scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE OSMOTIC ACTIVITY OF LIVER AND OF KIDNEY TISSUE CAUSED BY PASSAGE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, UREA, AND SOME OTHER SUBSTANCES INTO CELLS

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Osmotic Activity

The osmotic activity of liver tissue and of kidney cortex tested within 10 minutes after immersion in solutions of sodium chloride has been increased by procedures which introduce sodium chloride, urea or creatinin into the body in excess of its elimination. A substance formed by cell metabolism, namely urea, can increase the osmotic activity of liver and of kidney cells. The amino acids, glycine and arginine, under similar conditions have not increased the osmotic activity of liver or of kidney cortex.

scholarly journals ISOTONICITY OF LIVER AND OF KIDNEY TISSUE IN SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Osmotic Activity

Solutions of a wide variety of electrolytes, isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue, have approximately the same osmotic pressure as solutions of sodium chloride isotonic with tissues of the two organs respectively; that is, with solutions approximately twice as concentrated as the sodium chloride of mammalian blood plasma. The molar concentration of various electrolytes isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue immediately after its removal from the body is determined by the molecular weight, valency, and ion-dissociation of these electrolytes in accordance with the well known conditions of osmosis. The plasma membranes of liver and of kidney cells are imperfectly semipermeable to electrolytes, and those that enter the cell, though retarded in so doing, bring about injury which increases permeability to water. The osmotic activity of cells of mammalian liver and kidney immediately after their removal from the body resembles that of plant cells, egg cells of marine invertebrates, and mammalian red blood corpuscles and presumably represents a basic property of living cells by which osmotic pressure may be adjusted to functional need.

scholarly journals OSMOTIC ACTIVITY OF TISSUES DURING FETAL AND POSTNATAL GROWTH

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Mature Animal ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Osmotic Activity

The osmotic pressure maintained by liver tissue of the white rat preceding birth is less than that of the maternal blood serum and shortly after birth approximates this level. Following birth osmotic pressure of liver tissue, continuing to increase, reaches after about 60 to 90 days the level found in the liver of mature animals and is then isotonic with solutions of sodium chloride with concentration slightly more than twice that isotonic with blood serum. Osmotic pressure maintained by kidney tissue pursues with growth a similar course but at a lower level and about 35 to 60 days after birth reaches that found in the mature animal being represented by isotonicity with a concentration of sodium chloride slightly less than twice that isotonic with blood serum. The tissues of the whole fetus are isotonic with sodium chloride solutions less concentrated than that isotonic with the maternal blood serum.

scholarly journals OSMOTIC ACTIVITY OF LIVER CELLS AND MELTING POINT OF LIVER

1954 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Frozen Solution ◽  
Molecular Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Activity

Depression of the melting point of liver tissue rapidly frozen by liquid nitrogen during life provides a means by which the molecular concentration within liver cells may be compared with that of solutions of sodium chloride or of blood or of blood serum. The rising temperature of frozen blood of guinea pig under the conditions of these experiments is retarded when melting occurs, pursues when plotted a prolonged linear course, and finally rises precipitously at –0.54°C. when melting is complete. With the melting of blood serum of guinea pig and of blood of cat and of rat, the temperature takes approximately the same course. The temperature changes are nearly the same as those of a frozen solution of sodium chloride isotonic with blood serum. The temperature changes of frozen liver assumes when plotted a linear course at about –1.1°C., increases at intervals with step-like progress and finally rises precipitiously at –0.76°C. The temperature changes in melting liver of cat and of rat are similar. The melting of liver begins at a level which approximates that of a solution of sodium chloride isotonic with it. The step-like course of temperature changes which occur during the melting of frozen liver are best explained by the assumption that the cells contain substances which successively and temporarily retard the rise of temperature.

scholarly journals THE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN TUMOR TISSUE REMOVED FROM THE BODY

