scholarly journals Carbon dioxide: making the right connection

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Winton Gibbs ◽  
Ross Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
1987 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
JAMES W. HICKS ◽  
ATSUSHI ISHIMATSU ◽  
NORBERT HEISLER

Oxygen and carbon dioxide dissociation curves were constructed for the blood of the Nile monitor lizard, Varanus niloticus, acclimated for 12h at 25 and 35°C. The oxygen affinity of Varanus blood was low when Pco2 w a s in the range of in vivo values (25°C: P50 = 34.3 at PCOCO2 = 21 mmHg; 35°C: P50 = 46.2 mmHg at PCOCO2 = 35 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), and the oxygen dissociation curves were highly sigmoidal (Hill's n = 2.97 at 25°C and 3.40 at 35°C). The position of the O2 curves was relatively insensitive to temperature change with an apparent enthalpy of oxygenation (ΔH) of −9.2kJ mol−1. The carbon dioxide dissociation curves were shifted to the right with increasing temperature by decreasing total CCOCO2 at fixed PCOCO2, whereas the state of oxygenation had little effect on total blood CO2 content. The in vitro buffer value of true plasma (Δ[HCO3−]pl/-ΔpHpl) rose from 12.0 mequiv pH−1−1 at 25°C to 17.5 mequiv pH−11−1 at 35°C, reflecting a reversible increase of about 30% in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit levels during resting conditions in vivo.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Marat K. Khasanov ◽  
Nail G. Musakaev ◽  
Maxim V. Stolpovsky ◽  
Svetlana R. Kildibaeva

The article describes a mathematical model of pumping of heated liquid carbon dioxide into a reservoir of finite extent, the pores of which in the initial state contain methane and methane gas hydrate. This model takes into account the existence in the reservoir of three characteristic regions. We call the first region “near”, the second “intermediate”, and the third “far”. According to the problem statement, the first region contains liquid CO2 and hydrate, the second region is saturated with methane and water, the third contains methane and hydrate. The main features of mathematical models that provide a consistent description of the considered processes are investigated. It was found that at sufficiently high injection pressures and low pressures at the right reservoir boundary, the boundary of carbon dioxide hydrate formation can come up with the boundary of methane gas hydrate decomposition. It is also shown that at sufficiently low values of pressure of injection of carbon dioxide and pressure at the right boundary of the reservoir, the pressure at the boundary of hydrate formation of carbon dioxide drops below the boiling pressure of carbon dioxide. In this case, for a consistent description of the considered processes, it is necessary to correct the mathematical model in order to take into account the boiling of carbon dioxide. Maps of possible solutions have been built, which show in what ranges of parameters one or another mathematical model is consistent.


1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Oppenheimer ◽  
T. M. Durant ◽  
H. M. Stauffer ◽  
G. H. Stewart ◽  
P. R. Lynch ◽  
...  

Carbon dioxide gas was injected a) intravenously, b) into the left heart, c) into the peripheral end of the carotid artery. Resulting cardiovascular and respiratory changes were observed by cinefluorography and by measurements of pressure pulses in various locations. Blood and respiratory gas changes were also observed. All changes were minimal (seconds duration) when the gas was introduced on the right or left side of the circulation. Injection into the peripheral carotid produced no untoward effects. The gas gave good visualization of valves and great vessels. Body position was not an important factor in mortality and morbidity when carbon dioxide was the gas used for contrast visualization by a cinefluorography x-ray technique. Carbon dioxide is a safe contrast medium to use for in vivo study of intracardiac structures. The gas has been used successfully by intravenous injection in human cases.


