scholarly journals Hepato-protective, antioxidant activities and acute toxicity of a stem bark extract of Erythrina senegalensis DC.

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Njayou ◽  
P Moundipa ◽  
J Donfack ◽  
D Chuisseu ◽  
A Tchana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alessandro Rodrigues ◽  
Priscylla Giffony ◽  
Sarah dos Santos ◽  
Jhonyson Guedes ◽  
Maria Elenir Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Spondias Purpurea

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

scholarly journals The Sub Acute Toxicity Evaluation of <i>Stereospermum kunthianum</i> Aqueous Methanolic Stem Bark Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Maxwell Osaronowen Egua ◽  
Ode Julius Okwoche ◽  
Florence Chimezie Nwinyi ◽  
Onakpa Michael Monday ◽  
Akande Motunrayo Ganiyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity, Phytochemical Composition and Acute Toxicity Tests of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei De Wild

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Chidiebere A. Otuu ◽  
Rose N. N. Obiezue ◽  
Chris I. Okoye ◽  
Innocent C. J. Omalu ◽  
Ada Q. A. Otuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Many modern medicines are derived from the chemicals available in plants. The utilization of plants against diseases by traditional medical practitioners is common in many parts of the world and several researches have been carried out to determine the scientific basis for the use of such plants. Alstonia boonei is one of the many medicinal plants found in Nigeria. The plant parts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments including malaria. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimalarial activity, phytochemical composition and toxicity of ethanolic stem bark extract of Alstonia boonei. The extract showed substantial dose dependent antimalarial activity as indicated by the recorded suppressive (45.67%, 58.53% and 74.68% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) prophylactic (33.57%, 45.64% and 61.23% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) and curative effects (62.35%, 68.57% and 79.63% for 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 body weights) on Plasmodium berghei infected white albino mice. The results of the antimalarial tests were significantly different compared to the negative control at P < 0.05. The phytochemical evaluation showed that the plant contained important chemical compounds including tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed that the extract is safe as observed on the tested mice. It was concluded that the extract contains important active antimalarial compounds that are safe and should be further investigated for antimalarial drug development.

scholarly journals Analgesic, Non-ulcerogenic and Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Morinda lucida (Rubiaceae) in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mezui Christophe ◽  
Amang Perfusion ◽  
Bougnom Pascal ◽  
Malepa Ginette ◽  
Tchinda Serges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical and in vitro Antioxidant Screening of the Root and Stem Bark of Annona muricata Linn

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
C. E. Anarado ◽  
F. M. Chukwubueze ◽  
C. J. O. Anarado ◽  
N. L. Umedum ◽  
C. B. Nwanya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: To compare the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of stem bark and root extracts of Annona muricata. Methodology: The stem bark and root of Annona muricata were collected, washed, air-dried, ground and each extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant screening was also carried out on the samples. Results: Cardiac glycosides were present in all the extracts of both root and stem bark. Alkaloids were present in moderate abundance in all the extracts except the ethyl acetate stem bark extract. Saponins and tannins were found in methanol extracts of both parts and also in very high abundance but the stem contained higher amount of saponins while alkaloids and tannins were found more in the root. Flavonoids were only found in the ethyl acetate stem bark extract.  Steroids were absent in all the extracts except n-hexane root extract. The root showed greater enzymatic antioxidant activities than the stem bark. The solvent polarity affected the phytochemical found in each extract.  The antioxidant activities of the catalase, superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in the root of Annona muricata than in the stem. Conversely, peroxidase showed a significantly higher activity in the stem than in the root. Conclusion: The stem bark and root exhibited good antioxidant properties, so there is need to isolate the compounds responsible for antioxidant property exhibited by the plant parts.

scholarly journals Analgesic and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract and fractions of Petersianthus macrocarpus

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
SundayAdeleke Adesegun ◽  
CelestinaIfeoma Orabueze ◽  
HerbertAlexander Coker
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Parinari macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhassan Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammed Sani Abdussalami ◽  
Joseph Appah ◽  
Abdullahi Hussein Umar ◽  
Aminu Alhassan Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The plant, Parinari macrophylla, has been widely reported to possess potent ethnomedicinal properties especially in the northern part of Nigeria. However, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant to be used as an antidiabetic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Wistar rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were used for the study and diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were treated with different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla (1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were then monitored. Histopathological investigation of pancreatic tissue was also conducted. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes as secondary metabolites. The acute toxicity test revealed no mortality with a median lethal dose determined to be above 5000 mg/kg. Although the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla decreased blood glucose levels at weeks 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed for the group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose compared to the diabetic control group at week 2. The histological investigation revealed that the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla caused regeneration of pancreatic islet cells, with the 2000 mg/kg dose being more evident. Conclusion This study suggests that the stem bark extract of P. macrophylla possesses a potent antidiabetic effect and may potentially be used to treat diabetes and associated complications. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Napoleona Vogelii Hook & Planch (Lecythidaceae) In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ikumawoyi ◽  
Esther Agbaje ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

BACKGROUND: Napoleona vogelii is used in traditional medicine for cancer management.AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanol stem bark extract of N. vogelii in male Sprague Dawley rats.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into group 1 (control) administered 10 mL/kg distilled water, groups 2 and 3 were co-administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of N. vogelli and 5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CPA) respectively for 7 days p.o. Groups 4 and 5 were administered only 5 mg/kg CPA and 200 mg/kg NV respectively.RESULTS: The LD50 oral was greater than 4 g/kg. There were significant (p < 0.0001) increases in plasma enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes and significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in percentage micronuclei in bone marrow of extract treated rats compared to rats administered 5 mg/kg CPA alone. There was steatosis pointing to cytotoxic injury in the liver of rats co-administered 200 mg/kg NV and 5 mg/kg CPA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract showed the presence of phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.CONCLUSION: N. vogelii possesses antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities associated with the presence of phytochemicals, phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Methanol stem bark extract of Cadaba farinosa (Forssk) in wistar rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
M.L. Umaru ◽  
G.N. Uyaiabasi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

The study focused on evaluating the toxicity profile of the methanol stem bark extract of Cadaba farinose (Forssk), considering possibilities of adverse effects arising from continual use of herbal plants especially in the management of long-term conditions. Cadaba farinosa is a slender shrub plant widely used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, inflammations, rheumatic pains and various infections including skin and intestine both in Africa and India. The acute toxicity study and sub-acute toxicity studies were carried out in Wistar rats using Lorkes Method (1983) and the OECD Guidelines 425. For the sub-acute toxicity studies, twenty rats weighing between 120 and 170g were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 (control) received 10ml/kg of distilled water and the others received doses of 40, 200 and 1000mg/kg p.o of extract for 28 days. The acute toxicity revealed no mortality or behavioural signs of toxicity in both phases up to 5000mg/kg. The haematological indices revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the WBC count, MCV and PLT of the groups that received 1000mg/kg of the extract after treatment for 28 days. The liver function test showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST and ALT. Renal indices showed a significant decrease in creatinine and a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma Na+, K+ and Cl- ion concentration across the groups. Histopathological section of the spleen revealed follicular hyperplasia. The results suggest that the plant could be slightly toxic to the liver and the spleen on long-term use.

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