ocaña ◽  
Oscar Porras Perales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Aims: Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest due to its role to cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We analyzed the circulating expression of G-CSF in abstinent chronic users of alcohol and/or cocaine with or without comorbid major depressive disorders to investigate the role of this trophic factor with complicated substance use disorders.Methods: We recruited 176 patients and 136 controls. Patients were divided in 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 126 abstinent substance use disorders (SUD) patients undergoing treatments for alcohol (N=66) or cocaine (N=60) addiction according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A blood sample was collected to examine plasma concentrations of G-CSF.Results: The plasma concentrations of G-CSF were significantly decreased in the cocaine group compared with the SUD control group. There was a sex dimorphism in the alcohol group, with lower G-CSF concentrations in women compared with men. Plasma concentrations of G-CSF were associated with abstinence and with the length of alcohol problems. The decrease in G-CSF was associated with comorbid MDD, a finding specific for SUD patients since there were no alterations of G-CSF primary settings MDD outpatients.Conclusions: Circulating G-CSF is reduced in SUD patients, being associated to comorbid MDD. A sex-dependent effect was observed in female AUD. Plasma G-CSF concentrations might be used as a predictor of length of chronic alcohol use and as a stratification role in the dual diagnosis in SUD. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of G-CSF as potential biomarker of pathogenic/prognosis in SUD population.

scholarly journals Exploring Relationships between Adult Attachment, Spirituality and Personality Disorder Traits among Individuals in In-patient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Gail Horton ◽  
Nealys Luna ◽  
Tammy Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

<p>Both secure attachment style and higher levels of spirituality have been shown to be protective factors in the treatment of substance use disorders. However, very little is known about how either of these factors is related to personality disorder (PD) traits that are commonly co-morbid with substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the relative importance of spirituality (existential purpose/meaning in life and religious well-being) and attachment dimensions (attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) as predictors of personality disorder trait levels among individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorders. Results showed that existential purpose and meaning in life was the best predictor of clinical/subclinical levels of borderline and antisocial PD traits and that attachment anxiety was the best predictor of clinical/subclinical levels of avoidant and dependent PD traits. None of the other PD traits was significantly associated with either attachment dimensions or spirituality dimensions.</p>

scholarly journals O8.6. RISK OF HOMELESSNESS AFTER DISCHARGE FROM PSYCHIATRIC WARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
Sandra Nilsson ◽  
Thomas Munk Laursen ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj ◽  
Merete Nordentoft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Homelessness is an increasing societal problem in most high-income countries and often linked to mental illness and substance use disorders. However, there are few high-quality studies examining the risk of homelessness following discharge from in-patient psychiatric treatment. such information might be used as documentation for the need of structural changes to prevent homelessness in people with severe mental illness. We aimed to analyse the absolute and relative risk of homelessness following discharge from psychiatric wards in Denmark in the period from 2001 to 2015 and to identify high-risk diagnostic groups. Methods We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study including people aged 18+ years discharged from psychiatric wards in Denmark between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2015. We analysed associations between psychiatric diagnoses and the risk of homelessness using survival analysis. Results A total of 126,848 psychiatric in-patients were included accounting for 94,835 person-years. The incidence of homelessness one year following discharge was 28.18 (95% CI 26.69–29.75) and 9.27 (95% CI 8.45–10.16) per 1000 person-years at risk in men and women, respectively. The one-year cumulative probability of first homelessness after discharge from psychiatric wards with a schizophrenia disorder was 1.54% (95% CI 1.25–1.88) in males and 0.60% (95% CI 0.40–0.87) in females. Substance use disorders increased the risk of homelessness after discharge with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 6.60 (95% CI 5.19–8.40) (men) and 13.06 (95% CI 9.31–18.33) (women), compared with depressive disorders. Schizophrenia increased the risk of homelessness after discharge by 1.91 (95% CI 1.29–2.83) and by 2.53 (95% CI 1.41–4.54) in men and women, respectively, also compared with depressive disorders. Prior history of homelessness was an important predictor for homelessness following discharge. Discussion The first year following discharge from psychiatric wards is a high-risk period of homelessness, especially when having a substance use disorder or a prior history of homeless shelter contact. Schizophrenia was also an important predictor of homelessness. Improved efforts to prevent homelessness are needed.

Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depression with Substance Use Disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Stewart ◽  
Valerie V. Grant ◽  
Clare J. Mackie ◽  
Patricia J. Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Drug Use Disorders

The comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) with anxiety and depression is the focus of substantial research attention and approached from myriad perspectives. This chapter focuses on the resultant complex research literature, first providing an overview of epidemiologic studies that have examined the prevalence of co-occurrence of SUDs (including alcohol and other drug use disorders) with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as clinical correlates of these forms of comorbidity. Next, theoretical models of the onset and maintenance of emotional disorder–SUD comorbidity are considered, followed by a review of various types of studies evaluating these theoretical models (studies focusing on order-of-onset, the independent versus substance-induced disorder distinction, self-reported motives for use, genetic epidemiology, and experimental studies). Distinctions and commonalities between anxiety–SUD associations and depression–SUD associations are examined throughout. The chapter concludes by examining treatment implications of this comorbidity and suggests future directions for this burgeoning field.

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