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Liver Tissue

When immersed in water cells of hepatomas produced by p-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (butter yellow) take in less water than liver cells from which they are derived and more rapidly undergo disintegration; cholangiomas produced by butter yellow undergo similar changes. As a result of the injury of the tumor cells by water the osmotic exchange, characteristic of the normal liver cells under the same conditions, is impaired within the initial half hour of immersion. Solutions of sodium chloride isotonic for hepatoma tissue have a concentration approximating 0.16 molar and for cholangioma, 0.2 molar, whereas solutions isotonic for normal liver tissue approximate 0.34 molar. Water exchange of hepatoma and of cholangioma tissue in solutions of sodium chloride of various concentrations deviates from a proportional relation to the concentration more than does normal liver tissue under the same conditions. Water exchange of sarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue produced by benzpyrene when immersed in water resembles that of interstitial fibrous tissue of normal animals, but by the procedures that have been used water exchange of the tumor cells alone has not been measurable. Microscopic examination indicates that the sarcoma cells are as susceptible to injury as those of the other tumors that have been examined. Intake of water by adenofibromas of the subcutaneous tissue is apparently dominated by changes in the dense stroma of the tumor and has the anomalous character of intake bycompact fibrous tissue of the corium of the skin and of the wall of the aorta.

scholarly journals OSMOTIC HOMEOSTASIS MAINTAINED BY MAMMALIAN LIVER, KIDNEY, AND OTHER TISSUES

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie ◽  
Mary B. Rothbard
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Osmotic Homeostasis ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Water Equilibrium

Osmotic pressure maintained by liver or kidney tissue measured by its water equilibrium with solutions of sodium chloride remains unchanged from 5 minutes up to 1½ hours following removal of the tissue from the body. Then with autolytic increase of molecular concentration within the cytoplasm of cells it reaches a higher level. Osmotic pressure maintained by pancreas or submaxillary gland, as ascertained in the same way, remains unchanged during ½ hour and later increases. Liver tissue of rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat maintains an osmotic pressure greater than twice that of the blood, and kidney tissue maintains an osmotic pressure somewhat less than twice that of blood. Fasting throughout a period of 7 days has little influence upon osmotic pressure maintained by cells of liver or kidney. Low protein diet has been found to depress osmotic pressure of liver cells after about 4 weeks, and with degenerative changes in the parenchyma, notably fatty infiltration, this pressure has remained at a diminished level during approximately 90 days. Increase of pressure within the common bile duct and the changes following biliary obstruction are accompanied by depression of the osmotic pressure maintained by liver tissue and ligation of the ureter diminishes the osmotic pressure maintained by kidney tissue. In both instances osmotic pressure tends later to rise to its former level. The osmotic pressure maintained by liver or by kidney tissue preserves an approximately uniform level under normal conditions and may be little changed by conspicuous injury to the organ. When this osmotic homeostasis is impaired by severe injury the pressure maintained by the tissue returns to its former level with recovery from the injury.

Protective influence of coded amino acids on the development of liver tissue culture in the presence of cytostatic

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
N. I. Chalisova ◽  
V. K. Kozlov ◽  
A. B. Mulik ◽  
E. P. Zatsepin ◽  
T. A. Kostrova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Combined Exposure

An urgent problem is the search for substances that can provide a protective effect in cases of DNA synthesis and repair disorders that arise as a result of side effects of cytostatic drugs used in the treatment of cancer. The aim of this work was to study the effect of 20 encoded amino acids in the presence of Cyclophosphane on the development of organotypic culture of rat liver tissue. The results obtained indicate that Cyclophosphane; which simulates the action of such cytostatic substances; inhibits cell proliferation in the liver tissue. It was also found that the encoded amino acids: asparagine; arginine; and glutamic acid; eliminate the inhibitory effect of Cyclophosphane in liver tissue culture. The growth zone of explants after combined exposure to Cyclophosphane (whose isolated action suppressed the growth zone) and these amino acids increased significantly and reached control values. Thus; the experimental data create the basis for the development of methods for the therapeutic use of the three studied amino acids for the removal of side effects in the treatment with cytostatic drugs.

