scholarly journals Phytochemical, cytotoxicity and antioxidant studies on the stem bark of Piper arborescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Anak Daniel ◽  
Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad ◽  
Zaini Assim ◽  
Chua Hun Pin
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

Phytochemical study on the stem bark of P. arborescens has isolated six secondary metabolites from the crude extracts by using column chromatography, while identification was performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were identified as caryophyllene oxide (1), α-bisabolol (2), benzamide 2-(methylamino) (3), 2-ethylpiperidine (4), piperine (5) and methyl eugenol (6). Toxicity test on the four crude extracts of P. arborescens shows a high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina brine shrimp with LC50 values ranging from 13.12 to 58.70 µg/mL. Greater cytotoxicity of the crude extracts of P. arborescens indicated the presence of potent cytotoxic components in this Piper spp. Antioxidant assay of P. arborescens against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicated moderate antioxidant activities of methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane crude extracts with EC50 values of 21.68, 23.82, 32.88 and 36.88 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Constituents and Anthelmintic Activity Evaluation of Albizia Adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright Essential Oils FromNigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinsola Akande ◽  
Sherifat Aboaba ◽  
Guido Flamini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Significant Difference

Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright (Fabaceae) is a plant used traditionally in treating different health ailments which includes worm infections. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). In vitro petri-dish anthelmintic activity was carried out using adult earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. The leaves, stem bark and root bark EOs afforded a total of 40, 26 and 20 constituents representing 90.9%, 94.1% and 90.9% of the total oil fractions respectively. The classes of compounds identified in the leaves, stem bark and root bark are oxygenated monoterpenes (4.1%, 1.7% and 4.0% respectively), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.5%, 67.3% and 42.6% respectively), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (18.7%, 22.3% and 30.1% respectively), non-terpene derivatives (12.1%, 2.6% and 14.2% respectively) and apocarotenoids (16.5% and 0.2% in the leaves and stem-bark). β-caryophyllene (23.0%), E-geranylacetone (7.4%), acorenone (6.4%), viridiflorol (6.4%), α-zingiberene (6.3%) and ar-curcumene (4.6%) were the major constituents in the leaves oil, β-caryophyllene (39.3%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (10.4%), α-zingiberene (9.6%), ar-curcumene (7.2%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%) and α-humulene (5.6%) were the major constituents in the stem bark oil, while β-caryophyllene (32.1%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (13.1%), caryophyllene oxide (8.4%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and α -humulene (4.4%) were the major constituents in the root bark oil. β -caryophyllene dominated the oils. The leaf EO was the most active against E. eugeniae worm. All the oils showed a relatively higher activity compared to Albendazole, in a concentration dependent manner. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in activity.

scholarly journals FRAKSINASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG Rhizopora mucronata SERTA UJI TOKSISITASNYA TERHADAP LARVA UDANG (Artemia salina Leach)

Molekul ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Hartiwi Diastuti ◽  
Suwandri Suwandri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Compound

Investigation the anticancer potency of R. mucronata has not been carried yet. This research were aimed to extract the bioactive compound of R. mucronata with various organic solvents, examine their toxicity againts A. salina Leach larv. and identify the toxic compounds from R. mucronata steam bark.The extraction of R. mucronata steam bark were peformed by maseration with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol, repectively. The extracts were examined their toxicity againsts A. salina Leach larv. The highest activity extracts was fractionated performed by coloumn chromatography. The fractions respectively was examined their toxicity againts A. salina Leach larv. Identification of toxic compound was carry out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The chloroform extracts of R. mucronata had toxic character. Toxicity test to A. salina Leach larv. The Result showed that the chloroform fraction 1 (C1) of R. mucronata steam bark had LC50 equal to 301.50 ppm. Phytochemical study showed that the active fractions contained terpenoid. Bioactive compound from R. mucronatasteam bark were dioctyl phthalate and cyclopropyle azulene decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene.