2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1727-1730
Author(s):  
Wei Lv

The carbon tax is levied on carbon dioxide emissions, its main role is to inhibit the use of fossil energy companies are. In this thesis, a carbon tax model, and the model of the simulation study, the researchers showed that a carbon tax can give companies the right to choose freely choose the way to cut emissions of carbon tax system. Such a system would encourage enterprises to adopt minimum cost level of output to produce.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Shu Wang ◽  
Peng Shi

Humans has experienced energy transitions throughout its history and the current transition from fossil energy to renewable energy is the latest example. But this latest example is different: rather than resulting from scarcity, this energy transition results from the threat of global warming—which is generally attributed to the short-term increasing of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere but also to the long-term heat threat posed by a warming Sun, according to the Gaia theory. Perspective appreciation of the nature of this combination necessitates for us to take a systems-thinking about the Earth system as a whole rather than the standard narrative of technical solution to our problem (of how to convert a small part of the abundant solar energy [including wind energy] into useful energy). Only by framing the energy transition as a part of dealing with the existential threat of global warming as heat threat, we are capturing the right perspective. Rather than any shortfall of energy—increasing carbon dioxide, heat threat, and collapse of Earth’s ecosystems are the real threats. Cognizant of these is the beginning for humans to seize solutions to deal with the threats before it is too late.


1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. M. ABDEL MAGID ◽  
Z. VOKAC ◽  
NASR EL DIN AHMED

1. The respiratory function of the swim-bladders of Polypterus senegalus was investigated. Experiments were carried out in tap water with an oxygen tension of about 140 mm. Hg. 2. Both swim-bladders were cannulated through the body-walls of the unrestricted fish. Gas samples were analysed for their oxygen and carbon dioxide content before and after the fish visited the surface. 3. A sharp increase in oxygen and a decrease in carbon dioxide tension was always observed after inhalation. This proves that atmospheric air is actually inspired into the bladders. 4. After inspiration, the amount of oxygen in the bladders decreased rapidly. This shows that oxygen is taken up by the blood, even when the oxygen content of the water is normal. 5. Inspiration of air is preceded by expiration which, on the average, reduces the volume of the bladders to about 40%. 6. The uneven distribution of inhaled air in the right bladder is shown to be due to anatomical configuration.


1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzat M. Saleh

AbstractA retrospective study of the complications of treatment with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser of 17 patients diagnosed to be suffering from recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is presented. No immediate complications occurred except one case of laryngospasm and failure to intubate during anaesthesia leading to hypoxic encephalopathy. Three patients were completely free from disease and complications. Another patient was free from laryngeal lesions but developed a papilloma in the right tonsillar pillar. Five other patients showed one or more multiple sites of involvement in addition to the larynx. Laryngeal scarring developed in ten patients. Six patients (35.29 percent) developed scarring as anterior glottic webs while in two scarring (11.7 percent) occurred as posterior glottic webs. One developed scarring in the supraglottic region. The remaining one had scarring in both the glottic and supraglottic regions. One patient developed tracheal scarring necessitating laryngo-tracheal separation. Two patients were psychologically disturbed during treatment requiring psychiatric consultation and therapy.


Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance G Cooper ◽  
Christine Lam ◽  
Vanessa Turoscy

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia is catalyzed byurea carboxylase and albphanate hydrolase. The loci coding for these enzymes (dur1 and dur2) are very tightly linked an the right arm of chromosome II between pet11 and met8. Pleiotropic mutations that fail to complement mutations in either of the dur loci were found to be predominantly located in or near the dur2 locus. We interpret these data as suggesting that the two dur loci might in reality be domains of a single gene that codes fora multifunctional polypeptide. In view OIthis conclusion, we have renamed the dur loci as the durl,2 locus.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Galán-Martín ◽  
Daniel Vázquez ◽  
Selene Cobo ◽  
Niall Mac Dowell ◽  
José Caballero ◽  
...  

Abstract Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will be essential to meet the climate targets, so enabling its deployment at the right time will be decisive. Here, we investigate the still poorly understood implications of delaying CDR actions, focusing on integrating direct air capture and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (DACCS and BECCS) into the European Union power mix. Under an indicative target of − 50 Gt of net CO2 by 2100, delayed CDR would cost an extra of 0.12 − 0.19 trillion EUR per year of inaction. Moreover, postponing CDR beyond mid-century would substantially reduce the removal potential to almost half (− 35.60 Gt CO2) due to the underused biomass and land resources and the maximum technology diffusion speed. The effective design of BECCS and DACCS systems calls for long-term planning starting from now and aligned with the evolving power systems. Our quantitative analysis of the consequences of inaction on CDR —with climate targets at risk and fair CDR contributions at stake —should help to break the current impasse and incentivize early actions worldwide.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document