Promotion of stipe elongation in isolated Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies by carbohydrates, natural extracts, and amino acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Gruen ◽  
Sheue-heng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Ammonium Tartrate ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Stipe Elongation ◽  
Other Substances

Isolated Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies were cultured under sterile conditions with the cut base immersed in water or solutions. Stipe elongation on water was only 6% of normal for fruit bodies isolated at 1.1–2.0 cm length, 19% at 5.1–6.0 cm, and the same as for fruit bodies attached to mycelium at 9.1–10.0 cm. Fruit bodies not immersed in water grew less in a saturated atmosphere than those in water. The mycelium must supply other substances than water for normal elongation during about two-thirds of the growth period, and only water thereafter. Isolated fruit bodies fed with filtered glucose, trehalose, sucrose, or mannitol grew better than on water. Maltose and fructose increased elongation only slightly, and sorbose had no effect. Potato extract, yeast extract, and casein hydrolysate gave no or very little growth promotion, but addition of glucose strongly increased growth on the natural extracts compared to glucose alone. Of 21 amino acids added separately to glucose, only asparagine, hydroxyproline, arginine, and to a lesser extent glutamine, stimulated growth of isolated fruit bodies. Growth was not promoted by pure asparagine, glutamine, and serine, or by thiamin or indoleacetic acid. Growth was inhibited by urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium tartrate with or without glucose.Growth promoting substances were most effective in young fruit bodies and except for glucose the promotion disappeared in fruit bodies isolated at 6.1–7.0 cm length, which corresponds to the end of the period of rapid elongation. Apical portions of fruit bodies with caps grew better on glucose than whole fruit bodies. Growth of decapitated isolated stipes was not promoted by nutrients.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7931
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Shiqiang Sun ◽  
Pengjie Wang ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Qingjuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Epithelial Development ◽  
Ec Cells

Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a metabolite of tryptophan and is reported to modulate the development and neurogenesis of the enteric nervous system, gut motility, secretion, inflammation, sensation, and epithelial development. Approximately 95% of 5-HT in the body is synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the most common type of neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, through sensing signals from the intestinal lumen and the circulatory system. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones are the main factors that play a vital role in regulating 5-HT secretion by EC cells. Apart from being an important neurotransmitter and a paracrine signaling molecule in the gut, gut-derived 5-HT was also shown to exert other biological functions (in autism and depression) far beyond the gut. Moreover, studies conducted on the regulation of 5-HT in the immune system demonstrated that 5-HT exerts anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects on the gut by binding to different receptors under intestinal inflammatory conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms through which 5-HT participates in cell metabolism and physiology can provide potential therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases. Herein, we review recent evidence to recapitulate the mechanisms of synthesis, secretion, regulation, and biofunction of 5-HT to improve the nutrition and health of humans.

scholarly journals High-throughput screening of circRNAs reveals novel mechanisms of tuberous sclerosis complex-related renal angiomyolipoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Wenda Wang ◽  
Guoyang Zheng ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Renal Angiomyolipoma

Abstract Objective Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by lesions throughout the body. Our previous study showed the abnormal up-regulation of miRNAs plays an important part in the pathogenesis of TSC-related renal angiomyolipoma (TSC-RAML). circRNAs were known as important regulators of miRNA, but little is known about the circRNAs in TSC-RAMLs. Methods Microarray chips and RNA sequencing were used to identify the circRNAs and mRNAs that were differently expressed between the TSC-RAML and normal kidney tissue. A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed to reveal the regulation of miRNAs and mRNAs by the circRNAs. The biological functions of circRNA and mRNA were analyzed by pathway analysis. Microenvironmental cell types were estimated with the MCP-counter package. Results We identified 491 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) and 212 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 6 DECs were further confirmed by q-PCR. A ceRNA regulatory network which included 6 DECs, 5 miRNAs, and 63 mRNAs was established. Lipid biosynthetic process was significantly up-regulated in TSC-RAML, and the humoral immune response and the leukocyte chemotaxis pathway were found to be down-regulated. Fibroblasts are enriched in TSC-RAML, and the up-regulation of circRNA_000799 and circRNA_025332 may be significantly correlated to the infiltration of the fibroblasts. Conclusion circRNAs may regulate the lipid metabolism of TSC-RAML by regulation of the miRNAs. Fibroblasts are enriched in TSC-RAMLs, and the population of fibroblast may be related to the alteration of circRNAs of TSC-RAML. Lipid metabolism in fibroblasts is a potential treatment target for TSC-RAML.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document