Antimalarial and Antioxidant Activities of Isoprenylated Coumarins from the Stem Bark ofMesua borneensisL.

Summary Cussonia barteri Seem (Araliaceae) is a deciduous tree growing in savannah of Africa. Ethnomedicinally, it is used in Africa as an analgesic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-anaemic, anti-diarhoea, anti-poison, ani-pyschotic and anti-epileptic agent. This review provides a brief summary on the phytochemical screenings, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological applications of various parts of C. barteri. Leaves, stem bark and seed of C. barteri have been shown to be rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenols, sugars and alkaloids. Some of these constituents have been isolated and elucidated from C. barteri. Several compounds isolated from plant include triterpenes, saponins, polyenyne and quinic esters. Phytochemical constituents are also partly responsible for biological activities of C. barteri. Extracts and components isolated from the plant have demonstrated neuropharmacological, anti-larvicidal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Overall, the insights provided by this review reinforce the potential of C. barteri for drug development and create the need for further scientific probe of constituents of the plant with the aim of developing novel drug candidates.

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Phytochemical, cytotoxicity and antioxidant studies on the stem bark of Piper arborescens

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 840-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicholas Anak Daniel ◽

Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad ◽

Zaini Assim ◽

Chua Hun Pin

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

High Cytotoxicity

Phytochemical study on the stem bark of P. arborescens has isolated six secondary metabolites from the crude extracts by using column chromatography, while identification was performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were identified as caryophyllene oxide (1), α-bisabolol (2), benzamide 2-(methylamino) (3), 2-ethylpiperidine (4), piperine (5) and methyl eugenol (6). Toxicity test on the four crude extracts of P. arborescens shows a high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina brine shrimp with LC50 values ranging from 13.12 to 58.70 µg/mL. Greater cytotoxicity of the crude extracts of P. arborescens indicated the presence of potent cytotoxic components in this Piper spp. Antioxidant assay of P. arborescens against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicated moderate antioxidant activities of methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane crude extracts with EC50 values of 21.68, 23.82, 32.88 and 36.88 µg/mL, respectively.

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In vivo and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Ethanol Stem Bark Extracts of Vitex doniana on Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2021/v8i230178 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-55

Author(s):

Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman ◽

Daniel Dahiru ◽

Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽

Ahmed Ibrahim Hayatu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Vitex Doniana

Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophy, aging and other associated diseases. Vitex doniana is used in Adamawa, northern Nigeria to treat oxidative stress associated diseases. However, the antioxidative effects of the plant have not been scientifically examined in oxidative stress experimental animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Vitex doniana in oxidative stress model of rats. Methods: The study used 35 adult albino rats weighing 175 ± 25 g, of which 30 were induced with oxidative stress by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. Animals were treated by oral administration of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Vitex doniana aqueous or ethanol extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days before they were sacrificed on the 15th day and blood was analyzed for biochemical indices of oxidative stress. Results: The results of the phytochemistry showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides: and total flavonoids (52.70 ± 1.60 mg/ml and 75.40 ± 0.80 mg/ml), total phenols (21.45 ± 1.54 mg/ml and 26.50 ± 1.22 mg/ml) for aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH radical, reduced Fe3+ and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Doxorubicin significantly (p<0.05) lowered the levels of SOD, CAT, GR and TAS and significantly (p<0.05) but, increased the level of LPO. Oral treatment with Vitex doniana extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of CAT, GR, SOD and TAS while LPO was significantly (p<0.05) lowered. Vitex doniana stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) improved the biochemical derangements observed in the induced untreated animals in comparable manner to that of Silymarin. Conclusion: The present study provides the scientific rationale for the use of Vitex doniana stem bark in traditional medicine and has a viable antioxidative capacity both in vitro and in vivo.

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Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society ◽

10.21577/0103-5053.20210082 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Alessandro Rodrigues ◽

Priscylla Giffony ◽

Sarah dos Santos ◽

Jhonyson Guedes ◽

Maria Elenir Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Spondias Purpurea

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Different Extracts of Holoptelia Integrifolia

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.a9584.119119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 5234-5240

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Medicinal plants are play significant impact in the personal medicine for most of the people all over the world as an alternative live saving medicines and most of their medicinal properties are well known for anticancer activity. The different extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia (H.integrifolia) leaves, stem bark and fruits were studied as a potent natural source of antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing potential. This work was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of H.integrifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the H.integrifolia ethanolic extract was studied against five fungal and bacterial strains by utilizing the agar well diffusion method and MIC. Among several strain, the ethanolic extract of fruit has shown higher antimicrobial inhibition zone as 9.25-16 mm compare to other two extracts of stem and leaves as 10- 13.25 mm and 6-10.2 mm respectively. The antioxidant activities for different extract were also determined by DPPH free radical assay, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity method. The anti-inflammatory activity also estimated basedon formalin induced paw edema method on Wistar albino rats. The different extracts of leaves, stem bark and fruit parts of Holoptelea integrifolia were estimated for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against the animal model of female Wistar albino rats. The results of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the Ethanol extracts showed vital and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings revealed that aerial parts of H.integrifolia contais potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which expose the medicinal potential of the selected plant could be a significant drug candidates against microbial, oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes as a future alternative medicine.

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Hepato-protective, antioxidant activities and acute toxicity of a stem bark extract of Erythrina senegalensis DC.

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v4i3.60503 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F Njayou ◽

P Moundipa ◽

J Donfack ◽

D Chuisseu ◽

A Tchana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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Antioxidative, antimitotic, and DNA-damaging activities of Garcinia kola stem bark, Uvaria chamae root, and Olax subscorpioidea root used in the ethnotherapy of cancers

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Temidayo D. Popoola ◽

Olufunsho Awodele ◽

Folashayo Babawale ◽

Oluwatoyin Oguns ◽

Olawale Onabanjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Scge Assay

AbstractGarcinia kola (GK) stem bark, Uvaria chamae (UC) root, and Olax subscorpioidea (OS) root are components of various indigenous/traditional anticancer regimens. It is, therefore, possible that they might combat oxidative stress and impair cellular proliferation linked to carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative, mito-depressive, and DNA-damaging activities of the three plant extracts in order to provide further mechanistic insights into their potential anticancer roles in documented cancer remedies that include them. Antioxidative properties were investigated in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays and an animal model of drug (cisplatin)-induced oxidative stress. The Allium cepa assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay were used to assess mito-depressive and DNA-damaging activities. GK and OS showed significantly higher antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay than ascorbic acid; OS had the lowest IC50 of the three plants in the NO assay, comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Pretreatment with the extracts produced an ameliorative and protective effect against the cisplatin-induced oxidative stress as shown by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and improved or restored reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. In the Allium test, the three extracts produced significant decreases in root growth and also significant cytotoxicity as evidenced by decreased mitotic index. Each of the extracts also showed significantly increased tail DNA (%) in the SCGE assay, indicating the significant DNA-damaging effect. Taken together, this study demonstrates the possible chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials of the three study extracts, which may explain the roles of their source plants in traditional remedies in the therapy of cancers.

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