Anti-plasmodial Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (13) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dean Goodman ◽  
An Thuy Hoang ◽  
Drissa Diallo ◽  
Karl Egil Malterud ◽  
Geoffrey I. McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, syn. Fagara zanthoxyloides, is a tree growing in West Africa and is used in traditional medicine against a variety of diseases, including malaria. In the work reported here, root bark and stem bark extracts of this tree, as well as compounds isolated from the extracts, have been investigated for activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, toxicity against nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina has been studied. Dichloromethane extracts of the root bark and stem bark, and a methanol extract of the stem bark, showed anti-parasitic activity towards chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, with IC50 values between 1 and 10 µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, bis-dihydrochelerythrinyl ether, buesgenine, chelerythrine, γ-fagarine, skimmianine, and pellitorine were the most active, with IC50 values of less than 5 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extracts were toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 values of less than 1 µg/mL. Methanol extracts were much less toxic (LC50 between 50 and 100 µg/mL). Among the isolated substances, bis-dihydrochelethrinyl ether was the most toxic (LC50 ca. 2 µg/mL).

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Breonadia salicina Using 1H-NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6707
Author(s):  
Dorcas B. Tlhapi ◽  
Isaiah D. I. Ramaite ◽  
Chinedu P. Anokwuru
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Different Parts

Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper and J.R.I. Wood is widely used in South Africa and some other African countries for treatment of various infectious diseases such as diarrhea, fevers, cancer, diabetes and malaria. However, little is known about the active constituents associated with the biological activities. This study is aimed at exploring the metabolomics profile and antioxidant constituents of B. salicina. The chemical profiles of the leaf, stem bark and root of B. salicina were comprehensively characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts, fractions and pure compounds were determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and reducing power assays. A total of 25 compounds were tentatively identified using the UPLC-QTOF-MS. Furthermore, the 1H-NMR fingerprint revealed that the different parts of plant had differences and similarities among the different crude extracts and fractions. The crude extracts and fractions of the root, stem bark and leaf showed the presence of α-glucose, β-glucose, glucose and fructose. However, catechin was not found in the stem bark crude extracts but was found in the fractions of the stem bark. Lupeol was present only in the root crude extract and fractions of the stem bark. Furthermore, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was identified in the methanol leaf extract and its respective fractions, while the crude extracts and fractions from the root and dichloromethane leaf revealed the presence of hexadecane. Column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography were used to isolate kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-glucuronide, lupeol, d-galactopyranose, bodinioside Q, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, sucrose, hexadecane and palmitic acid. The crude methanol stem bark showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 41.7263 ± 7.6401 μg/mL, whereas the root crude extract had the highest reducing power activity with an IC0.5 value of 0.1481 ± 0.1441 μg/mL. Furthermore, the 1H-NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS profiles showed the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, polyphenols and flavonoids. According to a literature survey, these phytochemicals have been reported to display antioxidant activities. Therefore, the identified hydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid), polyphenol (ellagic acid) and flavonoids (catechin and (epi) gallocatechin) significantly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the different parts of plant of B. salicina. The results obtained in this study provides information about the phytochemistry and phytochemical compositions of Breonadia salicina, confirming that the species is promising in obtaining constituents with medicinal potential primarily antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Inhibition of seed germination, toxicity on Artemia salina and phytochemical prospecting with from Cuban plants as indicator of antitumo activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Luz María Sánchez Perera ◽  
Betty Mancebo Dorvigny ◽  
Ada Ivis Regalado Veloz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Antitumor Compounds ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

Cuba has a high biodiversity and many plants are widely known and used in folk medicine and for commercial manufacturing of phytomedicines. However, many plants have not been studied for their pharmacological properties, particularly endemic plants. Two simple, inexpensive and rapid biological assays, inhibition of germination of tomato and lettuce seeds and toxicity on the brine shrimp A. salina, have been evaluated as prescreens for possible antitumor activity. Extracts of six plant species collected in Havana, Cuba were subjected to the brine shrimp lethality test and inhibition of seed germination in order to detect potential sources of novel cytotoxic and cytostatic antitumor compounds, respectively. The larvicidal activity, based on the percentage of larval mortality, was evaluated after 24 h exposure to the treatments. In the case of inhibition of seed germination the readings were made 48 h after exposure. Semi-quantitative phytochemical prospecting was done by color and precipitation reactions for chemical functional groups. All species tested showed some cytotoxic and cytostatic effects. Two extracts showed high cytotoxicity in the Artemia salina test, the methanol extract from flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (TD) with IC50 (Inhibitory concentration 50) or LD50 (Lethal doses 50) of 1.14 µg/mL and methanol extract of stems from Castela lucida (CL) with LD50 of 0.052 µg/mL. However, the more promising species was the Tabebuia hypoleuca (TH) with cytostatic effect superior of 65% and good cytotoxic effect with the leaf extract, with the prominent compound classes’ triterpenes, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids. Keywords: Cuban plants; cytotoxic; Artemia salina; cytostatic; seed germination; chemical compounds

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Napoleona Vogelii Hook & Planch (Lecythidaceae) In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ikumawoyi ◽  
Esther Agbaje ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

BACKGROUND: Napoleona vogelii is used in traditional medicine for cancer management.AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanol stem bark extract of N. vogelii in male Sprague Dawley rats.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into group 1 (control) administered 10 mL/kg distilled water, groups 2 and 3 were co-administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of N. vogelli and 5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CPA) respectively for 7 days p.o. Groups 4 and 5 were administered only 5 mg/kg CPA and 200 mg/kg NV respectively.RESULTS: The LD50 oral was greater than 4 g/kg. There were significant (p < 0.0001) increases in plasma enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes and significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in percentage micronuclei in bone marrow of extract treated rats compared to rats administered 5 mg/kg CPA alone. There was steatosis pointing to cytotoxic injury in the liver of rats co-administered 200 mg/kg NV and 5 mg/kg CPA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract showed the presence of phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.CONCLUSION: N. vogelii possesses antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities associated with the presence of phytochemicals, phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Crude Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Xylocarpus mollucensis

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Md Enamul Haque ◽  
Md Nahidul Islam ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Akim Uddin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pure Compounds

The fractionated crude extracts and three isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3 from stem bark of Xylocarpus mollucensis were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and cytotoxicity against brine shrimp nauplii. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts and the compounds isolated from EtOAc fractions were studied for their antimicrobial activities. Cytotoxic activities were conducted only with EtOAc extract and its selected fractions. The EtOAc extract showed promising antimicrobial activities against all the gram positive and gram negative bacteria whereas petroleum ether extract showed moderate activities and the MeOH extract did not show any antimicrobial activities. The isolated pure compounds XM-1, XM-2 and XM-3, whose structures were not elucidated, exhibited activities against most of the bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp nauplii of the crude EtOAC extract and its selected fractions were studied. The LC50 values of the EtoAc extract was 12.6 ?g/ml and for the fractions 2, 5, 8 and 13 were 17.78, 13.34, 14.13 and 15.85 ?g/ml, respectively. Key words: Antimicrobial; Cytotoxic; Xylocarpus; Meliaceae. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 109-112, 2007 (December)

scholarly journals Phytochemistry of Three Ecuadorian Lamiaceae: Lepechinia heteromorpha (Briq.) Epling, Lepechinia radula (Benth.) Epling and Lepechinia paniculata (Kunth) Epling

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Gilardoni ◽  
Jorge Ramírez ◽  
Mayra Montalván ◽  
Willan Quinche ◽  
Jackeline León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Compound

In this research, the leaves of Lepechinia heteromorpha (Briq.) Epling, Lepechinia radula (Benth.) Epling and Lepechinia paniculata (Kunth) Epling have been collected in order to perform a phytochemical study. The first species was distilled to obtain a novel essential oil (EO), while the others were submitted to ethyl acetate extraction and secondary metabolite isolation. The chemical composition of the EO from L. heteromorpha has been investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography with Retention Indices (GC(RI)), identifying 25 constituents. A major compound, (−)-ledol (21.2%), and a minor compound, (−)-caryophyllene oxide (1.0%), were isolated from the EO and their structures confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Other major constituents of the EO were viridiflorene (27.3%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (1.4%), spirolepechinene and (E)-β-caryophyllene (7.1% each), allo-aromadendrene (6.1%), camphor (1.7%), limonene (1.3%) and β-phellandrene (4.6%). The enantiomeric composition of the EO monoterpene fraction was also studied, determining the enantiomeric excess and distribution of α-pinene, limonene, β-phellandrene and camphor. The ethyl acetate extract of L. radula and L. paniculata were fractionated by column chromatography. Spathulenol, angustanoic acid E and 5-hydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxy flavone were isolated from L. radula extract; ledol, guaiol and (−)-carnosol were found in L. paniculata.

scholarly journals TOXIC ACTIVITIES OF HEXANE EXTRACT AND COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY FRACTIONS OF RODENT TUBER PLANT (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) ON Artemia salina

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesti F. Sianipar ◽  
Wilmar Maarisit ◽  
Alice Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Column Number ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Solution Parameters

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) is a medicinal plant  particularly found in Java. The plant is used as an ingredient for  conventional cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the toxic activities of crude extracts and column chromatography fractions of  rodent tuber on Artemia salina larvae. Rodent tuber plant was obtained  from the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute in  Bogor, West Java. The experiment was conducted in the Biology  Laboratory of Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten. Leaves and petioles of the plant were macerated with acetone and the filtrates were evaporated (40°C) to obtain crude extracts. The crude extracts were partitioned with ethyl acetate, followed with hexane, chloroform and  butanol. Toxicity test of the extracts was performed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method on A. salina larvae. Extract showing the most toxic was fractioned using column chromatography and then tested on the larvae. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized  factorial, four replicates for crude extracts and two replicates for the fractions. Treatments were different types of extracts (hexane, chloroform and butanol) at various concentrations (500, 1,000 and 1,500 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution). Fractions of the column chromatography used were taken from the column number 1, 3 and 10, and tested their toxicities at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 μg ml-1 of 5% Tween solution. Parameters observed were the death of A. salina expressed as LC50. The study  showed that hexane extract of the petioles had the most toxic to A. salina (LC50 = 762.08 μg ml-1). Fraction number 10 showed the highest toxic (LC50 = 381.07 μg ml-1), whereas the lowest was fraction number 3 (LC50 = 653.13 μg ml-1). The study indicates that rodent tuber plant from Bogor is toxic to A. salina and further test for its cytotoxic activity is justified. <br />

scholarly journals Phytochemical Study on the Essential Oils of Tarragon (Аrtemisia dracunculus L.) Growing in Tajikistan and Its Comparison With the Essential Oil of the Species in the Rest of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2097739
Author(s):  
Farukh S. Sharopov ◽  
Aminjon Salimov ◽  
Sodik Numonov ◽  
Mahinur Bakri ◽  
Zafar Sangov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Oil

The aerial parts of the tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus) were collected around Kukteppa village, Ziddi, Varzob region of Tajikistan. The essential oil of tarragon was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-five compounds representing 99.8% of total oil were identified. Sabinene (29.1%), estragole (24.6%), limonene (7.8%), ( Z)-artemidin (4.9%), myrcene (4.8%), and ( E)-β-ocimene (4.0%) were components with a representation higher than 4% of the essential oils of aerial parts of tarragon. Hierarchical cluster analysis of А. dracunculus essential oils on the global phytogeographic origin based on 30 essential oil components and 105 samples (globally) of this species, indicated the existence of its 7 major chemotypes: ocimene, α-terpinene, capillene, methyl eugenol, mixed chemotype, ( Z)-artemidin, and estragol chemotypes. The essential oils of А. dracunculus showed weak antioxidant and antibacterial activities. To our best knowledge, this is the first report concerning the chemical composition, chemotypic variation, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of А. dracunculus, growing wild in the Varzob region of Tajikistan.

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